{"id":3412,"date":"2025-11-10T06:16:50","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T06:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/?p=3412"},"modified":"2026-04-12T15:40:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T15:40:24","slug":"elektronicky-zaznam-pacienta-epa-kontrola-rizik-prava-a-namitky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/elektronicky-zaznam-pacienta-epa-kontrola-rizik-prava-a-namitky\/","title":{"rendered":"Kontrola fakt\u016f o elektronick\u00e9 dokumentaci pacienta (EPR): rizika, pr\u00e1va a n\u00e1mitky"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Elektronick\u00e1 dokumentace pacienta, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b ePA, je jedn\u00edm z nejambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projekt\u016f digitalizace v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m zdravotnictv\u00ed. Jeho c\u00edlem je centralizovat l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 informace - od n\u00e1lez\u016f a laboratorn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f a\u017e po l\u00e9kov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny, o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a nemocni\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy. L\u00e9ka\u0159i, terapeuti, l\u00e9k\u00e1rny a pacienti maj\u00ed b\u00fdt l\u00e9pe propojeni, m\u00e1 se zamezit duplicitn\u00edm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm a zlep\u0161it kvalita l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/p>\n<p>To, co na pap\u00ed\u0159e zn\u00ed modern\u011b a efektivn\u011b, v praxi vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0159adu ot\u00e1zek: Kdo m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup? Jak bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 jsou data? A p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm: chci v\u016fbec, aby v\u0161echny m\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed \u00fadaje byly ulo\u017eeny a p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u011b - i kdy\u017e jsem o n\u011b nepo\u017e\u00e1dal?<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Osobn\u011b jsem se rozhodl, \u017ee nebudu automaticky z\u0159izovat Evropsk\u00fd patentov\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad, a vyu\u017eil jsem sv\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va vzn\u00e9st n\u00e1mitku. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btluji pro\u010d. Ne\u017e se v\u0161ak dostaneme ke kritice, stoj\u00ed za to se ohl\u00e9dnout zp\u011bt: Jak v\u016fbec elektronick\u00e1 dokumentace pacienta vznikla? Kdo ji napl\u00e1noval? Kdo ji poh\u00e1n\u00ed kup\u0159edu? A jak se v posledn\u00edch letech zm\u011bnil pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec?<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace o elektronick\u00e9 dokumentaci pacienta<\/h2>\n<p><strong>12.04.2026<\/strong>Navzdory politick\u00e9mu tlaku a technick\u00e9mu proveden\u00ed se elektronick\u00e1 dokumentace pacienta (ePA) zav\u00e1d\u00ed do praxe jen pomalu. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fadaje spole\u010dnosti Techniker Krankenkasse ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee pouze <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zm-online.de\/news\/detail\/nur-acht-prozent-der-tk-versicherten-nutzen-die-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b osm procent poji\u0161t\u011bnc\u016f aktivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ePA.<\/strong><\/a> - To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jednomu milionu lid\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee mnoho funkc\u00ed ePA funguje i na pozad\u00ed bez aktivn\u00edho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm automaticky ukl\u00e1dan\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f nebo recept\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 m\u00edra aktivn\u00edho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jasn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem: p\u0159ijet\u00ed mezi obyvatelstvem je st\u00e1le omezen\u00e9, p\u0159esto\u017ee infrastruktura je ji\u017e roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena po cel\u00e9 zemi.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_wetlmtUm0RY\"><div id=\"lyte_wetlmtUm0RY\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FwetlmtUm0RY%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/wetlmtUm0RY\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FwetlmtUm0RY%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\n39C3: Probl\u00e9my s elektronickou slo\u017ekou pacienta (ePA) vysv\u011btluje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumnice Bianca Kastl | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@heise-ct\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">heise &amp; c't<\/a><\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to souvislosti kritika odborn\u00edk\u016f na bezpe\u010dnost IT st\u00e1le nab\u00fdv\u00e1 na v\u00e1ze. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumnice Bianca Kastl v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btluje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nedostatky ePA, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o spr\u00e1vu identit, transparentnost a organiza\u010dn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost. Hlavn\u00ed kritika: struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my nelze jednodu\u0161e \u201eopravit\u201c dodate\u010dn\u011b, ale jsou hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bny v syst\u00e9mu. V kombinaci s n\u00edzk\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm to vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku: vznik\u00e1 zde syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd sice technicky existuje, ale ve skute\u010dnosti nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n ani pln\u011b pochopen? N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed video osv\u011btluje pr\u00e1v\u011b tento rozpor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>21.01.2026<\/strong>: Psychologick\u00e9 a terapeutick\u00e9 profesn\u00ed organizace <a href=\"https:\/\/www.heise.de\/news\/Psychologische-und-therapeutische-Verbaende-fordern-besseren-Schutz-der-ePA-Daten-11147250.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem<\/strong><\/a> k citliv\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm \u00fadaj\u016fm v elektronick\u00e9 dokumentaci pacienta (EPR) v r\u00e1mci na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU o d\u016fkazech. Podle N\u011bmeck\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b psychoterapeut\u016f (DPNW) a Profesn\u00edho sdru\u017een\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch psycholog\u016f (BDP) by pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed implementace mohla umo\u017enit org\u00e1n\u016fm z jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed EU po\u017eadovat \u00fadaje z EPR - a to i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee dan\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti nejsou podle n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va trestn\u00e9. Sdru\u017een\u00ed proto po\u017eaduj\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed a ochrana EPR a aby byla vytvo\u0159ena tzv. z\u00f3na bez pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pro zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed \u00fadaje. Mezi kritizovan\u00e9 body pat\u0159\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e1 nejasn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed situace a riziko, \u017ee by d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 informace mohly b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny bez odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed ochrany.<\/p>\n<p><strong>03.11.2025<\/strong>: Podle spole\u010dnosti WELT st\u00e1le v\u00edce pacient\u016f objevuje v\u00fdhody elektronick\u00e9 dokumentace pacienta (ePA). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.welt.de\/vermischtes\/article68f39624b6a97a0e756aaaff\/elektronische-patientenakte-uebertrieben-bis-frei-erfunden-patienten-klagen-ueber-falsche-diagnosen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nebo fiktivn\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy<\/strong><\/a> ve zdravotnick\u00e9 dokumentaci - n\u011bkdy s v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na soukrom\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Tyto pochybn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy se zejm\u00e9na \u010dasto t\u00fdkaj\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nebo neexistuj\u00edc\u00edch stav\u016f, jako jsou mdloby nebo gastritida. V pozad\u00ed je z\u0159ejm\u011b syst\u00e9m finan\u010dn\u00edch pob\u00eddek, kter\u00fd odm\u011b\u0148uje nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy. Jednou zapsan\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b opravuj\u00ed nebo odstra\u0148uj\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed k pravideln\u00fdm kontrol\u00e1m EPA, proto\u017ee nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 informace mohou zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9 znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-698 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-698 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed t\u00e9mata<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-698\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"cmd verstehen: warum wissen der erste schritt zur heilung ist\" data-id=\"3419\"  data-category=\"b\u00fccher gesundheit\" data-post_tag=\"buch cmd erfahrungen gesundheit ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/cmd-pochopit-proc-je-poznani-prvnim-krokem-k-uzdraveni\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Porozum\u011bn\u00ed CMD: Pro\u010d je znalost prvn\u00edm krokem k uzdraven\u00ed?<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Pochopen\u00ed CMD je prvn\u00edm krokem k uzdraven\u00ed\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/CMD-verstehen-wissen.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/CMD-verstehen-wissen.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/CMD-verstehen-wissen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/CMD-verstehen-wissen-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/CMD-verstehen-wissen-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/cmd-pochopit-proc-je-poznani-prvnim-krokem-k-uzdraveni\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Porozum\u011bn\u00ed CMD: Pro\u010d je znalost prvn\u00edm krokem k uzdraven\u00ed?<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"entgiften ohne nebenwirkungen? mein erfahrungsbericht mit humins\u00e4uren\" data-id=\"3057\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher gesundheit tipps &amp; anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"buch cmd erfahrungen gesundheit hypersensibilit\u00e4t mcs\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/detox-bez-vedlejsich-ucinku-moje-zkusenosti-s-huminovymi-kyselinami\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Detoxikace bez vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f? Moje zku\u0161enost s huminov\u00fdmi kyselinami<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"huminov\u00e9 kyseliny pro \u0161etrnou detoxikaci\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/huminsaeuren-moorboden.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/huminsaeuren-moorboden.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/huminsaeuren-moorboden-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/huminsaeuren-moorboden-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/huminsaeuren-moorboden-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/detox-bez-vedlejsich-ucinku-moje-zkusenosti-s-huminovymi-kyselinami\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Detoxikace bez vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f? Moje zku\u0161enost s huminov\u00fdmi kyselinami<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"deine meinung z\u00e4hlt &#8211; neue umfragen zu aktuellen themen\" data-id=\"3383\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"buch cmd erfahrungen gesundheit krisen meinungsfreiheit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/vas-nazor-se-pocita-do-novych-pruzkumu-na-aktualni-temata\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">V\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1zor se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 - Nov\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy k aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u00e9mat\u016fm<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Pr\u016fzkumy k aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u00e9mat\u016fm\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/umfragen-aktuell.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/umfragen-aktuell.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/umfragen-aktuell-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/umfragen-aktuell-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/umfragen-aktuell-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/vas-nazor-se-pocita-do-novych-pruzkumu-na-aktualni-temata\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">V\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1zor se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 - Nov\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy k aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u00e9mat\u016fm<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"zahnreinigung &#8211; sinnvoll oder \u00fcbertrieben? eine differenzierte betrachtung\" data-id=\"2920\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher gesundheit tipps &amp; anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"buch cmd gesundheit hypersensibilit\u00e4t mcs\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/cisteni-zubu-rozumny-nebo-prehnany-diferencovany-pohled\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f - rozumn\u00e9 nebo p\u0159ehnan\u00e9? Diferencovan\u00fd pohled<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f - jak \u010dasto m\u00e1 smysl?\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/zahnreinigung-sinnvoll.png\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/zahnreinigung-sinnvoll.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/zahnreinigung-sinnvoll-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/zahnreinigung-sinnvoll-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/zahnreinigung-sinnvoll-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/zahnreinigung-sinnvoll-18x12.png 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/cisteni-zubu-rozumny-nebo-prehnany-diferencovany-pohled\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f - rozumn\u00e9 nebo p\u0159ehnan\u00e9? Diferencovan\u00fd pohled<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Historie a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec<\/h2>\n<p>My\u0161lenka centralizovan\u00e9ho digit\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1znamu nen\u00ed nov\u00e1. Ji\u017e koncem 90. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se objevily my\u0161lenky, jak by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 strukturovan\u011bji zaznamen\u00e1vat zdravotn\u00ed \u00fadaje a zp\u0159\u00edstupnit je nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d institucemi. Prvn\u00ed projekty, jako byla elektronick\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed karta (eGK), m\u011bly polo\u017eit technick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady - projekt se v\u0161ak opakovan\u011b zadrh\u00e1val. Obavy o ochranu \u00fadaj\u016f, nedostatek infrastruktury a politick\u00e9 neshody br\u00e1nily rychl\u00e9 realizaci.<\/p>\n<p>Toto t\u00e9ma z\u00edskalo na s\u00edle v roce 2010 - v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b kv\u016fli rostouc\u00edmu tlaku na n\u00e1klady ve zdravotnictv\u00ed a rostouc\u00edmu v\u00fdznamu digit\u00e1ln\u00edch technologi\u00ed. Elektronick\u00e1 dokumentace pacienta byla propagov\u00e1na jako stavebn\u00ed k\u00e1men efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u011b propojen\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f pacient\u016f (PDSG) a zaveden\u00ed ePA<\/h3>\n<p>Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm krokem byla <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de\/patientendaten-schutz-gesetz.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f pacient\u016f (PDSG)<\/a><\/strong>, kter\u00e1 vstoupila v platnost v \u0159\u00edjnu 2020. Zav\u00e1zala fondy povinn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, aby od 1. ledna 2021 nab\u00edzely v\u0161em poji\u0161t\u011bnc\u016fm elektronickou kartu pacienta - zpo\u010d\u00e1tku na dobrovoln\u00e9 b\u00e1zi. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fstalo dobrovoln\u00e9 a ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se zaregistrovali, se mohli sami rozhodnout, jak\u00e9 \u00fadaje budou zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1ny a kdo k nim bude m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup.<\/p>\n<p>Technickou podporu p\u0159i realizaci poskytli <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gematik.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gematik GmbH<\/a><\/strong>spole\u010dnost pod dohledem spolkov\u00e9ho ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e jsou zastoupeny zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny, sdru\u017een\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, l\u00e9k\u00e1rny a nemocnice. Elektronick\u00fd ePA by m\u011bl nejen sdru\u017eovat zdravotnickou dokumentaci, ale m\u011bl by b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 dlouhodob\u011b propojen s digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi identitami, elektronick\u00fdmi recepty a elektronick\u00fdm l\u00e9kov\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem.<\/p>\n<h3>Od opt-in k opt-out: zaveden\u00ed \"ePA pro v\u0161echny\"<\/h3>\n<p>Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd byl schv\u00e1len v lednu 2024, p\u0159inesl zm\u011bnu paradigmatu: v budoucnu m\u011bly b\u00fdt elektronick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o pacientech z\u0159\u00edzeny automaticky pro v\u0161echny osoby se z\u00e1konn\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm - pokud proti tomu nebudou aktivn\u011b protestovat.<\/p>\n<p>Tato nov\u00e1 verze, \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako <em><strong>\"ePA pro v\u0161echny\"<\/strong><\/em> bude prov\u00e1d\u011bn postupn\u011b od 1. ledna 2025.<\/p>\n<p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo <strong>nepod\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1mitku<\/strong>, Automaticky se vytvo\u0159\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed soubor, do kter\u00e9ho mohou ordinace l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, nemocnice a dal\u0161\u00ed subjekty vkl\u00e1dat \u00fadaje. Tento postup je zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako model \u201eopt-out\u201c - a z pohledu mnoha odborn\u00edk\u016f na ochranu \u00fadaj\u016f je velmi problematick\u00fd. Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd poji\u0161t\u011bnec toti\u017e bude dostate\u010dn\u011b informov\u00e1n nebo nebude m\u00edt technick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, aby mohl v\u010das vzn\u00e9st n\u00e1mitku.<\/p>\n<p>Lh\u016fta pro pod\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1mitky nen\u00ed v cel\u00e9 zemi jednotn\u00e1, ale z\u00e1vis\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovn\u011b. Mnoh\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed pod\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1mitky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu nebo p\u00edsemn\u011b - n\u011bkdy a\u017e po p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebo autentizaci. S\u00e1m jsem zvolil tento zp\u016fsob, abych si zachoval kontrolu nad sv\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi \u00fadaji.<\/p>\n<h3>Opt-out - sporn\u00fd standard<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159echod k automatick\u00e9mu vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 dokumentace pacienta mi p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 jinou zku\u0161enost v jej\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed struktu\u0159e:. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/nucena-migrace-v-hosteurope-kdyz-e-maily-nahle-skonci-v-cloudu\/\">Nevy\u017e\u00e1dan\u00e1 migrace m\u00fdch e-mailov\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f<\/a> do cloudu Microsoft prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm HostEurope. Tam tak\u00e9 prob\u011bhla centralizovan\u00e1 migrace na pozad\u00ed - ani\u017e bych s n\u00ed aktivn\u011b souhlasil. Bylo tam jednodu\u0161e naps\u00e1no: <em>\"Pokud nem\u00e1te n\u00e1mitky, provedeme v\u00fdm\u011bnu.\"<\/em> Pro m\u011b to byl jasn\u00fd z\u00e1sah do m\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenity.<\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u00e1 situace je i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ePA \u201epro v\u0161echny\u201c: aktivn\u00ed nejsou ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed, ale ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u00fa\u010dastnit necht\u011bj\u00ed, jsou nuceni jednat. Tento princip m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro mnoh\u00e9 pohodln\u00fd, ale z pohledu kritick\u00e9ho ob\u010dana je problematick\u00fd. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed toti\u017e odpov\u011bdnost z poskytovatele na u\u017eivatele - a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 tich\u00fd souhlas tam, kde by ve skute\u010dnosti bylo nutn\u00e9 v\u011bdom\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed a miln\u00edky ePA<\/h2>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed verze ePA byla k dispozici od 1. ledna 2021 - ale pouze na v\u00fdslovnou \u017e\u00e1dost poji\u0161t\u011bnce. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se pro ni aktivn\u011b rozhodli, si mohli nechat vytvo\u0159it ePA prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny a ukl\u00e1dat do n\u011bj prvotn\u00ed dokumenty, jako jsou dopisy od l\u00e9ka\u0159e nebo rentgenov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky. P\u0159\u00edstup l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b rovn\u011b\u017e mo\u017en\u00fd pouze se souhlasem - v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b na \u00farovni dokument\u016f. Ji\u017e v t\u00e9to ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi se v\u0161ak projevily prvn\u00ed nedostatky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mnoh\u00e9 praxe je\u0161t\u011b nebyly technicky propojeny,<\/li>\n<li>u\u017eivatelsk\u00e1 rozhran\u00ed byla nekonzistentn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>a dokonce i oddan\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 si st\u011b\u017eovali na nesrozumiteln\u00e9 procesy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed verze ePA nav\u00edc nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat bez kompatibiln\u00edho chytr\u00e9ho telefonu nebo nov\u00e9ho pr\u016fkazu toto\u017enosti s online funkc\u00ed. To p\u0159edstavovalo velkou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku, zejm\u00e9na pro star\u0161\u00ed osoby nebo technicky m\u00e9n\u011b zdatn\u00e9 pacienty. Slibovan\u00e9 v\u00fdhody - jako nap\u0159\u00edklad bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e1 dostupnost n\u00e1lez\u016f p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159e - bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ve skute\u010dnosti realizovat jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Zaveden\u00ed verze 3.0 - \u201eePA pro v\u0161echny\u201c<\/h3>\n<p>Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed digitalizace zdravotnictv\u00ed v roce 2023 je rozvoj tzv. <a href=\"https:\/\/fachportal.gematik.de\/anwendungen\/elektronische-patientenakte-fuer-alle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ePA 3.0 pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho<\/strong><\/a> se posouv\u00e1 vp\u0159ed. Tato verze se m\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvat plo\u0161n\u011b od 1. ledna 2025 - a bude nastavena automaticky pro v\u0161echny poji\u0161t\u011bnce, pokud nebude vznesena n\u00e1mitka. Hlavn\u00ed rysy t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 generace:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pln\u011b automatick\u00fd p\u0159enos dat<\/strong>L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 ordinace a nemocnice ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fadaje p\u0159\u00edmo do ePA - ani\u017e by je pacient musel v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jednotliv\u011b potvrzovat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interoperabilita<\/strong>V budoucnu by tak\u00e9 m\u011bla b\u00fdt usnadn\u011bna v\u00fdm\u011bna dokument\u016f a \u00fadaj\u016f mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi organizacemi.<br \/>\nCentralizovan\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat: ePA je ulo\u017eeno v certifikovan\u00fdch datov\u00fdch centrech - na serverech provozovan\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed gematik nebo jej\u00edmi partnery.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/strong>V budoucnu by se \u00fadaje v r\u00e1mci ePA mohly pou\u017e\u00edvat tak\u00e9 pro hodnocen\u00ed, v\u00fdzkum nebo automatizovanou podporu l\u00e9\u010dby - \u00fadajn\u011b pouze anonymizovan\u00e9, ale t\u00edm diskuse o skute\u010dn\u00e9 anonymit\u011b nekon\u010d\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu u\u017eivatel\u016f je v\u0161ak nemo\u017en\u00e9 zjistit, kde p\u0159esn\u011b se jejich data nach\u00e1zej\u00ed, kdo k nim m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup a jak\u00e9 procesy b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na pozad\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-3437\" src=\"http:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/epa-zeitverlauf.jpg\" alt=\"Elektronick\u00e1 slo\u017eka pacienta: \u010casov\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/epa-zeitverlauf.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/epa-zeitverlauf-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/epa-zeitverlauf-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/epa-zeitverlauf-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Povinnosti poskytovatel\u016f slu\u017eeb<\/h2>\n<p>Zaveden\u00ed ePA 3.0 zm\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nejen pro pacienty, ale tak\u00e9 pro l\u00e9ka\u0159e, l\u00e9k\u00e1rny a nemocnice. V budoucnu budou m\u00edt povinnost aktivn\u011b vkl\u00e1dat do syst\u00e9mu ePA p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fadaje. To zahrnuje nap\u0159.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diagn\u00f3zy<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e9kov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1lezy a dopisy l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f<\/li>\n<li>O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Informace o hospitalizaci<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tato povinnost je upravena z\u00e1konem a bude platit tak\u00e9 od 1. ledna 2025. Poskytovatel\u00e9 slu\u017eeb, kte\u0159\u00ed ji odm\u00edtnou splnit, mus\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtat se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm odm\u011bny nebo jin\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky. Gematik k tomu poskytuje technick\u00e9 standardy a rozhran\u00ed - ne v\u0161echny organizace jsou v\u0161ak na to p\u0159ipraveny.<\/p>\n<p>To vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nejistotu i na stran\u011b ordinac\u00ed: nejen proto, \u017ee se zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1ro\u010dnost, ale tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i jsou sotva schopni informovat sv\u00e9 pacienty o syst\u00e9mu, proto\u017ee se s n\u00edm mus\u00ed nejprve sezn\u00e1mit. Ve skute\u010dnosti tak vznik\u00e1 n\u00e1tlakov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na obou stran\u00e1ch - s nejasnou kontrolou a omezenou transparentnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Pr\u00e1va poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch osob: prohl\u00eddka, kontrola a odstoupen\u00ed od smlouvy<\/h3>\n<p>Podle z\u00e1kona by elektronick\u00e1 dokumentace pacienta m\u011bla pat\u0159it poji\u0161t\u011bnci - ne zdravotn\u00edm poji\u0161\u0165ovn\u00e1m, ne l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm a ne gematiku. Ve skute\u010dnosti na to m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo ka\u017ed\u00fd poji\u0161t\u011bnec,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zobrazit v\u0161echna data ulo\u017een\u00e1 v EPR,<\/li>\n<li>kontrolovat p\u0159\u00edstup t\u0159et\u00edch stran,<\/li>\n<li>odstranit jednotliv\u00e9 polo\u017eky<\/li>\n<li>a dokonce deaktivovat nebo trvale uzav\u0159\u00edt cel\u00fd soubor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Praxe v\u0161ak ukazuje jin\u00fd obr\u00e1zek: Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed, \u010dasto nevid\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd p\u0159ehled, ale nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na technick\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, r\u016fzn\u00e1 rozhran\u00ed aplikac\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovn\u011b a \u010dasto \u0161patnou pou\u017eitelnost. Tak\u00e9 slibovan\u00e1 kontrola dokument\u016f na individu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni - tj. mo\u017enost p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit, kter\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 m\u016f\u017ee co vid\u011bt - je slo\u017eit\u00e1 a pro mnoh\u00e9 neintuitivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed bod: i kdy\u017e jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fadaje vymaz\u00e1ny, nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda a v jak\u00e9m rozsahu je ji\u017e st\u00e1hli l\u00e9ka\u0159i, kliniky nebo jin\u00e9 organizace. A\u010dkoli z\u00e1kon stanov\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fadaje mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity pouze pro \u00fa\u010dely l\u00e9\u010dby, neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e1 sledovatelnost. Pr\u00e1va teoreticky existuj\u00ed, ale v praxi je n\u011bkdy obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je vym\u00e1hat.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Pr\u016fzkum t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ozn\u00e1men\u00e9ho digit\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fkazu toto\u017enosti<\/h3>\n<div class='bootstrap-yop yop-poll-mc'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"basic-yop-poll-container\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff; border:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:0px 5px;\" data-id=\"4\" data-temp=\"basic-pretty\" data-skin=\"square\" data-cscheme=\"blue\" data-cap=\"0\" data-access=\"guest\" data-tid=\"\" data-uid=\"eb9fba86b08d699349e8748b2ab246d3\" data-pid=\"2920\" data-resdet=\"votes-number,percentages\" data-show-results-to=\"guest\" data-show-results-moment=\"after-vote\" data-show-results-only=\"false\" data-show-message=\"true\" data-show-results-as=\"bar\" data-sort-results-by=\"as-defined\" data-sort-results-rule=\"asc\"data-is-ended=\"0\" data-percentages-decimals=\"2\" data-gdpr=\"no\" data-gdpr-sol=\"consent\" data-css=\"\" data-counter=\"0\" data-load-with=\"1\" data-notification-section=\"top\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"basic-inner\"><div class=\"basic-message hide\" style=\"border-left: 10px solid #008000; padding: 0px 10px;\" data-error=\"#ff0000\" data-success=\"#008000\"><p class=\"basic-message-text\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"basic-overlay hide\"><div class=\"basic-vote-options\"><\/div><div class=\"basic-preloader\"><div class=\"basic-windows8\"><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_1\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_2\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_3\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_4\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_5\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><form class=\"basic-form\" action=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"1c00e8e57e\" autocomplete=\"off\"><div class=\"basic-elements\"><div class=\"basic-element basic-question basic-question-text-vertical\" data-id=\"4\" data-uid=\"8d6f101a29034d884b52b67fd7b0791b\" data-type=\"question\" data-question-type=\"text\" data-required=\"yes\" data-allow-multiple=\"no\" data-min=\"1\" data-max=\"1\" data-display=\"vertical\" data-colnum=\"\" data-display-others=\"no\" data-others-color=\"\" data-others=\"\" data-others-max-chars=\"0\"><div class=\"basic-question-title\"><h5 style=\"color:#000000; font-size:16px; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;\">Souhlasili byste s centralizovanou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identitou na \u00farovni EU?<\/h5><\/div><ul class=\"basic-answers\"><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"14\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"7\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[14]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[14]\" name=\"answer[4]\" value=\"14\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Ano, pokud je to bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a dobrovoln\u00e9<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"15\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"10\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[15]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[15]\" name=\"answer[4]\" value=\"15\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Pouze pokud nen\u00ed propojen s jin\u00fdmi \u00fadaji<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"16\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"123\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[16]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[16]\" name=\"answer[4]\" value=\"16\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Ne, to z\u00e1sadn\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1m.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"59\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"3\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[59]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[59]\" name=\"answer[4]\" value=\"59\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Co je to \"centr\u00e1ln\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identita\"?<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-vote\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"button basic-vote-button\" role=\"button\" style=\"background:#027bb8; border:0px; border-style: solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:10px 10px; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\">Hlasujte na<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"cs\"\/><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>N\u00e1mitka nebo opt-out: Kdo, jak a na jak dlouho?<\/h2>\n<p>Od zaveden\u00ed tzv. \"opt-out procedury\" pro ePA 3.0:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo je povinn\u011b zdravotn\u011b poji\u0161t\u011bn, automaticky obdr\u017e\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed soubor - pokud proti tomu aktivn\u011b nevznese n\u00e1mitku. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1mitka by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pod\u00e1na p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm automatick\u00e9ho pln\u011bn\u00ed, tj. p\u0159ed 1. lednem 2025. Zde je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9:<\/p>\n<p>Pokud pozd\u011bji vznesete n\u00e1mitku, m\u016f\u017eete ePA p\u0159estat pou\u017e\u00edvat, ale ji\u017e ulo\u017een\u00e9 \u00fadaje mohou b\u00fdt zachov\u00e1ny, pokud nebudou aktivn\u011b vymaz\u00e1ny. A\u010dkoli \"zp\u011btn\u00e9 zru\u0161en\u00ed\" je stanoveno z\u00e1konem, implementace v syst\u00e9mech zdravotn\u00edch poji\u0161\u0165oven je \u010dasto nep\u0159esn\u00e1 nebo netransparentn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Samotn\u00e1 n\u00e1mitka nen\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u011b regulov\u00e1na. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovna nab\u00edz\u00ed vlastn\u00ed postupy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obvykle online prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 <strong>Z\u00e1kaznick\u00fd port\u00e1l<\/strong> - ale \u010dasto pouze s p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm a dvoufaktorov\u00fdm ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm,<\/li>\n<li>nebo p\u00edsemn\u011b <strong>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek nebo formul\u00e1\u0159<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V m\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsem se musel v\u00fdslovn\u011b p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit do z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu, vyhledat funkci a pot\u00e9 ji potvrdit pomoc\u00ed TAN nebo hesla. To vy\u017eaduje nejen technick\u00e9 znalosti, ale tak\u00e9 \u010das a pozornost - v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na star\u0161\u00ed nebo m\u00e9n\u011b digit\u00e1ln\u011b zdatn\u00ed lid\u00e9 ji\u017e \u010dasto nejsou schopni zvl\u00e1dnout.<\/p>\n<p>Transparentn\u00ed informace p\u0159edem? V\u016fbec ne. Mnoho poji\u0161t\u011bnc\u016f se pouze n\u00e1hodn\u011b, ze zpr\u00e1v v m\u00e9di\u00edch nebo z rozhovor\u016f se zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi dozv\u00ed, \u017ee mus\u00ed vzn\u00e9st n\u00e1mitku, pokud spis necht\u011bj\u00ed. Ze strany zdravotn\u00edch poji\u0161\u0165oven neexistuje povinnost aktivn\u011b poskytovat informace v dostate\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>V praxi: registrace, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, probl\u00e9my<\/h3>\n<p>Pokud chcete ePA aktivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat, mus\u00edte si obvykle st\u00e1hnout aplikaci od sv\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny - nap\u0159. \u201eMeine DAK\u201c, \u201eTK-App\u201c nebo \u201eePA-App der AOK\u201c. Tyto aplikace obsahuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 oblasti k elektronick\u00e9 kartot\u00e9ce pacienta a nab\u00edzej\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zobrazen\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00fdch dokument\u016f (PDF, z\u00e1znamy, l\u00e9kov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny atd.)<\/li>\n<li>Sd\u00edlen\u00ed dokument\u016f s o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edmi l\u00e9ka\u0159i<\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1va p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Registrace prob\u00edh\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm osobn\u00edho online \u00fa\u010dtu - obvykle s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u010c\u00edslo poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>Heslo,<\/li>\n<li>a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech nov\u00fd pr\u016fkaz toto\u017enosti s aktivovanou funkc\u00ed online ID (eID).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u010casto se tak\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje dvoufaktorov\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm SMS-TAN nebo potvrzen\u00ed aplikac\u00ed. Pro mnoho u\u017eivatel\u016f je tento proces technicky p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee \u010dasto neexistuje centr\u00e1ln\u00ed platforma, ale mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 kvality.<\/p>\n<p>Integrace nen\u00ed standardizovan\u00e1 ani na stran\u011b poskytovatel\u016f slu\u017eeb - tj. l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, klinik a l\u00e9k\u00e1ren. P\u0159esto\u017ee od roku 2025 existuje povinnost zad\u00e1vat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fadaje do ePA, technick\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed mnoha ordinac\u00ed je st\u00e1le nejednotn\u00e9. Chyb\u00ed \u0161kolen\u00ed, rozhran\u00ed, koncepce ochrany \u00fadaj\u016f - a \u010dasto tak\u00e9 \u010das. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno: my\u0161lenka je skv\u011bl\u00e1, ambice vysok\u00e9 - ale ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot ukazuje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mnoho pacient\u016f nev\u00ed, jak pou\u017e\u00edvat ePA.<\/li>\n<li>Mnoho l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f nem\u00e1 \u010das je spr\u00e1vn\u011b vyplnit.<\/li>\n<li>A mnoh\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny funguj\u00ed technicky a komunika\u010dn\u011b nekoordinovan\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_AWw0ME1o94c\"><div id=\"lyte_AWw0ME1o94c\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FAWw0ME1o94c%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/AWw0ME1o94c\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FAWw0ME1o94c%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nNejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace v elektronick\u00e9m souboru pacienta: Rozhovor s hackery ePA | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.heise.de\/ct\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heise &amp; c't<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Potenci\u00e1l: \u010deho by mohla ePA dos\u00e1hnout<\/h2>\n<p>Nebylo by poctiv\u00e9 poukazovat pouze na slabiny elektronick\u00e9 dokumentace pacienta, ani\u017e bychom uvedli tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt spojeny s promy\u0161len\u00fdm zaveden\u00edm elektronick\u00e9 dokumentace pacienta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lep\u0161\u00ed informovanost v nouzov\u00fdch situac\u00edch<\/strong>Pokud m\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159 na pohotovosti p\u0159\u00edstup k aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm diagn\u00f3z\u00e1m, l\u00e9k\u016fm nebo p\u0159edchoz\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, m\u016f\u017ee to zachr\u00e1nit \u017eivot.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu duplicitn\u00edch vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>Pokud jsou rentgenov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky nebo laboratorn\u00ed hodnoty k dispozici centr\u00e1ln\u011b, nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 je shroma\u017e\u010fovat opakovan\u011b - to \u0161et\u0159\u00ed \u010das, pen\u00edze a zdroje.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zlep\u0161en\u00e1 chronologie chronicky nemocn\u00fdch pacient\u016f<\/strong>ePA by mohla pomoci rychleji rozpoznat korelace, zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Budouc\u00ed technologie<\/strong>Standardizovan\u00e1 struktura dat je p\u0159edpokladem pro smyslupln\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed anal\u00fdz podporovan\u00fdch um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed nebo personalizovan\u00e9 terapie v budoucnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Spr\u00e1vn\u011b koncipovan\u00fd a d\u016fsledn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd ePA by mohl b\u00fdt dlouhodobou l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pam\u011bt\u00ed - nejen pro l\u00e9ka\u0159e, ale i pro pacienty, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed historii a m\u00edt ji pod kontrolou.<\/p>\n<h3>Rizika: Ochrana \u00fadaj\u016f, zneu\u017eit\u00ed, nedostatky v transparentnosti<\/h3>\n<p>Skute\u010dnost je v\u0161ak slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Digitalizace l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f toti\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed i nov\u00e1 rizika:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/digitalni-identita-eu-propojuje-kontrolu-a-riziko-v-kazdodennim-zivote\/\"><strong>Centralizace citliv\u00fdch informac\u00ed<\/strong><\/a> v\u017edy vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 plochy. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce dat se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na jednom m\u00edst\u011b, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je jejich atraktivita - nejen pro hackery, ale tak\u00e9 pro hr\u00e1\u010de s komer\u010dn\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dadajnou anonymizaci zdravotn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, nelze v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech s jistotou ov\u011b\u0159it. Na adrese . <strong>Rekonstruovatelnost osobn\u00edch profil\u016f<\/strong> na z\u00e1klad\u011b kombinac\u00ed (v\u011bk, m\u00edsto bydli\u0161t\u011b, vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed atd.) z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Netransparentn\u00ed postup odhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong> p\u0159en\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost ze syst\u00e9mu na ob\u010dany. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo aktivn\u011b neprotestuje, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za souhlas\u00edc\u00edho - i kdy\u017e t\u0159eba nikdy nebyl \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b informov\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Technick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti<\/strong>ePA je v cloudu a provozuj\u00ed ji partne\u0159i spole\u010dnosti gematik - \u010dasto soukrom\u011b organizovan\u00ed. Co se stane, kdy\u017e poskytovatel sel\u017ee nebo je p\u0159evzat? Kdo nese odpov\u011bdnost v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00faniku dat?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee v budoucnu se objev\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edch stran nebo korporac\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v oblasti farmaceutick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu nebo poji\u0161\u0165ovnictv\u00ed. I kdy\u017e je sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup omezen z\u00e1konem, historie ukazuje, \u017ee po\u017eadavky na ochranu \u00fadaj\u016f se mohou v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu m\u011bnit - \u010dasto potichu a v tichosti.<\/p>\n<h2>Kdo m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt z elektronick\u00e9 dokumentace pacienta prosp\u011bch?<\/h2>\n<p>Pro lidi se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi nebo chronick\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi m\u016f\u017ee elektronick\u00fd z\u00e1znam pacienta (EPR) skute\u010dn\u011b nab\u00eddnout skute\u010dnou p\u0159idanou hodnotu. Vezm\u011bme si nap\u0159\u00edklad pacienty, kte\u0159\u00ed se pravideln\u011b l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed u n\u011bkolika specialist\u016f, na klinik\u00e1ch nebo v rehabilita\u010dn\u00edch centrech: Pokud jsou n\u00e1lezy, pl\u00e1ny medikace, zpr\u00e1vy z nemocnice a dopisy l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f ulo\u017eeny centr\u00e1ln\u011b a o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i nebo terapeuti je mohou kontrolovan\u011b vyhled\u00e1vat, znateln\u011b to zlep\u0161uje kontinuitu l\u00e9\u010dby. Studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b ve sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, kdy se shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed dokumenty, vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed se data mezi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi a nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 situace s rychl\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k informac\u00edm, se ePA vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nejv\u00edce.<\/p>\n<p>Zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je t\u0159eba se vyhnout opakov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy se vyskytnou neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti nebo kdy je t\u0159eba pe\u010dliv\u011b koordinovat ur\u010dit\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ePA - pokud se spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 - skute\u010dnou \u00falevou. Centralizovan\u00fd soubor poskytuje spolehliv\u00fd p\u0159ehled tak\u00e9 lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dasto cestuj\u00ed nebo se \u010dasto pohybuj\u00ed mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdmi ordinacemi.<\/p>\n<h3>Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ePA<\/h3>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Osoba \/ situace<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Popis<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdhody ePA<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\"><strong>Chronicky nemocn\u00ed pacienti u n\u011bkolika specialist\u016f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">O pacienta s cukrovkou, vysok\u00fdm krevn\u00edm tlakem a srde\u010dn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my se star\u00e1 praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159, kardiolog a diabetolog.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Centralizovan\u00e1 dokumentace zabra\u0148uje duplicitn\u00edm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm, usnad\u0148uje slad\u011bn\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f a informace o mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\"><strong>Pacient s rakovinou podstupuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Pacient dost\u00e1v\u00e1 chemoterapii a n\u00e1slednou p\u00e9\u010di na r\u016fzn\u00fdch klinik\u00e1ch.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">V\u0161echny n\u00e1lezy a laboratorn\u00ed hodnoty jsou rychle k dispozici, co\u017e zlep\u0161uje koordinaci a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed postupu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\"><strong>Cestuj\u00edc\u00ed nebo mobiln\u00ed profesion\u00e1lov\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Osoba, kter\u00e1 \u010dasto cestuje za prac\u00ed a mus\u00ed nav\u0161t\u011bvovat l\u00e9ka\u0159e v r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u011bstech.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">L\u00e9ka\u0159i maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u0159edchoz\u00edm n\u00e1lez\u016fm, a to i mimo sv\u00e9 domovsk\u00e9 m\u011bsto.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Pro\u010d m\u00e1 ePA pro ostatn\u00ed jen omezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos<\/h2>\n<p>Na druhou stranu pro poji\u0161t\u011bnce, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ve stabiln\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm stavu, vy\u017eaduj\u00ed jen malou p\u00e9\u010di n\u011bkolika odbornost\u00ed a jejich\u017e l\u00e9\u010dba je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00e1, nemus\u00ed m\u00edt zaveden\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed dokumentace jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody - a m\u016f\u017ee v sob\u011b skr\u00fdvat i nev\u00fdhody. Pokud nen\u00ed nutn\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna dat nebo dokument\u016f, nen\u00ed do n\u00ed zapojeno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00edce z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran a vlastn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed historie pacienta je jasn\u00e1, pak jsou centralizovan\u00e9 soubory sp\u00ed\u0161e infrastrukturou, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje v\u00edce \u00fasil\u00ed ne\u017e u\u017eitku: Registrace, p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v, p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed procesy, \u00fadr\u017eba dat.<\/p>\n<p>U t\u011bchto osob se tak\u00e9 zvy\u0161uje riziko, \u017ee citliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje budou ulo\u017eeny centr\u00e1ln\u011b, ani\u017e by byly skute\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b - riziko nedostatk\u016f v p\u0159\u00edstupu, nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed nebo ne\u00famysln\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu \u00fadaj\u016f se zvy\u0161uje v pom\u011bru ke skute\u010dn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00ednosu. Odborn\u00edci na ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee na centralizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m soubor\u016f je t\u0159eba nahl\u00ed\u017eet kriti\u010dt\u011bji, zejm\u00e9na pokud je jeho praktick\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos mal\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 30px;\">P\u0159\u00edklady osob s mal\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem pro ePA<\/h3>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Osoba \/ situace<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Popis<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">N\u00edzk\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos nebo riziko<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\"><strong>Zdrav\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd poji\u0161t\u011bnec<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">35let\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk bez chronick\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fd z\u0159\u00eddkakdy chod\u00ed k l\u00e9ka\u0159i.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fadaje, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u0159idan\u00e1 hodnota d\u00edky centralizovan\u00e9mu ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed - ale zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko ochrany dat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\"><strong>Senior bez digit\u00e1ln\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Star\u0161\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bnec, kter\u00fd nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 chytr\u00fd telefon a nem\u016f\u017ee se zaregistrovat online.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Technick\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 kontrola nad daty, z\u00e1vislost na t\u0159et\u00edch stran\u00e1ch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\"><strong>Pacienti citliv\u00ed na \u00fadaje nebo pacienti s vlastn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed si rad\u011bji ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed sv\u00e9 dokumenty sami a cht\u011bj\u00ed m\u00edt p\u0159ehled.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc;\">Ztr\u00e1ta suverenity dat, ned\u016fv\u011bra v cloudov\u00e9 struktury a nejasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>V\u00fdhled: Kam syst\u00e9m sm\u011b\u0159uje?<\/h2>\n<p>Nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed roky budou rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro to, zda se elektronick\u00e1 elektronick\u00e1 dohoda o ochran\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f stane u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, nebo byrokratick\u00fdm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm rizikem. Politick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly jsou jasn\u00e9: digitalizace je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed - a to rychle. Rychlost v\u0161ak nenahrad\u00ed pe\u010dlivost. Ot\u00e1zky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nezodpov\u011bzeny:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bude existovat centralizovan\u00fd p\u0159ehled o tom, kdo a kdy z\u00edskal p\u0159\u00edstup k jak\u00fdm \u00fadaj\u016fm?<\/li>\n<li>Stane se opt-out normou i pro dal\u0161\u00ed projekty?<\/li>\n<li>Budou n\u011bkdy \u00fadaje o zdravotnictv\u00ed propojeny s dal\u0161\u00edmi vl\u00e1dn\u00edmi zdroji dat (dan\u011b, pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby)?<\/li>\n<li>Jak dlouho bude rozpor v\u016fbec mo\u017en\u00fd? Bude v tichosti zru\u0161en?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To, co je dnes je\u0161t\u011b dobrovoln\u00e9, se z\u00edtra m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t podm\u00ednkou pro bonusov\u00e9 programy, pojistn\u00e9 smlouvy nebo \u00fahradu n\u00e1klad\u016f na terapii. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de by tak mohla b\u00fdt ml\u010dky spojena s podm\u00ednkami \u00fa\u010dasti, kter\u00e9 dnes mnoz\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b pova\u017euj\u00ed za nemysliteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1v\u011br a doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo pracuje s elektronick\u00fdmi z\u00e1znamy pacient\u016f, si rychle uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee nejde jen o technologii, ale i o d\u016fv\u011bru. Jde o transparentnost, o sebeur\u010den\u00ed, o rovnov\u00e1hu mezi ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem a osobn\u00ed suverenitou. Stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/digitalni-euro-prichazi-co-to-znamena-co-nesmi-delat-a-co-by-mohlo-delat\/\">Zaveden\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho eura<\/a> nem\u011bli byste v\u0161e jen tak lehce p\u0159ijmout nebo se s t\u00edm sm\u00ed\u0159it.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e1m jsem se rozhodl tomuto syst\u00e9mu slep\u011b ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat - ne z technofobie, ale z \u00facty k vlastn\u00ed historii, soukrom\u00ed a v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee kontrola nad daty je cenn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud i vy uva\u017eujete o n\u00e1mitk\u00e1ch proti syst\u00e9mu, va\u0161e zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovna v\u00e1m poskytne vhodn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti - \u010dasto je v\u0161ak mus\u00edte aktivn\u011b vyhledat.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-699 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-small-grid-column: 33.33%;--dpt-large-grid-column: 33.3333333333%;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 10px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-699 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o z\u00e1konech EU<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-699\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-grid1 multi-col dpt-mason-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"elektronische rechnungen im mittelstand: xrechnung, zugferd und erp im \u00dcberblick\" data-id=\"3135\"  data-category=\"apple macos filemaker &amp; erp\" data-post_tag=\"datenbanken erp-software eu-gesetze filemaker gfm-business prozesse\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/elektronicka-fakturace-v-malych-a-strednich-podnicich-xrechnung-zugferd-a-erp-v-kostce\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Elektronick\u00e9 faktury pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky: XRechnung, ZUGFeRD a ERP v kostce<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"P\u0159ehled povinnosti vystavovat elektronick\u00e9 faktury\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elektronische-rechnungen-erp.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elektronische-rechnungen-erp.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elektronische-rechnungen-erp-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elektronische-rechnungen-erp-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elektronische-rechnungen-erp-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/elektronicka-fakturace-v-malych-a-strednich-podnicich-xrechnung-zugferd-a-erp-v-kostce\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Elektronick\u00e9 faktury pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky: XRechnung, ZUGFeRD a ERP v kostce<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"regelbasierte weltordnung und v\u00f6lkerrecht: zwischen anspruch, realit\u00e4t und rechtsbruch\" data-id=\"4275\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/svetovy-rad-zalozeny-na-pravidlech-a-mezinarodni-pravo-mezi-realitou-a-porusovanim-prava\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd na pravidlech a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo: mezi tvrzen\u00edm, skute\u010dnost\u00ed a poru\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00e1va<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a sv\u011btov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd na pravidlech\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/voelkerrecht-weltordnung-titel.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/voelkerrecht-weltordnung-titel.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/voelkerrecht-weltordnung-titel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/voelkerrecht-weltordnung-titel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/voelkerrecht-weltordnung-titel-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/svetovy-rad-zalozeny-na-pravidlech-a-mezinarodni-pravo-mezi-realitou-a-porusovanim-prava\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd na pravidlech a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo: mezi tvrzen\u00edm, skute\u010dnost\u00ed a poru\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"russland, nato und die angst vor dem krieg: was sich belegen l\u00e4sst &#8211; und was nicht\" data-id=\"4801\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland energiepolitik eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/rusko-nato-a-strach-z-valky-co-lze-a-nelze-dokazat\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Rusko, NATO a strach z v\u00e1lky: co lze dok\u00e1zat - a co ne<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"NATO, Rusko a strach z v\u00e1lky\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/NATO-Russland.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/NATO-Russland.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/NATO-Russland-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/NATO-Russland-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/NATO-Russland-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/rusko-nato-a-strach-z-valky-co-lze-a-nelze-dokazat\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Rusko, NATO a strach z v\u00e1lky: co lze dok\u00e1zat - a co ne<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"die digitale id der eu: verkn\u00fcpfung, kontrolle und risiken im alltag\" data-id=\"3486\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft tipps &amp; anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"datenschutz eu-gesetze europa prozesse ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/digitalni-identita-eu-propojuje-kontrolu-a-riziko-v-kazdodennim-zivote\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ID EU: propojen\u00ed, kontrola a rizika v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ID EU\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/digitalni-identita-eu-propojuje-kontrolu-a-riziko-v-kazdodennim-zivote\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ID EU: propojen\u00ed, kontrola a rizika v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"energie, macht und abh\u00e4ngigkeit: europas weg vom exportweltmeister zum nachfrager\" data-id=\"4945\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle deutschland energiepolitik eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/energeticka-sila-a-zavislost-prechod-evropy-ze-svetoveho-exportniho-sampiona-na-spotrebitele\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Energie, moc a z\u00e1vislost: cesta Evropy od sv\u011btov\u00e9ho exportn\u00edho \u0161ampiona ke spot\u0159ebiteli<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Evropa a energie\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Europa-Energie.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Europa-Energie.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Europa-Energie-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Europa-Energie-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Europa-Energie-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/energeticka-sila-a-zavislost-prechod-evropy-ze-svetoveho-exportniho-sampiona-na-spotrebitele\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Energie, moc a z\u00e1vislost: cesta Evropy od sv\u011btov\u00e9ho exportn\u00edho \u0161ampiona ke spot\u0159ebiteli<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"cloud-act, datenhoheit und die schweiz: ein wendepunkt f\u00fcr europ\u00e4ische it-strategien?\" data-id=\"3727\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"datenbanken datenschutz digitales eigentum eu-gesetze europa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/suverenita-dat-v-ramci-cloudoveho-zakona-a-svycarsko-jako-bod-obratu-pro-evropske-strategie-v-oblasti-it\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">CLOUD Act, datov\u00e1 suverenita a \u0160v\u00fdcarsko: bod obratu pro evropsk\u00e9 IT strategie?<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Co znamen\u00e1 \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 usnesen\u00ed o cloudu pro Evropu?\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/suverenita-dat-v-ramci-cloudoveho-zakona-a-svycarsko-jako-bod-obratu-pro-evropske-strategie-v-oblasti-it\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">CLOUD Act, datov\u00e1 suverenita a \u0160v\u00fdcarsko: bod obratu pro evropsk\u00e9 IT strategie?<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se elektronick\u00e9 dokumentace pacienta<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Co je to vlastn\u011b elektronick\u00fd soubor pacienta?<\/strong><br \/>\nElektronick\u00e1 dokumentace pacienta (ePA) je digit\u00e1ln\u00ed soubor zdravotnick\u00e9 dokumentace, kter\u00fd je ulo\u017een centr\u00e1ln\u011b. C\u00edlem je shrom\u00e1\u017edit informace, jako jsou n\u00e1lezy, diagn\u00f3zy, o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dopisy l\u00e9ka\u0159e, na jednom m\u00edst\u011b, aby k nim o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i m\u011bli kdykoli p\u0159\u00edstup - a aby pacienti m\u011bli lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehled o sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed historii.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Je ePA povinn\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 osoby?<\/strong><br \/>\nOd zaveden\u00ed \u201eePA pro v\u0161echny\u201c, kter\u00e9 bude platit od 1. ledna 2025, bude ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo je povinn\u011b zdravotn\u011b poji\u0161t\u011bn, automaticky dost\u00e1vat ePA - pokud proti tomu aktivn\u011b nevznese n\u00e1mitku. Jedn\u00e1 se tedy o model opt-out. Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo aktivn\u011b nevznese n\u00e1mitku, bude soubor zalo\u017een.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak mohu podat n\u00e1mitku u \u00fa\u0159adu EPO?<\/strong><br \/>\nN\u00e1mitku je t\u0159eba podat u sv\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny - obvykle prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm online port\u00e1lu nebo p\u00edsemn\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 poji\u0161\u0165ovny vy\u017eaduj\u00ed dvoufaktorovou autentizaci nebo pou\u017eit\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edho formul\u00e1\u0159e. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee n\u00e1mitka mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pod\u00e1na v\u010das p\u0159ed 1. lednem 2025, aby nedo\u0161lo k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed automatizovan\u00e9ho vypl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co se stane, kdy\u017e pozd\u011bji vznesu n\u00e1mitku?<\/strong><br \/>\nN\u00e1mitka po 1. lednu 2025 je st\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00e1, ale do t\u00e9 doby ji\u017e mohou b\u00fdt zdravotnick\u00e9 \u00fadaje ulo\u017eeny. Tyto \u00fadaje mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vymaz\u00e1ny ru\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e nen\u00ed v\u017edy transparentn\u00ed a snadn\u00e9. Zp\u011btn\u00e1 n\u00e1mitka je stanovena - z technick\u00e9ho hlediska v\u0161ak nen\u00ed v\u0161ude spolehliv\u011b provedena.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak\u00e9 \u00fadaje jsou ulo\u017eeny v ePA?<\/strong><br \/>\nPat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b: diagn\u00f3zy, dopisy od l\u00e9ka\u0159e, laboratorn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky, n\u00e1lezy, l\u00e9kov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny, o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, rentgenov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky a zpr\u00e1vy z nemocnice. Od roku 2025 budou l\u00e9ka\u0159i a dal\u0161\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 slu\u017eeb povinni tyto informace automaticky ukl\u00e1dat do ePA - pokud proti tomu pacient nevznese n\u00e1mitku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mohu s\u00e1m rozhodnout, kte\u0159\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i mohou co vid\u011bt?<\/strong><br \/>\nAno, teoreticky je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159id\u011blovat jemn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va - jin\u00fdmi slovy, m\u016f\u017eete jednotliv\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm p\u0159id\u011blovat nebo odeb\u00edrat p\u0159\u00edstup k ur\u010dit\u00fdm dokument\u016fm. V praxi je v\u0161ak toto \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dasto komplikovan\u00e9, technicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a nestandardizovan\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Je pro m\u011b jako pro pacienta pou\u017eit\u00ed ePA povinn\u00e9?<\/strong><br \/>\nNe - nikdo, kdo vznese n\u00e1mitku, soubor neobdr\u017e\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo chce ePA aktivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat, si jej mus\u00ed aktivovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm aplikace nebo online port\u00e1lu zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je dobrovoln\u00e9, ale model opt-out zvy\u0161uje tlak na pacienty, aby se aktivn\u011b rozhodli - a mnoz\u00ed si toho nejsou v\u011bdomi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak\u00e9 jsou teoretick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody ePA?<\/strong><br \/>\nCentralizovan\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it l\u00e9\u010dbu t\u00edm, \u017ee l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm umo\u017en\u00ed rychl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u0159edchoz\u00edm diagn\u00f3z\u00e1m nebo laboratorn\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm. To \u0161et\u0159\u00ed \u010das, zabra\u0148uje duplicitn\u00edm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm a m\u016f\u017ee zachr\u00e1nit \u017eivot, zejm\u00e9na v nal\u00e9hav\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak\u00e1 rizika ePA skr\u00fdv\u00e1?<\/strong><br \/>\nCentralizovan\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vysoce citliv\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f otev\u00edr\u00e1 rizika, jako jsou \u00fatoky hacker\u016f, naru\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti \u00fadaj\u016f, n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zm\u011bny z\u00e1kon\u016f nebo nejasn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edmi stranami. I kdy\u017e jsou \u00fadaje ofici\u00e1ln\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bny, st\u00e1le existuje riziko, \u017ee budou v d\u016fsledku politick\u00fdch, ekonomick\u00fdch nebo technick\u00fdch zm\u011bn pou\u017eity k jin\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kdo provozuje ePA technicky?<\/strong><br \/>\nTechnickou realizaci prov\u00e1d\u00ed spole\u010dnost gematik GmbH, kter\u00e1 pracuje jm\u00e9nem spolkov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, ale pod\u00edlej\u00ed se na n\u00ed tak\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 svazy a IT spole\u010dnosti. Ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat prob\u00edh\u00e1 v datov\u00fdch centrech certifikovan\u00fdch poskytovatel\u016f - v\u011bt\u0161inou soukrom\u00fdch poskytovatel\u016f slu\u017eeb, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed s gematikem uzav\u0159enou smlouvu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi opt-in a opt-out?<\/strong><br \/>\nPokud se p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00edte, mus\u00edte s \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed aktivn\u011b souhlasit. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b opt-out jste automaticky za\u0159azeni, pokud nevznesete n\u00e1mitku. Model ePA byl p\u016fvodn\u011b opt-in - s digit\u00e1ln\u00edm z\u00e1konem 2024 byl zm\u011bn\u011bn na opt-out. Tento obrat p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bnu syst\u00e9mu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d je odhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed problematick\u00e9?<\/strong><br \/>\nMnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9 si toti\u017e ani neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee mus\u00ed vzn\u00e9st n\u00e1mitku - a st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se tak sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd mo\u017en\u00e1 ani necht\u011bj\u00ed, ani\u017e by se jich n\u011bkdo ptal. Kdo ne\u010dte pravideln\u011b po\u0161tu od zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny, m\u00e1lokdy se p\u0159ihla\u0161uje nebo m\u00e1 technick\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed mo\u017enost volby - ani\u017e by si to uv\u011bdomoval.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mohu si EPO zalo\u017eit znovu pozd\u011bji, pokud dnes vznesu n\u00e1mitku?<\/strong><br \/>\nAno, to je mo\u017en\u00e9 kdykoli. Pokud si to pozd\u011bji rozmysl\u00edte, m\u016f\u017eete si nechat vytvo\u0159it ePA prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny. Nejedn\u00e1 se tedy o trval\u00e9 odstoupen\u00ed od smlouvy, ale o mo\u017enost \u00fa\u010dastnit se pozd\u011bji - pokud si to p\u0159ejete.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co se stane, kdy\u017e se do m\u00fdch dat n\u011bkdo nabour\u00e1?<\/strong><br \/>\nV p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00faniku dat hroz\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody: zdravotn\u00ed \u00fadaje jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00e9. Mohou b\u00fdt zneu\u017eity nap\u0159\u00edklad k vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, diskriminaci nebo c\u00edlen\u00e9 reklam\u011b. Kdo je odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za ochranu a jak je upravena n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody, nen\u00ed dosud z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska jasn\u011b vyjasn\u011bno.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed odborn\u00edci na ochranu \u00fadaj\u016f o ePA?<\/strong><br \/>\nMnoz\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci pro ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f postup odhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ost\u0159e kritizuj\u00ed a po\u017eaduj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed transparentnost, lep\u0161\u00ed informovanost poji\u0161t\u011bnc\u016f a technick\u00e1 zlep\u0161en\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed dokonce hovo\u0159\u00ed o \"protr\u017een\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ehrady\", nebo\u0165 se zde vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed precedens: Zdravotn\u00ed \u00fadaje jsou centralizovan\u00e9, povinn\u00e9 a bez aktivn\u00edho souhlasu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-700 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-700 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o um\u011bn\u00ed a kultu\u0159e<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-700\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"johann sebastian bach &#8211; ordnung, haltung und das fundament unserer musik\" data-id=\"5033\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland musik portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/johann-sebastian-bach-order-postoj-a-zaklad-nasi-hudby\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Johann Sebastian Bach - \u0159\u00e1d, postoj a z\u00e1klad na\u0161\u00ed hudby<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Johann Sebastian Bach Portr\u00e9t\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/johann-sebastian-bach-order-postoj-a-zaklad-nasi-hudby\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Johann Sebastian Bach - \u0159\u00e1d, postoj a z\u00e1klad na\u0161\u00ed hudby<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"wie war syrien vor dem krieg? wer regiert heute? was bedeutet das f\u00fcr gefl\u00fcchtete in deutschland?\" data-id=\"4628\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/jak-vypadala-syrie-pred-valkou-kdo-dnes-vladne-co-to-znamena-pro-uprchliky-v-nemecku\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Jak\u00e1 byla S\u00fdrie p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou? Kdo vl\u00e1dne dnes? Co to znamen\u00e1 pro uprchl\u00edky v N\u011bmecku?<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"S\u00fdrie a Dama\u0161ek\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Syrien-Damaskus.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Syrien-Damaskus.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Syrien-Damaskus-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Syrien-Damaskus-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Syrien-Damaskus-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/jak-vypadala-syrie-pred-valkou-kdo-dnes-vladne-co-to-znamena-pro-uprchliky-v-nemecku\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Jak\u00e1 byla S\u00fdrie p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou? Kdo vl\u00e1dne dnes? Co to znamen\u00e1 pro uprchl\u00edky v N\u011bmecku?<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"mehr als punk: nina hagen, cosma shiva und die kunst, sich nicht vereinnahmen zu lassen\" data-id=\"4521\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"auswandern deutschland erfahrungen europa krisen meinungsfreiheit musik portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/more-than-punk-nina-hagen-cosma-shiva-a-umeni-nenechat-se-strhnout\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">V\u00edce ne\u017e punk: Nina Hagen, Cosma Shiva a um\u011bn\u00ed nenechat se strhnout<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Portr\u00e9t Niny a Cosmy Shiva Hagenov\u00fdch\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nina-Cosma-Shiva-Hagen-Titel.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nina-Cosma-Shiva-Hagen-Titel.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nina-Cosma-Shiva-Hagen-Titel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nina-Cosma-Shiva-Hagen-Titel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nina-Cosma-Shiva-Hagen-Titel-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/more-than-punk-nina-hagen-cosma-shiva-a-umeni-nenechat-se-strhnout\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">V\u00edce ne\u017e punk: Nina Hagen, Cosma Shiva a um\u011bn\u00ed nenechat se strhnout<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"apple im wandel: fr\u00fche ger\u00e4te, eigene erfahrungen und eine ausstellung im ocm\" data-id=\"5480\"  data-category=\"allgemein apple iphone &amp; ipad apple macos hardware kunst &amp; kultur stories &amp; humor\" data-post_tag=\"apple erfahrungen filemaker mac prozesse publishing\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/03\/jablko-v-prechodu-early-devices-vlastni-zkusenosti-a-vystava-na-ocm\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Apple v p\u0159echodu: ran\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti a v\u00fdstava v OCM<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Apple Macintosh Classic a Colour Classic\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Apple-OCM-Titel.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Apple-OCM-Titel.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Apple-OCM-Titel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Apple-OCM-Titel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Apple-OCM-Titel-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/03\/jablko-v-prechodu-early-devices-vlastni-zkusenosti-a-vystava-na-ocm\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Apple v p\u0159echodu: ran\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti a v\u00fdstava v OCM<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Die elektronische Patientenakte, kurz ePA, ist eines der ambitioniertsten Digitalisierungsprojekte im deutschen Gesundheitswesen. Sie soll medizinische Informationen zentral b\u00fcndeln &#8211; von Befunden und Laborwerten \u00fcber Medikationspl\u00e4ne bis hin zu Impfungen und Krankenhausberichten. \u00c4rzte, Therapeuten, Apotheken und Patienten sollen dadurch besser miteinander vernetzt, Doppeluntersuchungen vermieden und die Behandlungsqualit\u00e4t verbessert werden. Was auf dem Papier modern und &#8230; <a title=\"Apple v p\u0159echodu: ran\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti a v\u00fdstava v OCM\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/03\/jablko-v-prechodu-early-devices-vlastni-zkusenosti-a-vystava-na-ocm\/\" aria-label=\"\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce o Apple v p\u0159echodu: ran\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti a v\u00fdstava v OCM\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3417,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":274,"footnotes":""},"categories":[466,456,4],"tags":[469,470,447,442,448],"class_list":["post-3412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gesellschaft","category-gesundheit","category-tipps-anleitungen","tag-datenschutz","tag-eu-gesetze","tag-gesundheit","tag-prozesse","tag-ratgeber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3412"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5703,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3412\/revisions\/5703"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}