{"id":4550,"date":"2026-01-24T07:02:05","date_gmt":"2026-01-24T07:02:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/?p=4550"},"modified":"2026-04-22T15:40:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T15:40:31","slug":"je-zabijeni-bez-dustojnosti-strizlivou-otazkou-o-vrazdeni-teroru-a-valce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/je-zabijeni-bez-dustojnosti-strizlivou-otazkou-o-vrazdeni-teroru-a-valce\/","title":{"rendered":"Je zab\u00edjen\u00ed ned\u016fstojn\u00e9? St\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka o vra\u017ed\u011b, teroru a v\u00e1lce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u017dijeme v neklidn\u00e9 dob\u011b. V\u00e1lka, teror, n\u00e1sil\u00ed - to v\u0161e je op\u011bt velmi aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Ve zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch, v politick\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch, v kulo\u00e1rn\u00edch rozhovorech. Rozhoduje se o v\u00e1lce a m\u00edru, \u010dasto rychle, \u010dasto s velkou rozhodnost\u00ed. P\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed se argumenty, zva\u017euj\u00ed se, zd\u016fvod\u0148uj\u00ed. A p\u0159esto ve mn\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit znepokojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ne proto, \u017ee bych v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee je v\u0161echno snadn\u00e9, nebo \u017ee bych snil o sv\u011bt\u011b bez konflikt\u016f. Ale proto, \u017ee jsem si v\u0161iml, jak z\u0159\u00eddka je polo\u017eena velmi konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka. Ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed ani pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, ani vojensk\u00e1. Ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 se nept\u00e1 na vinu nebo spravedlnost, ale na n\u011bco podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho. Tato ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed: Co ud\u011bl\u00e1 s \u010dlov\u011bkem, kdy\u017e zabije jin\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka?<\/p>\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je pokusem polo\u017eit tuto ot\u00e1zku klidn\u011b a st\u0159\u00edzliv\u011b - bez obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, bez mor\u00e1ln\u00edho patosu a bez instrumentalizace sou\u010dasn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<!--more--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-611 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-611 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky sou\u010dasnosti<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-611\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"digitales geld verstehen: bitcoin, stablecoins und cbdcs einfach erkl\u00e4rt\" data-id=\"4211\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"datenschutz digitales eigentum eu-gesetze europa geopolitik spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/porozumeni-digitalnim-penezum-bitcoin-stablecoins-a-cbdcs-vysvetleno-jednoduse\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Porozum\u011bn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edm pen\u011bz\u016fm: Bitcoin, stablecoiny a CBDC vysv\u011btleny jednodu\u0161e<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"558\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"CBDC, kryptom\u011bny a stablecoiny\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cbcd-kryptos-coins-tokens.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cbcd-kryptos-coins-tokens.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cbcd-kryptos-coins-tokens-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cbcd-kryptos-coins-tokens-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cbcd-kryptos-coins-tokens-18x10.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/porozumeni-digitalnim-penezum-bitcoin-stablecoins-a-cbdcs-vysvetleno-jednoduse\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Porozum\u011bn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edm pen\u011bz\u016fm: Bitcoin, stablecoiny a CBDC vysv\u011btleny jednodu\u0161e<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"fracking, lng und energiepolitik: eine n\u00fcchterne analyse von risiken, chancen und realit\u00e4t\" data-id=\"5579\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft gesundheit\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland energiepolitik europa geopolitik krisen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/04\/fracking-lng-a-energeticka-politika-strizliva-analyza-rizik-prilezitosti-a-reality\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Fracking, LNG a energetick\u00e1 politika: st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1 anal\u00fdza rizik, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed a reality<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\u0160t\u011bpen\u00ed zemn\u00edho plynu a energetick\u00e1 politika\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fracking-Energiepolitik.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fracking-Energiepolitik.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fracking-Energiepolitik-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fracking-Energiepolitik-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fracking-Energiepolitik-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/04\/fracking-lng-a-energeticka-politika-strizliva-analyza-rizik-prilezitosti-a-reality\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Fracking, LNG a energetick\u00e1 politika: st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1 anal\u00fdza rizik, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed a reality<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz: welche jobs in gefahr sind, und wie wir uns jetzt wappnen k\u00f6nnen\" data-id=\"2940\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher gesellschaft ki-systeme\" data-post_tag=\"buch k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz llama llm mistral mlx ollama ratgeber sprachmodell\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/umela-inteligence-ktera-pracovni-mista-jsou-ohrozena-a-jak-se-muzeme-vyzbrojit\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence: kter\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta jsou ohro\u017eena a jak se m\u016f\u017eeme vyzbrojit hned te\u010f<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Kter\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta budou v budoucnu zru\u0161ena um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed?\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/umela-inteligence-ktera-pracovni-mista-jsou-ohrozena-a-jak-se-muzeme-vyzbrojit\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence: kter\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta jsou ohro\u017eena a jak se m\u016f\u017eeme vyzbrojit hned te\u010f<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"elektroauto, hybrid und e-roller: eine realistische betrachtung jenseits der ideologie\" data-id=\"4255\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft tipps &amp; anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"energiepolitik erfahrungen prozesse ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/elektromobil-hybrid-a-skutr-e-realisticky-pohled-za-hranice-ideologie\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Elektromobil, hybrid a e-sk\u00fatr: realistick\u00fd pohled mimo ideologii<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Elektromobilita - e-sk\u00fatr\/kolob\u011b\u017eka, hybrid, elektromobil\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elektromobilitaet-Titel.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elektromobilitaet-Titel.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elektromobilitaet-Titel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elektromobilitaet-Titel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elektromobilitaet-Titel-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/elektromobil-hybrid-a-skutr-e-realisticky-pohled-za-hranice-ideologie\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Elektromobil, hybrid a e-sk\u00fatr: realistick\u00fd pohled mimo ideologii<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o n\u00e1sil\u00ed - z bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti<\/h2>\n<p>Velmi \u010dasto se o n\u00e1sil\u00ed rozhoduj\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed sami nikdy nebudou v jeho bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti. Politici, strat\u00e9gov\u00e9, koment\u00e1to\u0159i, funkcion\u00e1\u0159i - diskutuj\u00ed o eskalaci, odstra\u0161en\u00ed, nutnosti. Dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee je to jejich pr\u00e1ce. A mo\u017en\u00e1 je to pravda.<\/p>\n<p>Samotn\u00fd \u010din - zabit\u00ed - v\u0161ak t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy provedou jin\u00ed. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed zab\u00edjenou osobu ani neznaj\u00ed. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nesetkali. Lid\u00e9, jejich\u017e jedin\u00fdm vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdm vztahem v danou chv\u00edli je to, \u017ee jeden druh\u00e9ho ozna\u010d\u00ed za c\u00edl.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi rozhodnut\u00edm a \u010dinem je velk\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to vzd\u00e1lenosti se \u010dasto ztr\u00e1c\u00ed n\u011bco podstatn\u00e9ho: osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za to, co zabit\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b znamen\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Ne obvin\u011bn\u00ed, ale pauza.<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00edlem tohoto textu nen\u00ed nikoho odsuzovat. Nechce obvi\u0148ovat voj\u00e1ky, policisty ani politick\u00e9 \u010dinitele. Nesna\u017e\u00ed se ani srovn\u00e1vat nebo relativizovat teror a vra\u017edy. To by bylo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 snadn\u00e9 - a \u0161patn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek chce ud\u011blat n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho: chce se pozastavit.<\/p>\n<p>Chce se pt\u00e1t, zda jsme si snad p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezvykli mluvit o n\u00e1sil\u00ed v kategori\u00edch pr\u00e1va, \u00fa\u010delu a nutnosti - a zapom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee n\u00e1sil\u00ed v\u017edy souvis\u00ed s vnit\u0159n\u00edm stavem akt\u00e9ra.<\/p>\n<p>Nejen s ob\u011bt\u00ed, nejen se spole\u010dnost\u00ed, ale i s \u010dlov\u011bkem, kter\u00fd zab\u00edj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost jako tich\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko<\/h3>\n<p>Tento text se proto soust\u0159ed\u00ed na pojem, kter\u00fd se dnes \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, ale m\u00e1lokdy se o n\u011bm skute\u010dn\u011b uva\u017euje:<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u016fstojnost.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nejde o lidskou d\u016fstojnost v pr\u00e1vn\u00edm smyslu. Nejde o \u00fastavn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky ani o mor\u00e1ln\u00ed apely. Jde o d\u016fstojnost jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed postoj. Jako o vztahu k sob\u011b sam\u00e9mu. Jako o tom, jak\u00fd m\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk vztah s\u00e1m k sob\u011b - p\u0159ed sv\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm, b\u011bhem n\u011bj i po n\u011bm.<\/p>\n<p>Takto ch\u00e1pan\u00e1 d\u016fstojnost nen\u00ed n\u011bco abstraktn\u00edho. Neprojevuje se ve slovech, ale v rozhodnut\u00edch. A nelze ji delegovat. Nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee jednat d\u016fstojn\u011b m\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem. Nikdo mi tuto odpov\u011bdnost nem\u016f\u017ee vz\u00edt.<\/p>\n<h3>Zabit\u00ed jako hrani\u010dn\u00ed \u010din<\/h3>\n<p>Zabit\u00ed jin\u00e9 osoby nen\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u010din. Je to hrani\u010dn\u00ed \u010din. N\u011bco, co zm\u011bn\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd ho vykon\u00e1 - bez ohledu na to, jak moc je to ospravedln\u011bno, na\u0159\u00edzeno nebo racionalizov\u00e1no. Tento text proto klade nep\u0159\u00edjemnou, ale jednoduchou ot\u00e1zku:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Je zab\u00edjen\u00ed - a\u0165 u\u017e z jak\u00e9hokoli d\u016fvodu - v\u017edy formou sebeponi\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ne proto, \u017ee je to nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 nebo \u017ee to n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed zakazuje. Sp\u00ed\u0161e proto, \u017ee v tuto chv\u00edli ze sebe lid\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed n\u00e1stroj - prost\u0159edek k dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edle, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e oni sami. Zda se tento c\u00edl naz\u00fdv\u00e1 ideologie, n\u00e1rod, bezpe\u010dnost nebo poslu\u0161nost, je vedlej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u017dijeme v dob\u011b, kdy je n\u00e1sil\u00ed op\u011bt vysoce mor\u00e1ln\u011b zat\u00ed\u017eeno. Je vysv\u011btlov\u00e1no, kategorizov\u00e1no a legitimizov\u00e1no. \u010casto s dobr\u00fdmi d\u016fvody, \u010dasto ze strachu, \u010dasto z pocitu, \u017ee je t\u0159eba jednat. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 roste nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee si na jazyk ospravedl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zvykneme. \u017de se zab\u00edjen\u00ed stane abstraktn\u00ed kategori\u00ed. \u010c\u00edslem. Nezbytn\u00fdm krokem.<\/p>\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1sil\u00ed je v\u017edy konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed. \u017de ho v\u017edy p\u00e1chaj\u00ed lid\u00e9. A \u017ee v\u017edy zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 stopy - nejen navenek, ale i uvnit\u0159.<\/p>\n<h3>Otev\u0159en\u00fd text bez hotov\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Na konci tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku nebude \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd program. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed. To, co bude, je m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko. Tich\u00e9, osobn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 je n\u011bkdy d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed udr\u017eet ot\u00e1zku p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b, ne\u017e na ni ukvapen\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bt. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je d\u016fstojnost pr\u00e1v\u011b to: ochota neb\u00fdt zcela nezat\u00ed\u017een\u00fd zd\u016fvod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm. T\u00edmto postojem text za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4563 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Entscheidungen.jpg\" alt=\"Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed z bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Entscheidungen.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Entscheidungen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Entscheidungen-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Entscheidungen-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Co zde vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 d\u016fstojnost<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e v tomto textu mluv\u00edme o d\u016fstojnosti, nem\u00e1me na mysli to, co je naps\u00e1no v z\u00e1konech, \u00fastav\u00e1ch nebo politick\u00fdch projevech. Nejde o abstraktn\u00ed hodnotu, kter\u00e1 je n\u011bkomu p\u0159isuzov\u00e1na nebo up\u00edr\u00e1na. Nejde ani o kategorizaci nebo mor\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Znamen\u00e1 to n\u011bco ti\u0161\u0161\u00edho. N\u011bco osobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost ve smyslu tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku popisuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed postoj \u010dlov\u011bka k jeho vlastn\u00edmu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u016fstojnost nen\u00ed n\u00e1lepka, ale vztah k sob\u011b sam\u00e9mu. D\u016fstojnost nen\u00ed n\u011bco, co vlastn\u00edte jako pr\u016fkaz toto\u017enosti. Nen\u00ed to ani n\u011bco, co lze n\u011bkomu zven\u010d\u00ed prop\u016fj\u010dit nebo odejmout. D\u016fstojnost vznik\u00e1 tam, kde se \u010dlov\u011bk bere v\u00e1\u017en\u011b jako jednaj\u00edc\u00ed subjekt. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>V\u00edm, \u017ee j\u00e1 jsem ten, kdo jedn\u00e1.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>V\u00edm, \u017ee m\u00e1m odpov\u011bdnost.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A t\u00e9to odpov\u011bdnosti se nemohu zcela vzd\u00e1t - ani v\u016f\u010di jin\u00fdm lidem, ani v\u016f\u010di syst\u00e9m\u016fm, ideologi\u00edm \u010di \u0159\u00e1d\u016fm. V tomto smyslu nen\u00ed d\u016fstojnost stav, ale vztah. Vztah k sob\u011b sam\u00e9mu. A tento vztah je v\u017edy vystaven zkou\u0161ce, kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 se dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed jejich vlastn\u00edch mor\u00e1ln\u00edch hranic nebo je p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost a odpov\u011bdnost pat\u0159\u00ed k sob\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem je souvislost mezi d\u016fstojnost\u00ed a odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed. D\u016fstojnost nen\u00ed charakterizov\u00e1na t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkdo v\u017edy d\u011bl\u00e1 \u201espr\u00e1vnou v\u011bc\u201c. To by byla nere\u00e1ln\u00e1 p\u0159edstava. Sp\u00ed\u0161e se projevuje t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkdo sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zcela neodsuzuje. Kdo to \u0159\u00edk\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u201eNem\u011bl jsem na v\u00fdb\u011br.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u201eMusel jsem to ud\u011blat.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u201eTo nebylo moje rozhodnut\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u010dasto popisuje skute\u010dn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. A tato omezen\u00ed je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Zejm\u00e9na v kontextu n\u00e1sil\u00ed, v\u00e1lky nebo extr\u00e9mn\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00ed existuj\u00ed situace, kdy je man\u00e9vrovac\u00ed prostor skute\u010dn\u011b velmi mal\u00fd. Ale i tam z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1 pravda:<\/p>\n<p>Akci prov\u00e1d\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osoba. D\u016fstojnost neznamen\u00e1 pop\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto omezen\u00ed. D\u016fstojnost znamen\u00e1 nepou\u017e\u00edvat je jako \u00faplnou \u00falevu.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e1sil\u00ed se net\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze ob\u011bti.<\/h3>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se mluv\u00ed o n\u00e1sil\u00ed, ob\u011bti jsou \u010dasto pr\u00e1vem v centru pozornosti. Jejich utrpen\u00ed, zran\u011bn\u00ed, smrt. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se v\u0161ak z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159uje i na druhou stranu - ne proto, abychom je omlouvali, ale abychom se vyhnuli jejich dehumanizaci.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sil\u00ed toti\u017e nem\u011bn\u00ed jen \u017eivoty t\u011bch, kter\u00fdm je p\u00e1ch\u00e1no. M\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se ho dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed. N\u011bkdy okam\u017eit\u011b. N\u011bkdy postupn\u011b. N\u011bkdy a\u017e po letech.<\/p>\n<p>\u010clov\u011bk, kter\u00fd zab\u00edj\u00ed, p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranici. A tato hranice nezmiz\u00ed jen proto, \u017ee existuje n\u011bjak\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz, ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed nebo ideologie; jde tu o d\u016fstojnost jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed normu:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Co mi tato akce zp\u016fsob\u00ed?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm bodem t\u00e9to kapitoly je ochrana t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed mus\u00ed vykon\u00e1vat n\u00e1sil\u00ed - \u010dasto proti vlastn\u00edmu vnit\u0159n\u00edmu odporu.<\/p>\n<p>Voj\u00e1k obvykle nezab\u00edj\u00ed z osobn\u00ed nen\u00e1visti. Sebevra\u017eedn\u00fd atent\u00e1tn\u00edk je obvykle systematicky manipulov\u00e1n, indoktrinov\u00e1n a znehodnocov\u00e1n. Ani vrah nejedn\u00e1 v\u017edy ze svobodn\u00e9, suver\u00e9nn\u00ed v\u016fle, ale \u010dasto ze zoufalstv\u00ed, strachu, tlaku nebo vnit\u0159n\u00edho zhroucen\u00ed. Nic z toho v\u0161ak nem\u011bn\u00ed nic na tom, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o trestn\u00fd \u010din. M\u011bn\u00ed to v\u0161ak n\u00e1\u0161 pohled na \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost zde neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkoho mor\u00e1ln\u011b o\u010dist\u00edme. D\u016fstojnost znamen\u00e1 nesni\u017eovat ho na z\u00e1klad\u011b jeho \u010din\u016f - a z\u00e1rove\u0148 br\u00e1t v\u00e1\u017en\u011b vnit\u0159n\u00ed destrukci, kterou tyto \u010diny p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum d\u016fv\u011bry v politiku<\/h3>\n<div class='bootstrap-yop yop-poll-mc'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"basic-yop-poll-container\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff; border:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:0px 5px;\" data-id=\"1\" data-temp=\"basic-pretty\" data-skin=\"square\" data-cscheme=\"blue\" data-cap=\"0\" data-access=\"guest\" data-tid=\"\" data-uid=\"0cc221fc364d03909d8542106d6a796b\" data-pid=\"4255\" data-resdet=\"votes-number,percentages\" data-show-results-to=\"guest\" data-show-results-moment=\"after-vote\" data-show-results-only=\"false\" data-show-message=\"true\" data-show-results-as=\"bar\" data-sort-results-by=\"as-defined\" data-sort-results-rule=\"asc\"data-is-ended=\"0\" data-percentages-decimals=\"2\" data-gdpr=\"no\" data-gdpr-sol=\"consent\" data-css=\"\" data-counter=\"0\" data-load-with=\"1\" data-notification-section=\"top\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"basic-inner\"><div class=\"basic-message hide\" style=\"border-left: 10px solid #008000; padding: 0px 10px;\" data-error=\"#ff0000\" data-success=\"#008000\"><p class=\"basic-message-text\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"basic-overlay hide\"><div class=\"basic-vote-options\"><\/div><div class=\"basic-preloader\"><div class=\"basic-windows8\"><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_1\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_2\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_3\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_4\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_5\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><form class=\"basic-form\" action=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"f25084482d\" autocomplete=\"off\"><div class=\"basic-elements\"><div class=\"basic-element basic-question basic-question-text-vertical\" data-id=\"1\" data-uid=\"b04620c9cb8b7fbe3631154509bc8683\" data-type=\"question\" data-question-type=\"text\" data-required=\"yes\" data-allow-multiple=\"no\" data-min=\"1\" data-max=\"1\" data-display=\"vertical\" data-colnum=\"\" data-display-others=\"no\" data-others-color=\"\" data-others=\"\" data-others-max-chars=\"0\"><div class=\"basic-question-title\"><h5 style=\"color:#000000; font-size:16px; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;\">Jakou d\u016fv\u011bru m\u00e1te v politiku a m\u00e9dia v N\u011bmecku?<\/h5><\/div><ul class=\"basic-answers\"><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"1\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"10\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[1]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[1]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"1\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Velmi vysok\u00e1 - pln\u011b d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uji ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"2\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"22\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[2]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[2]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"2\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">St\u0159edn\u00ed - Jsem opatrn\u00fd, ale ne z\u00e1sadn\u011b podez\u0159\u00edvav\u00fd.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"3\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"53\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[3]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[3]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"3\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">N\u00edzk\u00e1 - mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed si kontroluji s\u00e1m<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"4\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"251\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[4]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[4]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"4\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed - domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 je zast\u0159en\u00e9 nebo zinscenovan\u00e9.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-vote\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"button basic-vote-button\" role=\"button\" style=\"background:#027bb8; border:0px; border-style: solid; border-color:#1636f0; border-radius:5px; padding:10px 10px; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\">Hlasujte na<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"cs\"\/><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost jako hranice - ne jako rozsudek<\/h3>\n<p>V tomto textu nen\u00ed d\u016fstojnost zbran\u00ed. Nen\u00ed to n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd by \u0159\u00edkal: <em>\u201eJsi ned\u016fstojn\u00fd.\u201c<\/em> To by byla nov\u00e1 forma dehumanizace. M\u00edsto toho zde d\u016fstojnost funguje jako hrani\u010dn\u00ed pojem. Ozna\u010duje bod, kdy jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e nen\u00ed pouze funk\u010dn\u00ed, nezbytn\u00e9 nebo p\u0159ik\u00e1zan\u00e9, ale existenci\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zab\u00edjen\u00ed je takov\u00fd hrani\u010dn\u00ed \u010din. Ne proto, \u017ee by bylo zak\u00e1zan\u00e9. Ne proto, \u017ee by bylo sankcionov\u00e1no. Ale proto, \u017ee nut\u00ed pachatele do role, kter\u00e1 je jen t\u011b\u017eko slu\u010diteln\u00e1 se stabiln\u00edm sebeobrazem.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed museli zab\u00edjet, pozd\u011bji nehl\u00e1s\u00ed hrdost nebo napln\u011bn\u00ed. Uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pr\u00e1zdnotu, vinu, otup\u011blost nebo vnit\u0159n\u00ed zmatek. To nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda, ale zn\u00e1mka toho, \u017ee n\u011bco z\u00e1sadn\u00edho bylo po\u0161kozeno.<\/p>\n<h3>Syst\u00e9my mohou zm\u00edrnit - ale ne nahradit<\/h3>\n<p>Modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti um\u00ed dob\u0159e rozd\u011blovat odpov\u011bdnost. Vojensk\u00e9 struktury, hierarchie, velen\u00ed, ideologie - to v\u0161e m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 ochrannou funkci. Jejich c\u00edlem je ulevit jednotlivci, d\u00e1t mu orientaci a u\u010dinit ho schopn\u00fdm jednat.<\/p>\n<p>To je pochopiteln\u00e9. A \u010dasto je to nezbytn\u00e9. Ale d\u016fstojnost za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 tam, kde se \u010dlov\u011bk c\u00edt\u00ed navzdory t\u011bmto syst\u00e9m\u016fm:<\/p>\n<p><em>J\u00e1 jsem ten, kdo zde jedn\u00e1. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je bolestiv\u00e9. Je tak\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9. Ale je to jedin\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kde v\u016fbec m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout d\u016fstojnost.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00edlem t\u00e9to kapitoly nen\u00ed nikomu \u0159\u00edkat, jak m\u00e1 jednat. Nevy\u017eaduje mor\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010distotu ani hrdinskou vytrvalost. Pouze n\u00e1s vyz\u00fdv\u00e1, abychom d\u016fstojnost nech\u00e1pali jako vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavek, ale jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed orientaci.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost neznamen\u00e1: m\u011bl jsem jednat jinak. D\u016fstojnost znamen\u00e1: Uzn\u00e1v\u00e1m, co m\u00e9 \u010diny znamenaly - pro druh\u00e9 i pro m\u011b samotn\u00e9ho. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to prvn\u00ed krok k tomu, abychom p\u0159estali normalizovat n\u00e1sil\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee si vytvo\u0159\u00edme up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd vztah k vlastn\u00edm \u010din\u016fm.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy\u017e mise nekon\u010d\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Tento dokument WDR p\u016fsobiv\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee zahrani\u010dn\u00ed mise nekon\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1vratem voj\u00e1k\u016f dom\u016f. Voj\u00e1ci Bundeswehru vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed o sv\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitc\u00edch z Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu - o boj\u00edch s Talibanem, o \u00fatoc\u00edch a situac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 se jim nesmazateln\u011b vryly do pam\u011bti. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich kon\u010d\u00ed toto nasazen\u00ed uvnit\u0159 zem\u011b posttraumatickou stresovou poruchou (<a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Posttraumatische_Belastungsst\u00f6rung\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PTSD<\/a>).<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_vdSIe0xUi8c\"><div id=\"lyte_vdSIe0xUi8c\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FvdSIe0xUi8c%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/vdSIe0xUi8c\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FvdSIe0xUi8c%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nP\u0159e\u017eil, ale m\u00e1 trauma: Voj\u00e1ci Bundeswehru v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@WDRDoku\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film WDR<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Film prov\u00e1z\u00ed posti\u017een\u00e9 po del\u0161\u00ed dobu a ukazuje, jak moc tyto zku\u0161enosti zm\u011bn\u00ed jejich \u017eivoty p\u0159ed nasazen\u00edm, b\u011bhem n\u011bj i po n\u011bm. Klidn\u00fd, respektuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k psychologick\u00fdm d\u016fsledk\u016fm v\u00e1lky - nad r\u00e1mec \u010d\u00edsel, strategi\u00ed a politick\u00fdch debat.<\/p>\n<h2>Vra\u017eda: Kdy\u017e se druh\u00e1 osoba stane objektem<\/h2>\n<p>Vra\u017eda je nejp\u0159\u00edm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou smrt\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Nen\u00ed zakotvena v syst\u00e9mu jako v\u00e1lka, nen\u00ed ideologicky zveli\u010dov\u00e1na jako teror, nen\u00ed delegov\u00e1na na instituci. Vra\u017eda je p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd akt mezi dv\u011bma lidmi.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vhodn\u00fd pro polo\u017een\u00ed ot\u00e1zky d\u016fstojnosti. Proto\u017ee zde je jeden \u010dlov\u011bk konfrontov\u00e1n s druh\u00fdm - a rozhodne se ukon\u010dit sv\u016fj \u017eivot. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka zab\u00edt, mus\u00ed se nejprve st\u00e1t n\u011bco rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edho:<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00e1 osoba ji\u017e nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako lidsk\u00e1 bytost.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1lokdy se tak d\u011bje v\u011bdom\u011b nebo na z\u00e1klad\u011b reflexe. Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o vnit\u0159n\u00ed proces, kter\u00fd prob\u00edh\u00e1 krok za krokem. Druh\u00e1 osoba je redukov\u00e1na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>na hrozbu<\/li>\n<li>na p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece<\/li>\n<li>na objektu<\/li>\n<li>na funkci<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V tomto okam\u017eiku druh\u00e1 osoba zmiz\u00ed jako osoba s histori\u00ed, strachem, vztahy a budoucnost\u00ed. A pr\u00e1v\u011b zde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k naru\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fstojnosti - nejen ob\u011bti, ale i pachatele.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee ten, kdo d\u011bl\u00e1 z druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka objekt, d\u011bl\u00e1 s\u00e1m sebe objektem sv\u00e9ho podn\u011btu.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4564 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Entmenschlichung.jpg\" alt=\"Vra\u017eda a dehumanizace\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Entmenschlichung.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Entmenschlichung-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Entmenschlichung-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Entmenschlichung-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e1sil\u00ed jako iluze kontroly<\/h3>\n<p>D\u016fvodem mnoha vra\u017ed je pocit ztr\u00e1ty kontroly. Strach, ur\u00e1\u017eka, bezmoc, \u017e\u00e1rlivost, panika - to v\u0161e m\u016f\u017ee vyvrcholit, a\u017e se n\u00e1sil\u00ed jev\u00ed jako posledn\u00ed mo\u017enost. Vra\u017eda se pak jev\u00ed jako radik\u00e1ln\u00ed forma sebepotvrzen\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Te\u010f se rozhoduji j\u00e1.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Te\u010f m\u00e1m moc.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tato moc je v\u0161ak klamn\u00e1. Trv\u00e1 vte\u0159iny, mo\u017en\u00e1 minuty. To, co po n\u00ed z\u016fstane, nen\u00ed kontrola, ale pr\u00e1zdnota. Ne s\u00edla, ale nevratn\u00fd zlom ve vlastn\u00edm sebepojet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost, ch\u00e1pan\u00e1 jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed postoj, zde nen\u00ed poru\u0161ena z\u00e1konem, ale vlastn\u00edm p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00edm hranic.<\/p>\n<h3>Vra\u017eda jako seberedukce<\/h3>\n<p>Zn\u00ed to paradoxn\u011b, ale vra\u017eda nen\u00ed p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00edm pachatele - je to sebemrska\u010dstv\u00ed. Pachatel sni\u017euje s\u00e1m sebe:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>o jeho \u010dinnosti<\/li>\n<li>na chv\u00edli<\/li>\n<li>na jedinou ud\u00e1lost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u0161e ostatn\u00ed - jeho schopnosti, vztahy, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti - ustupuje do pozad\u00ed. Vra\u017eda ho od t\u00e9 chv\u00edle ur\u010duje bez ohledu na to, jak se k n\u00ed stav\u00ed on s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoz\u00ed pachatel\u00e9 pozd\u011bji hl\u00e1s\u00ed nikoli \u00falevu, ale vnit\u0159n\u00ed zhroucen\u00ed. Ne v\u017edy v podob\u011b v\u00fd\u010ditek sv\u011bdom\u00ed, ale \u010dasto jako odcizen\u00ed se sob\u011b sam\u00e9mu. N\u011bco se nen\u00e1vratn\u011b ztratilo: pocit, \u017ee jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho kontextu.<\/p>\n<h3>Nejedn\u00e1 se o dobrovoln\u00fd \u010din v jednoduch\u00e9m slova smyslu<\/h3>\n<p>I zde je t\u0159eba opatrnosti: Vra\u017eda je z\u0159\u00eddkakdy aktem chladn\u00e9 svobody. V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech je pachatel ji\u017e siln\u011b vnit\u0159n\u011b omezen - v d\u016fsledku psychick\u00e9ho tlaku, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed izolace, n\u00e1siln\u00e9 minulosti nebo existen\u010dn\u00edch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161ak neomlouv\u00e1 p\u0159estupek. Ale vysv\u011btluje to, pro\u010d d\u016fstojnost nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e1 jako mor\u00e1ln\u00ed obu\u0161ek. Proto\u017ee d\u016fstojnost nen\u00ed v\u00fd\u010ditka. Je to m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko, kter\u00e9 ukazuje, nakolik byl \u010dlov\u011bk v danou chv\u00edli ji\u017e odd\u011blen s\u00e1m od sebe.<\/p>\n<p>Vra\u017eda je \u010dasto v\u00fdsledkem dlouh\u00e9ho procesu devalvace - nejen ob\u011bti, ale i samotn\u00e9ho pachatele.<\/p>\n<p>Bez ohledu na motiv a okolnosti z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedno st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed: vra\u017eda probl\u00e9m ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed. Neukon\u010d\u00ed utrpen\u00ed, nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed konflikt, nenastol\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dek. To, co d\u011bl\u00e1, je:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u0159esouv\u00e1 utrpen\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>rozmno\u017euje ji<\/li>\n<li>zd\u011bd\u00ed ji<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm. Komunit\u00e1m. A v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i na samotn\u00e9ho pachatele. D\u016fstojnost zde nen\u00ed zni\u010dena proto, \u017ee do\u0161lo ke smrti, ale proto, \u017ee se pachatel katapultoval z okruhu odpov\u011bdnosti - a t\u00edm i z okruhu mo\u017en\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje.<\/p>\n<h3>Vra\u017eda a odpov\u011bdnost<\/h3>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm rozd\u00edlem mezi vra\u017edou a jin\u00fdmi formami smrt\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed je bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 instituce, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ideologie, kter\u00e9 by se bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dovol\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n<p>Pachatel je se sv\u00fdm trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem osamocen. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je vra\u017eda nejz\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem, kter\u00fd ukazuje, co d\u016fstojnost v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku znamen\u00e1:<\/p>\n<p>schopnost br\u00e1t se v\u00e1\u017en\u011b jako aktivn\u00ed bytost - i kdyby to byly \u010diny \u0161patn\u00e9, destruktivn\u00ed nebo zoufal\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost kon\u010d\u00ed tam, kde je tato odpov\u011bdnost zcela pop\u0159ena.<\/p>\n<p>Tato kapitola nen\u00ed soudem. Ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1: pachatel je ned\u016fstojn\u00fd. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho: trestn\u00fd \u010din ni\u010d\u00ed mo\u017enost jednat d\u016fstojn\u011b.<br \/>\nTo je rozd\u00edl. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b tento rozd\u00edl pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit dal\u0161\u00edmu zost\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Ne nen\u00e1vist\u00ed. Ne mor\u00e1ln\u00ed nad\u0159azenost\u00ed. Ale uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00edm si, \u017ee vra\u017eda je nakonec v\u017edy ztr\u00e1tou vlastn\u00ed lidskosti.<br \/>\nA pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je to hrani\u010dn\u00ed \u010din - pro v\u0161echny z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>Teror: \u00dapln\u00e9 p\u0159enesen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti<\/h2>\n<p>Teroristick\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed se od vra\u017edy nebo jin\u00fdch forem smrt\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed li\u0161\u00ed v jednom z\u00e1sadn\u00edm ohledu: je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy zasazeno do narativu, kter\u00fd pachatele zbavuje osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti. Terorista nejedn\u00e1 jako jednotlivec, ale jako nositel my\u0161lenky, v\u00edry, posl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je teror obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b radik\u00e1ln\u00ed formou n\u00e1sil\u00ed - nejen v\u016f\u010di ob\u011btem, ale i v\u016f\u010di samotn\u00fdm pachatel\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4565 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Terror.jpg\" alt=\"Teror a sebedegradace\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Terror.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Terror-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Terror-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Terror-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Pachatel jako n\u00e1stroj narativu<\/h3>\n<p>Teroristick\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed funguje pouze tam, kde se pachatel p\u0159estane pova\u017eovat za nez\u00e1visl\u00fd subjekt. St\u00e1v\u00e1 se sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu: boje, mise, domn\u011bl\u00e9 historick\u00e9 nutnosti. V t\u00e9to logice u\u017e na n\u011bm nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kdo jsem<\/li>\n<li>co chci<\/li>\n<li>co c\u00edt\u00edm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ale a\u017e nyn\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>za \u010d\u00edm si stoj\u00edm<\/li>\n<li>komu slou\u017e\u00edm<\/li>\n<li>co \u201eje t\u0159eba ud\u011blat\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Osoba zmiz\u00ed za rol\u00ed. A tady za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 sebemrska\u010dstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Ideologie jako mor\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161t\u00edt<\/h3>\n<p>Ideologie - n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9, politick\u00e9 nebo nacionalistick\u00e9 - pln\u00ed v teroru jednu z hlavn\u00edch funkc\u00ed: poskytuj\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00falevu. P\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed osobn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed v domn\u011blou povinnost. Pachatel si u\u017e nemus\u00ed kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Je to tak?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Nesu za to odpov\u011bdnost?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Co d\u011bl\u00e1m druh\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u00edsto toho sta\u010d\u00ed jedna v\u011bta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u201eJe to nutn\u00e9.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u201eJe to f\u00e9r.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u201eChce to vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed autorita.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost, ch\u00e1pan\u00e1 jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed postoj, zde nen\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1na - je obch\u00e1zena.<\/p>\n<h3>Znehodnocen\u00ed vlastn\u00edho \u017eivota<\/h3>\n<p>To se projevuje zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i sebevra\u017eedn\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch. Vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot zde ji\u017e nen\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako n\u011bco, co stoj\u00ed za ochranu, ale jako zdroj. Jako prost\u0159edek k dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edle. Vlastn\u00ed existence se st\u00e1v\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ob\u011btoval<\/li>\n<li>instrumentalizovan\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>obvin\u011bn z fale\u0161n\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Toto sebehodnocen\u00ed nen\u00ed projevem odvahy nebo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, ale v\u00fdsledkem systematick\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed vlastn\u00ed hodnoty. Pachatel nab\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee jeho \u017eivot zde nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou cenu - a \u017ee teprve smrt d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl.<\/p>\n<p>Z hlediska d\u016fstojnosti je to dramatick\u00fd zlom: d\u016fstojnost toti\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za hodnotn\u00fd s\u00e1m o sob\u011b - nikoli pouze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zni\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Ne nemoc, ale dehumanizace<\/h3>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si ujasnit jednu v\u011bc: v\u011bt\u0161ina terorist\u016f nen\u00ed du\u0161evn\u011b nemocn\u00e1 v klinick\u00e9m smyslu. Jsou schopni pl\u00e1novat, orientovat se a jednat. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je terorismus tak znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nejde o individu\u00e1ln\u00ed patologii, ale o spole\u010denskou a ideologickou dehumanizaci. Pachatel je postupn\u011b odd\u011blov\u00e1n od vlastn\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed intuice. U\u010d\u00ed se:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ji\u017e nepochybovat<\/li>\n<li>u\u017e nec\u00edtit<\/li>\n<li>ji\u017e nen\u00ed t\u0159eba v\u00e1\u017eit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jistota zauj\u00edm\u00e1 sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto. A jistota je nep\u0159\u00edtelem d\u016fstojnosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Ob\u011b\u0165 jako iluze<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed charakteristikou teroristick\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed je abstrahov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed. Zabit\u00ed u\u017e nejsou lid\u00e9, ale:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Symboly<\/li>\n<li>Z\u00e1stupce<\/li>\n<li>Kolater\u00e1ly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pachatel je nezn\u00e1. Nepot\u0159ebuje je zn\u00e1t. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento odstup umo\u017e\u0148uje sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu. Tento odstup v\u0161ak nechr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky. Teror ni\u010d\u00ed nejen \u017eivoty, ale tak\u00e9 vazby, d\u016fv\u011bru a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed prostor. A t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 po pachateli - pokud p\u0159e\u017eije - vnit\u0159n\u00ed hromadu trosek.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dapln\u00e9 p\u0159enesen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti nechr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee k p\u0159estupku do\u0161lo.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost a vzd\u00e1n\u00ed se ega<\/h3>\n<p>V j\u00e1dru je teror aktem sebeopu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Pachatel se vzd\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9ho ega - my\u0161lence, skupin\u011b, slibu. U\u017e nejedn\u00e1 jako \u010dlov\u011bk, ale jako nositel funkce.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost nen\u00ed v tomto bod\u011b poru\u0161ena, ale odevzd\u00e1na. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed trag\u00e9die teroristick\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>Zni\u010d\u00ed pachatele d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se dostane k ob\u011btem.<\/p>\n<p>Tato kapitola se nesna\u017e\u00ed vysv\u011btlit teror, aby byl srozumiteln\u00fd. Nesna\u017e\u00ed se ho ani moralizovat nebo d\u00e9monizovat. Pouze uplat\u0148uje m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko, kter\u00e9 funguje nez\u00e1visle na ideologii. Z hlediska d\u016fstojnosti je teror terorem:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ne akt v\u00edry<\/li>\n<li>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd akt odsouzen\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>ne akt s\u00edly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Je to okam\u017eik, kdy \u010dlov\u011bk zcela p\u0159estane n\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost s\u00e1m za sebe. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je teror jednou z nejextr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch forem degradace - pro v\u0161echny z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-612 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 10px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-612 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o N\u011bmecku<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-612\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-list2 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"jeffrey sachs warnt deutschland: warum europas sicherheit neu gedacht werden muss\" data-id=\"4079\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland energiepolitik eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit portrait sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/jeffrey-sachs-varuje-nemecko-proc-je-treba-prehodnotit-bezpecnost-evropy\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Jeffrey Sachs varuje N\u011bmecko: Pro\u010d je t\u0159eba p\u0159ehodnotit bezpe\u010dnost Evropy<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Jeffrey Sachs p\u00ed\u0161e otev\u0159en\u00fd dopis kancl\u00e9\u0159i Merzovi\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/jeffrey-sachs-varuje-nemecko-proc-je-treba-prehodnotit-bezpecnost-evropy\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Jeffrey Sachs varuje N\u011bmecko: Pro\u010d je t\u0159eba p\u0159ehodnotit bezpe\u010dnost Evropy<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"fracking, lng und energiepolitik: eine n\u00fcchterne analyse von risiken, chancen und realit\u00e4t\" data-id=\"5579\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft gesundheit\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland energiepolitik europa geopolitik krisen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/04\/fracking-lng-a-energeticka-politika-strizliva-analyza-rizik-prilezitosti-a-reality\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Fracking, LNG a energetick\u00e1 politika: st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1 anal\u00fdza rizik, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed a reality<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\u0160t\u011bpen\u00ed zemn\u00edho plynu a energetick\u00e1 politika\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fracking-Energiepolitik.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fracking-Energiepolitik.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fracking-Energiepolitik-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fracking-Energiepolitik-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fracking-Energiepolitik-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/04\/fracking-lng-a-energeticka-politika-strizliva-analyza-rizik-prilezitosti-a-reality\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Fracking, LNG a energetick\u00e1 politika: st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1 anal\u00fdza rizik, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed a reality<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"johann sebastian bach \u2013 ordnung, haltung und das fundament unserer musik\" data-id=\"5033\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland musik portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/johann-sebastian-bach-order-postoj-a-zaklad-nasi-hudby\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Johann Sebastian Bach - \u0159\u00e1d, postoj a z\u00e1klad na\u0161\u00ed hudby<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Johann Sebastian Bach Portr\u00e9t\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/johann-sebastian-bach-order-postoj-a-zaklad-nasi-hudby\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Johann Sebastian Bach - \u0159\u00e1d, postoj a z\u00e1klad na\u0161\u00ed hudby<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"woher stammt sars-cov-2? ein sachlicher \u00dcberblick \u00fcber alle corona-theorien\" data-id=\"3521\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft gesundheit\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland gesundheit krisen sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/odkud-pochazi-sars-cov-2-vecny-prehled-vsech-teorii-o-korone\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Odkud SARS-CoV-2 poch\u00e1z\u00ed? V\u011bcn\u00fd p\u0159ehled v\u0161ech teori\u00ed o koron\u011b<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"728\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"SARS-CoV-2 - Corona\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sars-covii-corona.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sars-covii-corona.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sars-covii-corona-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sars-covii-corona-768x546.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sars-covii-corona-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/odkud-pochazi-sars-cov-2-vecny-prehled-vsech-teorii-o-korone\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Odkud SARS-CoV-2 poch\u00e1z\u00ed? V\u011bcn\u00fd p\u0159ehled v\u0161ech teori\u00ed o koron\u011b<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Voj\u00e1k ve v\u00e1lce: nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o d\u016fstojnosti a zab\u00edjen\u00ed, je voj\u00e1k nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem. Ne proto, \u017ee by se zde zab\u00edjelo m\u00e9n\u011b, ale proto, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se nejv\u00edce projevuje m\u00edra syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 organizace n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Voj\u00e1k nen\u00ed t\u00edm, kdo rozhoduje o tom, zda je v\u00e1lka. Nerozhoduje o eskalaci, pr\u016fb\u011bhu fronty ani o politick\u00fdch c\u00edlech. A p\u0159esto je to on, kdo nakonec jedn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Zde se abstraktn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<p>Voj\u00e1ci nejednaj\u00ed jako jednotlivci. Jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu velen\u00ed, v\u00fdcviku, discipl\u00edny a poslu\u0161nosti. Tento syst\u00e9m je nezbytn\u00fd k tomu, aby v\u016fbec mohli jednat. Bez jasn\u00fdch struktur by vojensk\u00e9 akce byly chaotick\u00e9 a nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e u\u017e jsou.<\/p>\n<p>Tento syst\u00e9m z\u00e1rove\u0148 znamen\u00e1 sd\u00edlen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti. Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 sm\u011brem nahoru, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011brem dol\u016f. Jednotlivec se st\u00e1v\u00e1 nositelem p\u0159\u00edkazu.<\/p>\n<p>To poskytuje ochranu - psychologickou i organiza\u010dn\u00ed. Neodstra\u0148uje v\u0161ak vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e. Proto\u017ee i v syst\u00e9mu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00ed. Je to voj\u00e1k, kdo ma\u010dk\u00e1 spou\u0161\u0165. Ten, kdo vid\u00ed. Sly\u0161\u00ed. Ten, kdo c\u00edt\u00ed. Kdo potom \u017eije d\u00e1l - nebo ne.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4566 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Soldat.jpg\" alt=\"Voj\u00e1k na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 misi\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Soldat.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Soldat-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Soldat-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Soldat-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Vra\u017eda na objedn\u00e1vku - osvobozuje v\u00e1s to?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Vojensk\u00e1 logika \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: Ano.<\/li>\n<li>Mor\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enost \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mnoz\u00ed voj\u00e1ci pozd\u011bji uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 o vinu v pr\u00e1vn\u00edm smyslu, ale o n\u011bco rozpt\u00fdlen\u011bj\u0161\u00edho. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed. O pr\u00e1zdnot\u011b. Ztr\u00e1tu vitality. Pocit, \u017ee se stali sami sob\u011b ciz\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<p>To je hlavn\u00ed bod tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku: D\u016fstojnost se neur\u010duje pouze podle toho, zda je to spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nebo \u0161patn\u00e9. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry \u010dlov\u011bk st\u00e1le pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed jako sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkaz m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159en\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost. Nem\u016f\u017ee je v\u0161ak zcela zru\u0161it.<\/p>\n<h3>Viditeln\u00e9 stopy n\u00e1sil\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00fdch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch se objevuj\u00ed sn\u00edmky voj\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou po n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch sotva rozpoznateln\u00ed. Mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed jako by b\u011bhem jednoho roku zest\u00e1rli o des\u00edtky let. Jejich tv\u00e1\u0159e jsou propadl\u00e9, o\u010di unaven\u00e9, pohled otup\u011bl\u00fd nebo odta\u017eit\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Nejedn\u00e1 se o medi\u00e1ln\u00ed efekt. Je to fyzick\u00e1 stopa stavu, kter\u00fd v\u00e1s trvale tla\u010d\u00ed na hranici mo\u017enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nedostatek sp\u00e1nku. Neust\u00e1l\u00fd stres. \u00dazkost. Ztr\u00e1ta kamar\u00e1d\u016f. Neust\u00e1l\u00e1 ostra\u017eitost. V\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eete kdykoli zab\u00edjet - nebo b\u00fdt sami zabiti. T\u011blo reaguje poctiv\u011b. Sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed to, co psychika sotva dok\u00e1\u017ee pochopit.<\/p>\n<p>Toto viditeln\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mkou slabosti. Je to ukazatel toho, kolik toho \u010dlov\u011bk vydr\u017e\u00ed - a kolik toho p\u0159i tom ztrat\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Voj\u00e1k jako nositel rozhodnut\u00ed jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi vra\u017edou, terorem a v\u00e1lkou spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee voj\u00e1ci m\u00e1lokdy jednaj\u00ed z vlastn\u00ed iniciativy. Je nositelem rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 u\u010dinili jin\u00ed. \u010casto daleko od nich. V zasedac\u00edch m\u00edstnostech, konferen\u010dn\u00edch s\u00e1lech, p\u0159i strategick\u00fdch pl\u00e1novac\u00edch hr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je voj\u00e1k v pr\u00e1vn\u00edm smyslu bez viny. Je v\u0161ak obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zraniteln\u00fd v existenci\u00e1ln\u00edm smyslu. Mus\u00ed toti\u017e \u017e\u00edt s n\u00e1sledky - fyzick\u00fdmi, psychick\u00fdmi i soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<p>A mnoz\u00ed to ned\u011blaj\u00ed dlouho. Mnoz\u00ed se nevr\u00e1t\u00ed. Jin\u00ed se vr\u00e1t\u00ed, ale ve skute\u010dnosti nedoraz\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost je zde pod dvoj\u00edm tlakem:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm samotn\u00e9 akce<\/li>\n<li>v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee se nerozhodli sami pro sebe<\/li>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 rovnice - ale stejn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tato kapitola z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b neklade rovn\u00edtko mezi voj\u00e1ka a teroristu nebo vraha. Motivy, struktury a omezen\u00ed jsou z\u00e1sadn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit. A p\u0159esto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka:<\/p>\n<p>Co ud\u011bl\u00e1 zab\u00edjen\u00ed s \u010dlov\u011bkem, kter\u00fd ho provede?<\/p>\n<p>Ne mor\u00e1ln\u011b.<br \/>\nNe politick\u00e1.<br \/>\nAle lidsk\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoz\u00ed voj\u00e1ci uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ch\u00e1pat, co se stalo, a\u017e po nasazen\u00ed. Do t\u00e9 doby fungujete. Pot\u00e9 se v\u011bci \u010dasto hrout\u00ed. Vztahy selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Bl\u00edzkost se st\u00e1v\u00e1 obt\u00ed\u017enou. Ztr\u00e1c\u00ed se d\u016fv\u011bra - i v sebe sama.<\/p>\n<p>Nejedn\u00e1 se o individu\u00e1ln\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Je to d\u016fsledek hrani\u010dn\u00edho \u010dinu.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost pod n\u00e1tlakem<\/h3>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost zde neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee voj\u00e1k m\u011bl jednat jinak. To by byl nespravedliv\u00fd po\u017eadavek. D\u016fstojnost sp\u00ed\u0161e znamen\u00e1 uznat b\u0159emeno, kter\u00e9 je na tuto osobu nalo\u017eeno - a jak m\u00e1lo prostoru \u010dasto zb\u00fdv\u00e1 k pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu nesen\u00ed tohoto b\u0159emene.<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje zab\u00edjen\u00ed, se mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 vyrovnat s ot\u00e1zkou, co dlu\u017e\u00ed t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed ho prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed. Nejen z l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho hlediska. Nejen finan\u010dn\u011b. Ale i lidsky. D\u016fstojnost v tomto kontextu tak\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 nep\u0159edst\u00edrat, \u017ee to, co bylo pro\u017eito, lze jednodu\u0161e \u201ezorganizovat pry\u010d\u201c. Voj\u00e1k je nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fkazem toho, \u017ee n\u00e1sil\u00ed nez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 abstraktn\u00ed. Za\u017e\u00edr\u00e1 se do t\u011bla, tv\u00e1\u0159e, postoje a biografie. Zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 stopy - i kdy\u017e je popisov\u00e1no jako nezbytn\u00e9, spravedliv\u00e9 nebo bez alternativy.<\/p>\n<p>Tato kapitola neobsahuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed. Popisuje zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. T\u00edmto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm je, \u017ee zab\u00edjen\u00ed ve v\u00e1lce pln\u011b nechr\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fstojnost ani ob\u011bt\u00ed, ani pachatel\u016f. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost, ale nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed ji. Vy\u017eaduje si cenu, kter\u00e1 je z\u0159\u00eddkakdy otev\u0159en\u011b pojmenov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee d\u016fstojnost neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 odsudkem, ale up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fdm uzn\u00e1n\u00edm toho, co jsou lid\u00e9 nuceni ve v\u00e1lce sn\u00e1\u0161et.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u011bt let v\u00e1lky - a co z n\u00ed zbylo<\/h3>\n<p>Co se stane s \u010dlov\u011bkem, kter\u00fd l\u00e9ta \u017eije ve v\u00e1lce? V tomto rozhovoru <a href=\"https:\/\/hagenvockerodt.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Vocko, b\u00fdval\u00fd profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed voj\u00e1k<\/strong><\/a>, zdravotn\u00edk a instruktor, otev\u0159en\u011b hovo\u0159\u00ed o v\u00edce ne\u017e 1600 dnech nasazen\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed - v Kosovu, Bosn\u011b a Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu. Hovo\u0159\u00ed o padl\u00fdch kamar\u00e1dech, posttraumatick\u00e9 stresov\u00e9 poru\u0161e, vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch a terapii - a o tom, \u017ee \u017eivot po v\u00e1lce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt st\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00fd.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL__cnYfdW06PU\"><div id=\"lyte__cnYfdW06PU\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F_cnYfdW06PU%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/_cnYfdW06PU\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F_cnYfdW06PU%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nB\u00fdval\u00fd elitn\u00ed voj\u00e1k: 5 let v\u00e1lky, posttraumatick\u00e1 stresov\u00e1 porucha, smrt a trauma | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EinsatzCoach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">P\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed tren\u00e9ra<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hagen Vockerodt alias \u201eVocko\u201c je autorem knihy <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.eu\/d\/9TNzlsP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><strong>Krabice<\/strong><\/a> <em>\u201e1638 dn\u00ed ve v\u00e1lce: odvr\u00e1cen\u00e1 strana medaile za slu\u017ebu\u201c<\/em> a tomuto t\u00e9matu se v\u011bnuje ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 hrdinsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 kli\u0161\u00e9. M\u00edsto toho up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd vhled do dlouhodob\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f n\u00e1sil\u00ed - a do ot\u00e1zky, co z\u00e1vazek s \u010dlov\u011bkem skute\u010dn\u011b ud\u011bl\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h2>Velk\u00e9 ospravedl\u0148ovac\u00ed stroje<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00e1sil\u00ed se m\u00e1lokdy odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 ve vzduchopr\u00e1zdnu. Je p\u0159ipravov\u00e1no, vysv\u011btlov\u00e1no, r\u00e1mov\u00e1no. Ne\u017e dojde k v\u00fdst\u0159elu, bodnut\u00ed no\u017eem nebo zap\u00e1len\u00ed, obvykle u\u017e bylo vy\u0159\u010deno mnoho slov. Slova, kter\u00e1 organizuj\u00ed, zjednodu\u0161uj\u00ed, uleh\u010duj\u00ed. Slova, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed u\u010dinit nesnesiteln\u00e9 snesiteln\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p>Tato slova tvo\u0159\u00ed, \u010dasto nepozorovan\u011b, stroje na zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my jazyka, symbol\u016f a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed nutn\u011b nep\u0159ikazuj\u00ed - ale umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed ho.<\/p>\n<h3><em>\u201eMusel jsem\u201c<\/em> - jazyk \u00falevy<\/h3>\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch pachatel\u016f, ale i syst\u00e9m\u016f se opakuje kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b ne\u0161kodn\u00e1 v\u011bta:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eNem\u011bl jsem na v\u00fdb\u011br.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tato v\u011bta m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pravdiv\u00e1. M\u016f\u017ee popisovat nutk\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee vyjad\u0159ovat skute\u010dn\u00fd nedostatek alternativ. A p\u0159esto m\u00e1 vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek:<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost z jednaj\u00edc\u00ed osoby na okolnosti, p\u0159\u00edkazy nebo nutnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde funguj\u00ed ospravedl\u0148ovac\u00ed stroje. Nab\u00edzej\u00ed koncepty, kter\u00e9 vysv\u011btluj\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, ani\u017e by jednaj\u00edc\u00ed osoba musela st\u00e1le pro\u017e\u00edvat sebe sama jako centrum tohoto jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010cin se st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdsledkem procesu, nikoli ji\u017e vlastn\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm jednaj\u00edc\u00ed osoby. D\u016fstojnost nen\u00ed v tomto bod\u011b otev\u0159en\u011b napad\u00e1na. Je nen\u00e1padn\u011b obch\u00e1zena.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4567 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Rechtfertigungsmaschine.jpg\" alt=\"Stroj na ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Rechtfertigungsmaschine.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Rechtfertigungsmaschine-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Rechtfertigungsmaschine-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Rechtfertigungsmaschine-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Ideologie, n\u00e1rod, v\u00edra<\/h3>\n<p>Nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ospravedl\u0148ovac\u00ed stroje jsou ty, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jednotlivec. Ideologie, n\u00e1rody, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. V\u0161echny mohou d\u00e1vat smysl, vytv\u00e1\u0159et spole\u010denstv\u00ed, poskytovat orientaci. To je jejich pozitivn\u00ed str\u00e1nka. Maj\u00ed v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 temnou odvr\u00e1cenou stranu:<\/p>\n<p>Mohou zveli\u010dovat \u010diny t\u00edm, \u017ee je zasad\u00ed do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho kontextu. Najednou u\u017e nejde o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>jedna usmrcen\u00e1 osoba<\/li>\n<li>konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010din<\/li>\n<li>individu\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ale o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Historie<\/li>\n<li>Zabezpe\u010den\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Faith<\/li>\n<li>Budoucnost<\/li>\n<li>na <em>\u201evelk\u00fd obraz\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je r\u00e1mec, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed je jednotlivec. A t\u00edm snaz\u0161\u00ed je p\u0159estat vn\u00edmat vlastn\u00ed \u010diny jako osobn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy\u017e syst\u00e9my rozd\u011bluj\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost<\/h3>\n<p>Modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti jsou slo\u017eit\u00e9. Odpov\u011bdnost je rozd\u011blen\u00e1, rozd\u011blen\u00e1 a rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1. To je \u010dasto nezbytn\u00e9, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 i nad\u00e1le jednat. Nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za v\u0161echno s\u00e1m. V kontextu n\u00e1sil\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u0161ak toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nikdo se u\u017e nec\u00edt\u00ed b\u00fdt zcela zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li>Rozkaz p\u0159i\u0161el shora.<\/li>\n<li>Rozhodnut\u00ed bylo politick\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Realizace byla technick\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>D\u016fsledky jsou statistick\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mezi v\u0161emi t\u011bmito \u00farovn\u011bmi se ztr\u00e1c\u00ed osoba, kter\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u011b jedn\u00e1. A s n\u00edm miz\u00ed i m\u00edsto, kde by v\u016fbec mohla b\u00fdt zakotvena d\u016fstojnost: osobn\u00ed v\u011bdom\u00ed vlastn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed nenahrazuje postoj<\/h3>\n<p>Od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed nejsou sama o sob\u011b \u0161patn\u00e1. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed vysv\u011btlit, kategorizovat a u\u010dinit situace srozumiteln\u00fdmi. Problematick\u00fdmi se v\u0161ak st\u00e1vaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e nahrazuj\u00ed postoj. Postoj znamen\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>V\u00edm, co d\u011bl\u00e1m<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>V\u00edm, pro\u010d to d\u011bl\u00e1m<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>A v\u00edm, \u017ee j\u00e1 jsem ten, kdo jedn\u00e1.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Stroje na zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Muselo se to st\u00e1t<\/li>\n<li>Bylo to nevyhnuteln\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>Nebylo to na mn\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00faleva. Ale odd\u011bluje to lidi od nich samotn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<h3>Sv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nedostatku alternativ<\/h3>\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh bez alternativ. Kdy\u017e je n\u00e1sil\u00ed prezentov\u00e1no jako jedin\u00e1 mo\u017enost, jsou dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky zbyte\u010dn\u00e9. Pochybnosti jsou pak vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako slabost, v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed jako zrada, p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed jako nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V takov\u00fdch situac\u00edch se zmen\u0161uje prostor pro d\u016fstojnost. Ne proto, \u017ee by lid\u00e9 byli najednou zl\u00ed, ale proto, \u017ee slo\u017eitost u\u017e nen\u00ed dovolena. Ale d\u016fstojnost pot\u0159ebuje pr\u00e1v\u011b tento prostor.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pot\u0159ebuje \u010das.<\/li>\n<li>Pochybnosti.<\/li>\n<li>Vnit\u0159n\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tam, kde se v\u0161e zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9, nen\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd prostor pro d\u016fstojnost.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy\u017e c\u00edl ospravedl\u0148uje v\u0161e<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed charakteristikou velk\u00fdch stroj\u016f na zd\u016fvod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159esun pozornosti od prost\u0159edk\u016f k c\u00edli. C\u00edl se st\u00e1v\u00e1 tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm, tak nal\u00e9hav\u00fdm, tak bez alternativy, \u017ee se prost\u0159edky t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neberou v \u00favahu. N\u011bco z\u00e1sadn\u00edho se v tomto procesu ztr\u00e1c\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>Prost\u0159edky charakterizuj\u00ed vykonavatele. Lidi nem\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek, ale zp\u016fsob, jak se k n\u011bmu dostat. Ti, kdo zab\u00edjej\u00ed, aby dos\u00e1hli c\u00edle, nez\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nezm\u011bn\u011bni - i kdy\u017e je c\u00edle dosa\u017eeno.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost se v tomto bod\u011b nept\u00e1: Byl c\u00edl spr\u00e1vn\u00fd?<\/p>\n<p>Ale sp\u00ed\u0161e: Co tato akce zp\u016fsobila \u010dlov\u011bku, kter\u00fd ji provedl?<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost nelze delegovat<\/h3>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenka t\u00e9to kapitoly je jednoduch\u00e1 a nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u016fstojnost nelze outsourcovat.<\/li>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m to nem\u016f\u017ee zaru\u010dit.<\/li>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 ideologie ji nem\u016f\u017ee nahradit.<\/li>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz je nezachr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost existuje pouze tam, kde je \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159ipraven br\u00e1t s\u00e1m sebe v\u00e1\u017en\u011b jako \u010dinitele - i pod tlakem, i pod n\u00e1tlakem, i za obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee se ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee v\u017edy svobodn\u011b rozhodovat. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee nikdo nen\u00ed zcela zbaven odpov\u011bdnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Velk\u00e9 stroje na ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed doby jsou efektivn\u00ed. Vysv\u011btluj\u00ed, legitimizuj\u00ed a uklid\u0148uj\u00ed. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed organizovat n\u00e1sil\u00ed, ani\u017e bychom ho museli neust\u00e1le pojmenov\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n<p>Tento text proti nim nep\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 protiargument. Nevyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k nov\u00e9 ideologii. Pouze uplat\u0148uje m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko, kter\u00e9 je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jak\u00fdkoli syst\u00e9m - a proto se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji obch\u00e1z\u00ed: ot\u00e1zku vlastn\u00ed d\u016fstojnosti ve vlastn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 to nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 krit\u00e9rium. Ale je to krit\u00e9rium, kter\u00e9 nelze delegovat.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edpady nap\u011bt\u00ed: kdy\u017e jsou rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159ipravena d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se v\u011bci pokaz\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\u010casto podce\u0148ovan\u00fdm pojmem v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 diskusi je p\u0159\u00edpad nap\u011bt\u00ed. P\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9 v\u00e1lce - pr\u00e1v\u011b ve chv\u00edli, kdy se ur\u010duje politick\u00fd kurz, upravuj\u00ed se pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klady a pomalu se posouvaj\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se pozd\u011bji jev\u00ed jako \u201enezbytn\u00e1\u201c, se p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed ji\u017e v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi, \u010dasto t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v tichosti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo chce pochopit, jak z abstraktn\u00edch hrozeb vznikaj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed povinnosti, omezen\u00ed a nakonec i konflikty sv\u011bdom\u00ed, by se m\u011bl na tento p\u0159echod pozorn\u011b pod\u00edvat.<\/p>\n<p>V m\u00e9m <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/co-znamena-pokles-napeti-v-nemecku-a-jake-konkretni-dusledky-by-to-melo\/\"><strong>\u010cl\u00e1nek o poklesu nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong><\/a> Podrobn\u011b se zab\u00fdv\u00e1m t\u00edm, co tato situace znamen\u00e1 z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho, politick\u00e9ho a lidsk\u00e9ho hlediska - a pro\u010d je zde rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed zamy\u0161len\u00ed, zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed a osobn\u00ed pozastaven\u00ed p\u0159ed kone\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159enesen\u00edm odpov\u011bdnosti.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum mo\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpadu nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h3>\n<div class='bootstrap-yop yop-poll-mc'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"basic-yop-poll-container\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff; border:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:0px 5px;\" data-id=\"6\" data-temp=\"basic-pretty\" data-skin=\"square\" data-cscheme=\"blue\" data-cap=\"0\" data-access=\"guest\" data-tid=\"\" data-uid=\"ac7acb20e7a3cd14d3cae7751eeb96cf\" data-pid=\"3521\" data-resdet=\"votes-number,percentages\" data-show-results-to=\"guest\" data-show-results-moment=\"after-vote\" data-show-results-only=\"false\" data-show-message=\"true\" data-show-results-as=\"bar\" data-sort-results-by=\"as-defined\" data-sort-results-rule=\"asc\"data-is-ended=\"0\" data-percentages-decimals=\"2\" data-gdpr=\"no\" data-gdpr-sol=\"consent\" data-css=\".basic-yop-poll-container[data-uid] .basic-vote {\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\" data-counter=\"0\" data-load-with=\"1\" data-notification-section=\"top\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"basic-inner\"><div class=\"basic-message hide\" style=\"border-left: 10px solid #008000; padding: 0px 10px;\" data-error=\"#ff0000\" data-success=\"#008000\"><p class=\"basic-message-text\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"basic-overlay hide\"><div class=\"basic-vote-options\"><\/div><div class=\"basic-preloader\"><div class=\"basic-windows8\"><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_1\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_2\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_3\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_4\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_5\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><form class=\"basic-form\" action=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"b03e884d24\" autocomplete=\"off\"><div class=\"basic-elements\"><div class=\"basic-element basic-question basic-question-text-vertical\" data-id=\"6\" data-uid=\"2a49ff3b2b91ee6ce9f9c69261d57df2\" data-type=\"question\" data-question-type=\"text\" data-required=\"yes\" data-allow-multiple=\"no\" data-min=\"1\" data-max=\"7\" data-display=\"vertical\" data-colnum=\"\" data-display-others=\"no\" data-others-color=\"\" data-others=\"\" data-others-max-chars=\"0\"><div class=\"basic-question-title\"><h5 style=\"color:#000000; font-size:16px; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;\">Jak dob\u0159e se vy osobn\u011b c\u00edt\u00edte p\u0159ipraveni na p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (nap\u0159. krizi nebo v\u00e1lku)?<\/h5><\/div><ul class=\"basic-answers\"><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"24\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"19\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[24]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[24]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"24\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Velmi dob\u0159e - m\u00e1m z\u00e1soby, znalosti a pl\u00e1n<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"25\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"36\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[25]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[25]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"25\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Docela dobr\u00e9 - trochu jsem o tom p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"26\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"59\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[26]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[26]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"26\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">T\u011b\u017eko - jen douf\u00e1m, \u017ee se nic nestane<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"27\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"13\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[27]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[27]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"27\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">V\u016fbec ne - z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b toto t\u00e9ma potla\u010duji.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"28\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"17\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[28]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[28]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"28\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Co je to vlastn\u011b \"pokles nap\u011bt\u00ed\"?<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-vote\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"button basic-vote-button\" role=\"button\" style=\"background:#027bb8; border:0px; border-style: solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:10px 10px; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\">Hlasujte na<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"cs\"\/><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Co by to v\u016fbec bylo za d\u016fstojnost?<\/h2>\n<p>Pot\u00e9, co jsme se v tomto textu zab\u00fdvali n\u00e1sil\u00edm v jeho r\u016fzn\u00fdch podob\u00e1ch, nutn\u011b vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 protiot\u00e1zka. Jestli\u017ee zabit\u00ed po\u0161kozuje nebo ni\u010d\u00ed d\u016fstojnost, co konkr\u00e9tn\u011b d\u016fstojnost znamen\u00e1? Co zb\u00fdv\u00e1, pokud ji nech\u00e1peme jako mor\u00e1ln\u00ed heslo, ne jako pojem pr\u00e1va a ne jako n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd slib?<\/p>\n<p>Tato kapitola se nepokou\u0161\u00ed o definitivn\u00ed definici. Sp\u00ed\u0161e nasti\u0148uje pracovn\u00ed koncept d\u016fstojnosti, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v \u017eivot\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00fd - a to i v situac\u00edch, kdy neexistuje jednoduch\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost neznamen\u00e1 pasivitu<\/h3>\n<p>\u010cast\u00e1 n\u00e1mitka zn\u00ed: Pokud je zab\u00edjen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za ned\u016fstojn\u00e9, je jedinou mo\u017enost\u00ed ne\u010dinnost? Odvr\u00e1tit zrak? Vzd\u00e1t se?<\/p>\n<p>Ne. D\u016fstojnost neznamen\u00e1 pod\u0159\u00eddit se v\u0161emu nebo se vzd\u00e1t v\u0161ech forem odporu. Sebeobrana, ochrana druh\u00fdch, odpor proti n\u00e1sil\u00ed - to v\u0161e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nezbytn\u00e9. D\u016fstojnost v\u0161ak nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed, ale v postoji v jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Rozd\u00edl nen\u00ed mezi hran\u00edm a nehran\u00edm, ale mezi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dehumanizace a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Instrumentalizace a odpov\u011bdnost<\/li>\n<li>slep\u00e1 reakce a v\u011bdom\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost neznamen\u00e1 nikdy nep\u0159ekra\u010dovat hranice. Znamen\u00e1 to uznat tyto hranice jako hranice.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1chytn\u00e1 linie<\/h3>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost nen\u00ed hlasit\u00e1. Nek\u0159i\u010d\u00ed. Nevyhro\u017euje. Je to sp\u00ed\u0161e vnit\u0159n\u00ed linie, kterou \u010dlov\u011bk c\u00edt\u00ed - n\u011bkdy a\u017e zp\u011btn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Tato v\u011bta ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1: Nikdy to nesm\u00ed\u0161 ud\u011blat.<\/p>\n<p>Pt\u00e1 se: Co v\u00e1m tato akce zp\u016fsob\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>Tato ot\u00e1zka je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b snesiteln\u00e1 v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch situac\u00edch. \u010casto je v\u0161ak jedinou ochranou p\u0159ed \u00faplnou ztr\u00e1tou sebe sama.<br \/>\nV tomto smyslu nen\u00ed d\u016fstojnost ide\u00e1lem, ale obrannou lini\u00ed proti vnit\u0159n\u00ed brutalizaci.<\/p>\n<h3>Odpov\u011bdnost bez p\u0159\u00edslibu sp\u00e1sy<\/h3>\n<p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku je absence p\u0159\u00edslib\u016f \u00fat\u011bchy. D\u016fstojnost zde nefunguje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vykoupen\u00ed, odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nebo pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed. Je takto zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1. To znamen\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot nem\u016f\u017ee vyrovnat<\/li>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed automaticky<\/li>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam akci nezru\u0161\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>St\u0159\u00edzlivost je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1. Ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky n\u00ed je d\u016fstojnost skute\u010dn\u00e1. Proto\u017ee teprve kdy\u017e se zde po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 \u017eivot, maj\u00ed \u010diny svou v\u00e1hu. D\u016fstojnost pak znamen\u00e1:<\/p>\n<p>V\u00edm, \u017ee tento \u017eivot se nem\u016f\u017ee opakovat.<\/p>\n<p>A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto jsem zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za to, co d\u011bl\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 n\u00e1tlaku<\/h3>\n<p>Mnoho lid\u00ed nejedn\u00e1 svobodn\u011b. Jednaj\u00ed pod tlakem, pod hrozbou, na p\u0159\u00edkaz. To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na ve v\u00e1lce, ale tak\u00e9 v krimin\u00e1ln\u00edch, ideologick\u00fdch nebo existen\u010dn\u00edch souvislostech.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost zde nevy\u017eaduje hrdinstv\u00ed. Nevy\u017eaduje nadlidskou vytrvalost. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 mnohem d\u0159\u00edve - rozpozn\u00e1n\u00edm toho, co se d\u011bje. Odm\u00edtnut\u00edm zleh\u010dovat n\u00e1sil\u00ed uvnit\u0159 spole\u010dnosti nebo ho zcela p\u0159en\u00e9st do jin\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. V takov\u00fdch situac\u00edch d\u016fstojnost n\u011bkdy znamen\u00e1 pouze<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vid\u00edm, co d\u011bl\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00edm, \u017ee to nen\u00ed dobr\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>A v\u00edm, \u017ee m\u011b to m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To nen\u00ed osvobozuj\u00edc\u00ed rozsudek. Ale je to poz\u016fstatek lidskosti.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost a lidskost<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm aspektem d\u016fstojnosti je schopnost neztratit druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka \u00fapln\u011b - i kdy\u017e jste s n\u00edm konfrontov\u00e1ni. Dokonce i kdy\u017e je to nep\u0159\u00edtel.<\/p>\n<p>To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ho m\u00e1te r\u00e1di nebo \u017ee jste k n\u011bmu shov\u00edvav\u00ed. Znamen\u00e1 to neprom\u011bnit ho zcela v objekt. Tam, kde je druh\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk pouhou funkc\u00ed, c\u00edlem nebo symbolem, d\u016fstojnost ji\u017e zmizela. Tam, kde je \u010dlov\u011bk st\u00e1le vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako lidsk\u00e1 bytost, alespo\u0148 vnit\u0159n\u011b, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zbytek hranice.<\/p>\n<p>Tato hranice je k\u0159ehk\u00e1. Je v\u0161ak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost jako tich\u00fd odpor<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee d\u016fstojnost v dob\u011b n\u00e1sil\u00ed nen\u00ed velk\u00fdm gestem, ale tich\u00fdm odporem. Odpor proti zjednodu\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Proti \u00falev\u00e1m. Proti vzd\u00e1n\u00ed se vlastn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost se neprojevuje ve v\u00fdsledku, ale ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm procesu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pochybnost\u00ed. V z\u00e1va\u017enosti rozhodnut\u00ed. V odm\u00edtnut\u00ed br\u00e1t n\u00e1sil\u00ed na lehkou v\u00e1hu - i kdy\u017e se zd\u00e1 nevyhnuteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>To nen\u00ed hrdinstv\u00ed. Je to postoj.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud d\u016fstojnost ch\u00e1pete t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem, pak nen\u00ed vlastnictv\u00edm, ale neust\u00e1l\u00fdm vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u0161kozena. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ztracena. M\u016f\u017ee se snad tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vr\u00e1tit - skrze uzn\u00e1n\u00ed, skrze odpov\u011bdnost, skrze snahu br\u00e1t se znovu v\u00e1\u017en\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost tedy nen\u00ed dokonal\u00e1. Ale je skute\u010dn\u00e1. A to je mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u0161e, co m\u016f\u017eete v neklidn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b re\u00e1ln\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_cnd4feFgMNM\"><div id=\"lyte_cnd4feFgMNM\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fcnd4feFgMNM%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cnd4feFgMNM\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fcnd4feFgMNM%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nDieter Hallervorden - Zbran\u011b mus\u00ed odpo\u010d\u00edvat! | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/dieter-hallervorden-vice-nez-didi-portret-nepohodlneho-svobodneho-ducha\/\">Dieter Hallervorden<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Osobn\u00ed hranice<\/h2>\n<p>S\u00e1m jsem byl v 90. letech v Bundeswehru - jako branec. Kdy\u017e se ohl\u00e9dnu zp\u011bt, byla to pom\u011brn\u011b pohodov\u00e1 doba. Ka\u017edodenn\u00ed slu\u017eba byla jednoduch\u00e1, mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed prob\u00edhalo hladce, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rutinn\u011b. Neexistovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 situace re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vyhl\u00eddka, \u017ee se skute\u010dn\u011b dostaneme do ozbrojen\u00e9ho konfliktu. V tomto kontextu byla pro m\u011b slu\u017eba snesiteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Ale mus\u00edm b\u00fdt up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd: kdyby existovala by\u0165 jen v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u0161ance, \u017ee budu muset n\u011bkoho zab\u00edt, odm\u00edtl bych. Ne ze strachu, ne z pohodlnosti, ale z vnit\u0159n\u00ed hranice, kter\u00e1 mi byla - a st\u00e1le je - zcela jasn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Tento limit nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s politick\u00fdm postojem. Nen\u00ed to odsouzen\u00ed jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozhodli jinak. Je to prost\u011b uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si, \u017ee nejsem p\u0159ipraven podniknout tuto akci s\u00e1m za sebe. Ne z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska. Ani mor\u00e1ln\u011b v abstraktn\u00edm smyslu. Ale zcela konkr\u00e9tn\u011b: z hlediska toho, co by to se mnou ud\u011blalo.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 si uv\u011bdomuji, \u017ee takov\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed jsou m\u00e1lokdy snadn\u00e1. Odm\u00edtnut\u00ed nen\u00ed snadn\u00fd krok. Znamen\u00e1 zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed, vysv\u011btlen\u00ed a \u010dasto tak\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00fd tlak. A vy\u017eaduje, abyste se s vlastn\u00edm postojem vyrovnali v\u010das - d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se abstraktn\u00ed povinnost stane konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm \u010dinem.<\/p>\n<p>Nav\u00edc nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u017ee by sou\u010dasn\u00fd branec musel automaticky o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee se n\u00e1hle ocitne v z\u00e1kopu. Vojensk\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed tohoto druhu je velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9, politicky citliv\u00e9 a zpravidla dobrovoln\u00e9. Nikdo nen\u00ed lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u011b pos\u00edl\u00e1n do situac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed psychickou a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, \u017ee je tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se t\u011bmito ot\u00e1zkami zab\u00fdvat ji\u017e v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi. Nikoliv v\u0161ak v popla\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b. Ne v panice. Ale v klidu. Pokud si v\u010das polo\u017e\u00edte ot\u00e1zku, kde le\u017e\u00ed va\u0161e osobn\u00ed hranice, je m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee se ocitnete v situac\u00edch, ve kter\u00fdch m\u016f\u017eete jen fungovat.<\/p>\n<p>Tento odd\u00edl nen\u00ed zam\u00fd\u0161len jako doporu\u010den\u00ed. Nen\u00ed ani zam\u00fd\u0161len jako vzor. Je pouze osobn\u00edm v\u00fdchodiskem, kter\u00e9 ukazuje, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka d\u016fstojnosti a zab\u00edjen\u00ed nen\u00ed teoretick\u00e1. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se skute\u010dn\u00fdch biografi\u00ed. Skute\u010dn\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed. A skute\u010dn\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b tady za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost: ne tam, kde je t\u0159eba jednat - ale tam, kde si poctiv\u011b polo\u017e\u00edte ot\u00e1zku, co jste ochotni n\u00e9st.<\/p>\n<h2>Otev\u0159en\u00fd konec: rozum jako brzda<\/h2>\n<p>Tento text se dotkl mnoha temn\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. N\u00e1sil\u00ed, smrt, poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00e1tlak. A p\u0159esto by bylo nedorozum\u011bn\u00edm \u010d\u00edst jej jako pesimistick\u00fd nebo beznad\u011bjn\u00fd text. Mezi v\u0161emi zde polo\u017een\u00fdmi hrani\u010dn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami se toti\u017e skr\u00fdv\u00e1 tich\u00e1, ale trval\u00e1 nad\u011bje:<\/p>\n<p>Nad\u011bje rozumu.<\/p>\n<p>Ne jako mor\u00e1ln\u00ed osv\u00edcen\u00ed nebo n\u00e1hl\u00e9 uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed, ale jako p\u0159irozen\u00fd limit lidsk\u00fdch a spole\u010densk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4568 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Zukunft.jpg\" alt=\"D\u016fvod v budoucnosti\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Zukunft.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Zukunft-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Zukunft-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Zukunft-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e1sil\u00ed nen\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00e9.<\/h3>\n<p>Historie ukazuje st\u00e1le stejn\u00fd vzorec. N\u00e1sil\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b nastolit po\u0159\u00e1dek, zajistit moc nebo vy\u0159e\u0161it konflikty. Z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska v\u0161ak vy\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161e, co podporuje: Lid\u00e9, zdroje, spole\u010dnosti, d\u016fv\u011bra. V\u00e1lky m\u00e1lokdy kon\u010d\u00ed proto, \u017ee si n\u011bkdo uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1sil\u00ed je \u0161patn\u00e9. Kon\u010d\u00ed proto, \u017ee jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9 z hlediska lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9 z hlediska ekonomick\u00e9 podstaty.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 z hlediska soci\u00e1ln\u00ed soudr\u017enosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Toto roz\u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed idealismus. Je to realita. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1 forma nad\u011bje:<\/p>\n<p>Ne v tom, \u017ee by se lid\u00e9 najednou stali lep\u0161\u00edmi, ale v tom, \u017ee syst\u00e9my naraz\u00ed na sv\u00e9 limity.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy\u017e se n\u00e1klady stanou viditeln\u00fdmi<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d lze n\u00e1sil\u00ed tak snadno legitimizovat, je jeho abstraktnost. Dokud se rozhoduje daleko, dokud d\u016fsledky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed statistick\u00e9, dokud utrpen\u00ed miz\u00ed v \u010d\u00edslech, lze ospravedlnit mnoh\u00e9. V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku se v\u0161ak n\u00e1klady stanou viditeln\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ve tv\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>V \u017eivotopisech.<\/li>\n<li>Na pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/li>\n<li>V unaven\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pak za\u010dne n\u011bco, co se ned\u00e1 napl\u00e1novat: pomal\u00e9 p\u0159ehodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ne mor\u00e1ln\u00ed probuzen\u00ed, ale n\u00e1vrat k ot\u00e1zce, co jsme ochotni un\u00e9st.<\/p>\n<p>Rozum zde nen\u00ed ctnost\u00ed, ale nutnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost jako korektiv<\/h3>\n<p>V tomto okam\u017eiku dost\u00e1v\u00e1 pojem d\u016fstojnost nov\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Ne jako ide\u00e1l, ale jako korektiv. Jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed brzda proti \u00fapln\u00e9 normalizaci n\u00e1sil\u00ed. D\u016fstojnost se nept\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kdo m\u00e1 pravdu?<\/li>\n<li>Kdo s t\u00edm za\u010dal?<\/li>\n<li>Kdo za to m\u016f\u017ee?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pt\u00e1 se:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Co od lid\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me - a co u\u017e od nich dlouhodob\u011b neo\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Tato ot\u00e1zka nen\u00ed ur\u010dena pouze pachatel\u016fm nebo osob\u00e1m s rozhodovac\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed. Je zam\u011b\u0159ena na spole\u010dnost jako celek.<\/p>\n<h3>Odpov\u011bdnost za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159ed akc\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Nen\u00e1padnou, ale d\u016fle\u017eitou my\u0161lenkou tohoto textu je, \u017ee odpov\u011bdnost neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 teprve tam, kde se kon\u00e1, ale je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm. Tam, kde se lid\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00ed, co cht\u011bj\u00ed podporovat - a co ne.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to souvislosti nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodou, \u017ee se mnoho lid\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti op\u011bt zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkami povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby, slu\u017eby se zbran\u00ed a osobn\u00ed v\u00fdhrady sv\u011bdom\u00ed. Tyto ot\u00e1zky jsou nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, proto\u017ee nejsou abstraktn\u00ed. Nut\u00ed n\u00e1s postavit se do vztahu k n\u00e1sil\u00ed - nikoli teoreticky, ale zcela konkr\u00e9tn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/vyhrada-svedomi-vuci-vojenske-sluzbe-co-delat-v-pripade-nouze\/\"><strong>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed mo\u017enosti odm\u00edtnut\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>. Existuj\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed sv\u011bdom\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bna. A existuj\u00ed dobr\u00e9 d\u016fvody, pro\u010d se jimi zab\u00fdvat hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku. Ne ze zbab\u011blosti. Ale z postoje.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost tak\u00e9 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se nenech\u00e1te instrumentalizovat.<\/h3>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo \u010detl tento text a\u017e sem, si jist\u011b v\u0161iml, \u017ee d\u016fstojnost se objevuje st\u00e1le na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b: tam, kde se lid\u00e9 p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed nechat zcela prom\u011bnit v prost\u0159edek.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To plat\u00ed i pro teror.<\/li>\n<li>To plat\u00ed i pro vra\u017edu.<\/li>\n<li>Plat\u00ed to i pro st\u00e1tem organizovan\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ne v\u017edy je mo\u017en\u00e9 se t\u00e9to instrumentalizaci vyhnout. Jej\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u0161ak prvn\u00edm krokem. A n\u011bkdy je tento krok rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost se pak neprojevuje hrdinsk\u00fdm odporem, ale v\u011bdom\u00fdm odm\u00edtnut\u00edm vnit\u0159n\u00ed normalizace n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Tich\u00e9 hlasy na\u0161ich d\u011bde\u010dk\u016f - a pro\u010d dnes chyb\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/co-nam-nasi-dedove-vypraveli-o-valce-a-proc-tyto-hlasy-dnes-chybi\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-4678 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky d\u011bde\u010dk\u016f\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Jedn\u00edm z aspekt\u016f, kter\u00fd je v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed diskusi o n\u00e1sil\u00ed, v\u00e1lce a odpov\u011bdnosti \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een, jsou vzpom\u00ednky v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 generace - zejm\u00e9na tich\u00e9, rozporupln\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 nejsou o hrdinstv\u00ed nebo ideologii, ale o ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, strachu a dlouhodob\u00fdch n\u00e1sledc\u00edch. Ve sv\u00e9 eseji <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/co-nam-nasi-dedove-vypraveli-o-valce-a-proc-tyto-hlasy-dnes-chybi\/\"><em><strong>\u201eCo n\u00e1m na\u0161i d\u011bdov\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bli o v\u00e1lce - a pro\u010d tyto hlasy dnes chyb\u00ed\u201c<\/strong><\/em><\/a> autor ukazuje, jak moc tyto osobn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pokoru p\u0159ed realitou v\u00e1lky a n\u00e1sil\u00ed a jak odli\u0161n\u011b se p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace vyrovn\u00e1valy s vinou, odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed a stopami smrteln\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitk\u016f. Nejde o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 politizov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo hodnocen\u00ed, ale o prost\u00fd z\u00e1znam toho, co z\u016fstalo: Vzpom\u00ednky na ztr\u00e1tu, odpov\u011bdnost a neviditelnost n\u00e1sledk\u016f, kter\u00e9 sahaj\u00ed daleko za hranice skute\u010dn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Nad\u011bje bez iluz\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Tento text nekon\u010d\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm. Ne odvol\u00e1n\u00edm. Ne slibem. Kon\u010d\u00ed postojem: p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00edm, \u017ee rozum, jakkoli neok\u00e1zal\u00fd, je z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jak\u00e1koli eskalace.<\/p>\n<p>Ne proto, \u017ee je mor\u00e1ln\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed, ale proto, \u017ee je udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rozum ne\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, ale odolnost.<\/li>\n<li>Ne podle symbol\u016f, ale podle d\u016fsledk\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Ne pro ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed, ale pro omezen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Posledn\u00ed my\u0161lenka<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee d\u016fstojnost nakonec nen\u00ed nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e odm\u00edtnut\u00ed br\u00e1t n\u00e1sil\u00ed na lehkou v\u00e1hu - i kdy\u017e je prezentov\u00e1no jako nezbytn\u00e9. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to tich\u00fd zbytek lidskosti, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e v\u0161echna velk\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed sel\u017eou.<\/p>\n<p>A mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b tento zbytek je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed. Ne proto, abychom sv\u011bt zachr\u00e1nili, ale proto, abychom ho p\u0159estali ztr\u00e1cet.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00edlem tohoto textu nebylo poskytnout odpov\u011bdi. Cht\u011bl udr\u017eet ot\u00e1zku p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b. A n\u011bkdy je to jedin\u00fd realistick\u00fd za\u010d\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-613 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-613 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o um\u011bn\u00ed a kultu\u0159e<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-613\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"helge schneider: haltung, humor und die freiheit, sich nicht erkl\u00e4ren zu m\u00fcssen\" data-id=\"4756\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland erfahrungen meinungsfreiheit musik portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/helge-schneider-postoj-humor-a-svoboda-nemuset-vysvetlovat-sam-sebe\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Helge Schneider: P\u0159\u00edstup, humor a svoboda nemuset se vysv\u011btlovat<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Helge Schneider Portr\u00e9t\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helge-Schneider.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helge-Schneider.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helge-Schneider-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helge-Schneider-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helge-Schneider-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/helge-schneider-postoj-humor-a-svoboda-nemuset-vysvetlovat-sam-sebe\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Helge Schneider: P\u0159\u00edstup, humor a svoboda nemuset se vysv\u011btlovat<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"cancel culture im westen: sport, universit\u00e4ten, milit\u00e4r und eu-sanktionen analysiert\" data-id=\"5009\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle deutschland europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit sicherheitspolitik spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/zrusit-kulturu-na-zapade-sportovni-univerzity-vojenske-a-eu-sankce-analyzovany\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Zru\u0161it kulturu na Z\u00e1pad\u011b: anal\u00fdza sportu, univerzit, arm\u00e1dy a sankc\u00ed EU<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Zru\u0161it kulturu na Z\u00e1pad\u011b\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/zrusit-kulturu-na-zapade-sportovni-univerzity-vojenske-a-eu-sankce-analyzovany\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Zru\u0161it kulturu na Z\u00e1pad\u011b: anal\u00fdza sportu, univerzit, arm\u00e1dy a sankc\u00ed EU<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"johann sebastian bach \u2013 ordnung, haltung und das fundament unserer musik\" data-id=\"5033\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland musik portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/johann-sebastian-bach-order-postoj-a-zaklad-nasi-hudby\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Johann Sebastian Bach - \u0159\u00e1d, postoj a z\u00e1klad na\u0161\u00ed hudby<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Johann Sebastian Bach Portr\u00e9t\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/johann-sebastian-bach-order-postoj-a-zaklad-nasi-hudby\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Johann Sebastian Bach - \u0159\u00e1d, postoj a z\u00e1klad na\u0161\u00ed hudby<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"zukunft mit ladeger\u00e4t \u2013 herr von l&#8217;oreot kauft einen e-scooter\" data-id=\"3229\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur stories &amp; humor\" data-post_tag=\"erfahrungen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/budoucnost-s-nabijeckou-pan-von-loreot-si-koupi-elektronicky-skutr\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Budoucnost s nab\u00edje\u010dkou - pan von L'oreot kupuje e-kolob\u011b\u017eku<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"747\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/loereot-e-scooter-1.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/loereot-e-scooter-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/loereot-e-scooter-1-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/loereot-e-scooter-1-768x560.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/loereot-e-scooter-1-16x12.jpg 16w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/budoucnost-s-nabijeckou-pan-von-loreot-si-koupi-elektronicky-skutr\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Budoucnost s nab\u00edje\u010dkou - pan von L'oreot kupuje e-kolob\u011b\u017eku<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d tento \u010dl\u00e1nek jednodu\u0161e nerozli\u0161uje mezi \u201edobr\u00fdm\u201c a \u201e\u0161patn\u00fdm\u201c zab\u00edjen\u00edm?<\/strong><br \/>\nProto\u017ee a\u010dkoli toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pr\u00e1vn\u011b a politicky nezbytn\u00e9, unik\u00e1 mu hlavn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka tohoto textu. \u010cl\u00e1nek se nept\u00e1 na opr\u00e1vn\u011bnost, ale na \u00fa\u010dinek. P\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno: o \u00fa\u010dinek zabit\u00ed na toho, kdo zab\u00edj\u00ed. Bez ohledu na to, zda soud, st\u00e1t nebo ideologie \u010din legitimizuj\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hrani\u010dn\u00edm \u010dinem, kter\u00fd m\u011bn\u00ed pachatele. Tato zm\u011bna b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eena - a pr\u00e1v\u011b o zviditeln\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to zm\u011bny usiluje tento text.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nejde o pau\u0161\u00e1ln\u00ed odsouzen\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed bez zohledn\u011bn\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed a obrany?<\/strong><br \/>\nNe. \u010cl\u00e1nek v\u00fdslovn\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee existuj\u00ed situace, kdy lid\u00e9 mus\u00ed jednat pod n\u00e1tlakem nebo se br\u00e1nit. Nevyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k pasivit\u011b nebo mor\u00e1ln\u00edmu idealismu. Pouze klade ot\u00e1zku, co n\u00e1sil\u00ed s lidmi dlouhodob\u011b d\u011bl\u00e1 - a to i tehdy, kdy\u017e je popisov\u00e1no jako nutn\u00e9 nebo bez alternativy. Nejde o odsouzen\u00ed, ale o st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed d\u016fsledk\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d hraje pojem d\u016fstojnosti tak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli?<\/strong><br \/>\nD\u016fstojnost zde toti\u017e nen\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako abstraktn\u00ed hodnota, ale jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed postoj \u010dlov\u011bka k jeho vlastn\u00edmu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u016fstojnost popisuje, zda se \u010dlov\u011bk st\u00e1le pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako odpov\u011bdn\u00fd subjekt - nebo zda se nech\u00e1 zcela instrumentalizovat. Zejm\u00e9na v n\u00e1siln\u00fdch situac\u00edch je tento vnit\u0159n\u00ed postoj \u010dasto t\u00edm prvn\u00edm, co se ztr\u00e1c\u00ed. \u010cl\u00e1nek proto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 d\u016fstojnost jako m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko, nikoli jako mor\u00e1ln\u00ed obu\u0161ek.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nen\u00ed nespravedliv\u00e9 spojovat voj\u00e1ky s vrahy nebo teroristy?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u010cl\u00e1nek v\u00fdslovn\u011b nep\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1 voj\u00e1ky k vrah\u016fm nebo terorist\u016fm. Motivy, nutk\u00e1n\u00ed a struktury jsou z\u00e1sadn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b u v\u0161ech forem smrt\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: Co zab\u00edjen\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje \u010dlov\u011bku, kter\u00fd ho prov\u00e1d\u00ed? Tato spole\u010dn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka neznamen\u00e1 rovn\u00edtko, ale spole\u010dnou \u00favahu o vnit\u0159n\u00edch d\u016fsledc\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d se tak siln\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed pachatel\u00e9 nejednaj\u00ed dobrovoln\u011b?<\/strong><br \/>\nProto\u017ee n\u00e1sil\u00ed m\u00e1lokdy vznik\u00e1 ze suver\u00e9nn\u00ed svobody. \u010casto je v\u00fdsledkem n\u00e1tlaku, donucen\u00ed, manipulace nebo existen\u010dn\u00ed pot\u0159eby. To plat\u00ed pro voj\u00e1ky, teroristy a n\u011bkdy i pro vrahy. Tento post\u0159eh neomlouv\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010din, ale chr\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1s p\u0159ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdm d\u00e9monizov\u00e1n\u00edm lid\u00ed. C\u00edlem \u010dl\u00e1nku je pochopit, nikoliv bagatelizovat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nerelativizuje tento p\u0159\u00edstup vinu a odpov\u011bdnost?<\/strong><br \/>\nNaopak. Text nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost jinam, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e ji jinak lokalizuje. Ukazuje, \u017ee odpov\u011bdnost nelze zcela p\u0159en\u00e9st - ani na p\u0159\u00edkazy, ani na syst\u00e9my. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. Odpov\u011bdnost zde nen\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako vina, ale jako uzn\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho d\u016fsledk\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d je teror popisov\u00e1n jako obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ned\u016fstojn\u00fd?<\/strong><br \/>\nProto\u017ee teror t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zcela p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost na jin\u00e9 subjekty. Pachatel u\u017e nevystupuje jako \u010dlov\u011bk, ale jako nositel p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Jeho vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot je instrumentalizov\u00e1n, \u017eivoty ostatn\u00edch jsou abstrahov\u00e1ny. Podle n\u00e1zoru autora \u010dl\u00e1nku je toto naprost\u00e9 opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sebe sama extr\u00e9mn\u00ed formou degradace - nejen ob\u011bt\u00ed, ale i samotn\u00e9ho pachatele.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co se v \u010dl\u00e1nku rozum\u00ed pod pojmem \u201estroje na ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed\u201c?<\/strong><br \/>\nJedn\u00e1 se o syst\u00e9my jazyka, ideologie, mor\u00e1lky a struktury, kter\u00e9 \u010din\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed vysv\u011btliteln\u00fdm a tolerovateln\u00fdm. N\u00e1rod, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, historie, bezpe\u010dnost nebo nedostatek alternativ mohou zakotvit jedn\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, \u017ee jedinec ji\u017e nepro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 s\u00e1m sebe jako \u010dinitele. Tyto stroje nejsou samy o sob\u011b zl\u00e9, ale st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se problematick\u00fdmi, kdy\u017e zcela nahrazuj\u00ed osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nen\u00ed d\u016fstojnost v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch situac\u00edch luxusn\u00ed pojem?<\/strong><br \/>\nD\u016fstojnost nen\u00ed luxus, ale je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch situac\u00edch. Nevy\u017eaduje dokonal\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, ale minimum vnit\u0159n\u00ed pravdivosti. D\u016fstojnost zde neznamen\u00e1 jednat spr\u00e1vn\u011b, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e se zcela neztratit - a to ani pod tlakem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d se tolik mluv\u00ed o vnit\u0159n\u00edch d\u016fsledc\u00edch pro pachatele a tak m\u00e1lo o ob\u011btech?<\/strong><br \/>\nZam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na pachatele neznamen\u00e1 znehodnocen\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed. Jejich utrpen\u00ed je nepopirateln\u00e9. \u010cl\u00e1nek z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vol\u00ed toto zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, proto\u017ee vnit\u0159n\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro pachatele jsou spole\u010dnost\u00ed \u010dasto potla\u010dov\u00e1ny. Toto potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed usnad\u0148uje normalizaci a opakov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed. C\u00edlem textu je toto slep\u00e9 pole zviditelnit.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lze v\u016fbec obnovit d\u016fstojnost po n\u00e1siln\u00e9m \u010dinu?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u010cl\u00e1nek na to ned\u00e1v\u00e1 jednoduchou odpov\u011b\u010f. D\u016fstojnost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u0161kozena nebo ztracena, ale nen\u00ed to statick\u00fd stav. Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed zlo\u010dinu, p\u0159evzet\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti, vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed se s n\u00edm a poctiv\u00e9 vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se s n\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00e1st z n\u00ed vr\u00e1tit. Ne repres\u00ed, ale konfrontac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d se v textu tak m\u00e1lo mluv\u00ed o vin\u011b a trestu?<\/strong><br \/>\nProto\u017ee vina a trest jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, ale omezen\u00e9 kategorie. Upravuj\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, ale o tom, co se d\u011bje uvnit\u0159 \u010dlov\u011bka, vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed jen m\u00e1lo. \u010cl\u00e1nek se z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b pohybuje v jin\u00e9 rovin\u011b: existenci\u00e1ln\u00ed a lidsk\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co m\u00e1 d\u016fstojnost spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s brannou povinnost\u00ed nebo v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed z d\u016fvodu sv\u011bdom\u00ed?<\/strong><br \/>\nSkv\u011bl\u00e1 nab\u00eddka. Ot\u00e1zka, zda jste ochotni pou\u017e\u00edt n\u00e1sil\u00ed nebo zda ho mus\u00edte pou\u017e\u00edt, je hluboce osobn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou d\u016fstojnosti. Vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se s odm\u00edtnut\u00edm, rozhodnut\u00edm sv\u011bdom\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi mo\u017enostmi v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi nen\u00ed projevem zbab\u011blosti, ale odpov\u011bdnosti za vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot a jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Je tento \u010dl\u00e1nek pacifistick\u00fdm textem?<\/strong><br \/>\nNe. Nevyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k absolutn\u00edmu z\u0159eknut\u00ed se n\u00e1sil\u00ed a neignoruje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 re\u00e1ln\u00e9 hrozby. Nen\u00ed to ani politick\u00fd manifest. Je to esejistick\u00fd text, kter\u00fd klade ot\u00e1zku, je\u017e je p\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jak\u00fdkoli politick\u00fd postoj: <em>Co s lidmi d\u011bl\u00e1 n\u00e1sil\u00ed?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d \u010dl\u00e1nek kon\u010d\u00ed bez jasn\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed?<\/strong><br \/>\nProto\u017ee neexistuje jednoduch\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. C\u00edlem textu nen\u00ed poskytnout recepty, ale nab\u00eddnout m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko. N\u011bkdy je poctiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nechat ot\u00e1zku otev\u0159enou, ne\u017e ji uzav\u0159\u00edt zd\u00e1nlivou odpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co by si m\u011bl \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 z tohoto textu odn\u00e9st?<\/strong><br \/>\nNen\u00ed to n\u00e1zor, ale m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko. Ot\u00e1zka, kterou si m\u016f\u017eete polo\u017eit, ne\u017e za\u010dnete n\u00e1sil\u00ed odsuzovat nebo ospravedl\u0148ovat. D\u016fstojnost je zde ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed orientace, nikoli jako po\u017eadavek na druh\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-614 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-614 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-614\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"vom content zur substanz: wie digitale systeme entstehen, die nicht kopierbar sind\" data-id=\"5899\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher gesellschaft tipps &amp; anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"buch datenlogik denkmodelle digitales eigentum erfahrungen k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz prozesse publishing ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/04\/od-obsahu-k-podstate-jak-se-vytvareji-digitalni-systemy-ktere-nelze-kopirovat\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Od obsahu k podstat\u011b: jak vznikaj\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 nelze kop\u00edrovat<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Syst\u00e9m m\u00edsto individu\u00e1ln\u00edho obsahu\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Organische-Reichweite.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Organische-Reichweite.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Organische-Reichweite-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Organische-Reichweite-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Organische-Reichweite-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/04\/od-obsahu-k-podstate-jak-se-vytvareji-digitalni-systemy-ktere-nelze-kopirovat\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Od obsahu k podstat\u011b: jak vznikaj\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 nelze kop\u00edrovat<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"die neuen eu-zensurgesetze: was chatcontrol, dsa, emfa und der ai act bedeuten\" data-id=\"3586\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft ki-systeme\" data-post_tag=\"datenschutz digitales eigentum eu-gesetze europa k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz llm meinungsfreiheit spieltheorie sprachmodell\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/nove-zakony-eu-o-cenzure-co-znamena-chatcontrol-dsa-emfa-a-zakon-o-ai\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Nov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony EU o cenzu\u0159e: Co znamenaj\u00ed z\u00e1kony Chatcontrol, DSA, EMFA a AI Act?<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Cenzurn\u00ed z\u00e1kony EU\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/eu-zensurgesetze.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/eu-zensurgesetze.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/eu-zensurgesetze-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/eu-zensurgesetze-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/eu-zensurgesetze-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/nove-zakony-eu-o-cenzure-co-znamena-chatcontrol-dsa-emfa-a-zakon-o-ai\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Nov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony EU o cenzu\u0159e: Co znamenaj\u00ed z\u00e1kony Chatcontrol, DSA, EMFA a AI Act?<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"wie man heute schon ki-spezialisten ausbilden kann \u2013 chancen f\u00fcr unternehmen und azubis\" data-id=\"3120\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher ki-systeme tipps &amp; 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erp hardware ki-systeme\" data-post_tag=\"apple datenschutz filemaker k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz llama llm mac mistral mlx ollama sprachmodell\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/apple-mlx-vs-nvidia-jak-funguje-lokalni-odvozovani-ki-na-macu\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Apple MLX vs. NVIDIA: Jak funguje m\u00edstn\u00ed odvozov\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence na Macu<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"M\u00edstn\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence na Silicon s Apple Macem\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lokales-Sprachmodell-apple-mac-studio.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lokales-Sprachmodell-apple-mac-studio.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lokales-Sprachmodell-apple-mac-studio-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lokales-Sprachmodell-apple-mac-studio-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lokales-Sprachmodell-apple-mac-studio-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/apple-mlx-vs-nvidia-jak-funguje-lokalni-odvozovani-ki-na-macu\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Apple MLX vs. NVIDIA: Jak funguje m\u00edstn\u00ed odvozov\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence na Macu<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u017dijeme v neklidn\u00e9 dob\u011b. V\u00e1lka, teror, n\u00e1sil\u00ed - to v\u0161e je op\u011bt velmi aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Ve zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch, v politick\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch, v kulo\u00e1rn\u00edch rozhovorech. Rozhoduje se o v\u00e1lce a m\u00edru, \u010dasto rychle, \u010dasto s velkou rozhodnost\u00ed. P\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed se argumenty, zva\u017euj\u00ed se, zd\u016fvod\u0148uj\u00ed. A p\u0159esto ve mn\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit znepokojen\u00ed. Ne proto, \u017ee bych v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee ... <a title=\"Apple MLX vs. NVIDIA: Jak funguje m\u00edstn\u00ed odvozov\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence na Macu\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/apple-mlx-vs-nvidia-jak-funguje-lokalni-odvozovani-ki-na-macu\/\" aria-label=\"\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce o Apple MLX vs. NVIDIA: Jak funguje lok\u00e1ln\u00ed odvozov\u00e1n\u00ed AI na Macu\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4562,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":51,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,466,456],"tags":[444,458,475,482,447,426,476,484],"class_list":["post-4550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-allgemein","category-gesellschaft","category-gesundheit","tag-denkmodelle","tag-erfahrungen","tag-europa","tag-geopolitik","tag-gesundheit","tag-krisen","tag-meinungsfreiheit","tag-sicherheitspolitik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4550"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4550\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5826,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4550\/revisions\/5826"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}