{"id":4674,"date":"2026-01-31T11:49:16","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T11:49:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/?p=4674"},"modified":"2026-04-22T15:38:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T15:38:24","slug":"co-nam-nasi-dedove-vypraveli-o-valce-a-proc-tyto-hlasy-dnes-chybi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/co-nam-nasi-dedove-vypraveli-o-valce-a-proc-tyto-hlasy-dnes-chybi\/","title":{"rendered":"Co n\u00e1m na\u0161i d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bli o v\u00e1lce - a pro\u010d tyto hlasy dnes chyb\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hodn\u011b se mluv\u00ed o v\u00e1lce. Ve zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch, talk show, koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Snad \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 t\u00e9ma nen\u00ed tak aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed - a z\u00e1rove\u0148 tak podivn\u011b abstraktn\u00ed. \u010c\u00edsla, mapy, frontov\u00e9 linie, hodnocen\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016f. V\u00edme, kde se co d\u011bje, kdo je do toho zapojen a co je v s\u00e1zce. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zcela v\u0161ak chyb\u00ed hlasy t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1lku sp\u00ed\u0161e za\u017eili, ne\u017e vyhl\u00e1sili.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 proto, \u017ee tyto hlasy pomalu utichaj\u00ed. Ale mo\u017en\u00e1 je to tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee jsme zapomn\u011bli, jak jim naslouchat.<!--more--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-543 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-543 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky sou\u010dasnosti<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-543\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"die digitale id der eu: verkn\u00fcpfung, kontrolle und risiken im alltag\" data-id=\"3486\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft tipps &amp; anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"datenschutz eu-gesetze europa prozesse ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/digitalni-identita-eu-propojuje-kontrolu-a-riziko-v-kazdodennim-zivote\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ID EU: propojen\u00ed, kontrola a rizika v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ID EU\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/digitalni-identita-eu-propojuje-kontrolu-a-riziko-v-kazdodennim-zivote\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ID EU: propojen\u00ed, kontrola a rizika v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"wie die pandemie \u00d6konomen in bezug auf inflation, wachstum und wirtschaftliche erholung eines besseren belehrte\" data-id=\"5882\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle deutschland energiepolitik europa geopolitik krisen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/05\/jak-pandemie-ukazala-ze-se-ekonomove-mylili-v-otazce-rustu-inflace-a-hospodarskeho-oziveni\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Jak pandemie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee se ekonomov\u00e9 m\u00fdlili v ot\u00e1zce inflace, r\u016fstu a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho o\u017eiven\u00ed<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"P\u0159edpoklady ekonom\u016f b\u011bhem pandemie\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pandemie-Oekonomen.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pandemie-Oekonomen.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pandemie-Oekonomen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pandemie-Oekonomen-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pandemie-Oekonomen-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/05\/jak-pandemie-ukazala-ze-se-ekonomove-mylili-v-otazce-rustu-inflace-a-hospodarskeho-oziveni\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Jak pandemie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee se ekonomov\u00e9 m\u00fdlili v ot\u00e1zce inflace, r\u016fstu a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho o\u017eiven\u00ed<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"spieltheorie erkl\u00e4rt 25 jahre geopolitik: wie europa seine strategische rolle verlor\" data-id=\"3850\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle deutschland energiepolitik eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen sicherheitspolitik spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/teorie-her-vysvetluje-25-let-geopolitiky-jak-evropa-ztratila-svou-strategickou-roli\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Teorie her vysv\u011btluje 25 let geopolitiky: Jak Evropa ztratila svou strategickou roli<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"765\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Teorie her vysv\u011btluje 25 let geopolitiky\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/europa-russland-spieltheorie.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/europa-russland-spieltheorie.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/europa-russland-spieltheorie-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/europa-russland-spieltheorie-768x574.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/europa-russland-spieltheorie-16x12.jpg 16w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/teorie-her-vysvetluje-25-let-geopolitiky-jak-evropa-ztratila-svou-strategickou-roli\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Teorie her vysv\u011btluje 25 let geopolitiky: Jak Evropa ztratila svou strategickou roli<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"ist t\u00f6ten w\u00fcrdelos? eine n\u00fcchterne frage zu mord, terror und krieg\" data-id=\"4550\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft gesundheit\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle erfahrungen europa geopolitik gesundheit krisen meinungsfreiheit sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/je-zabijeni-bez-dustojnosti-strizlivou-otazkou-o-vrazdeni-teroru-a-valce\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Je zab\u00edjen\u00ed ned\u016fstojn\u00e9? St\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka o vra\u017ed\u011b, teroru a v\u00e1lce<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Je zab\u00edjen\u00ed ned\u016fstojn\u00e9?\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Titel.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Titel.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Titel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Titel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/toeten-wuerdelos-Titel-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/je-zabijeni-bez-dustojnosti-strizlivou-otazkou-o-vrazdeni-teroru-a-valce\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Je zab\u00edjen\u00ed ned\u016fstojn\u00e9? St\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka o vra\u017ed\u011b, teroru a v\u00e1lce<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>V\u00e1lka jako zku\u0161enost - ne jako n\u00e1zor<\/h2>\n<p>Dnes je v\u00e1lka \u010dast\u00fdm t\u00e9matem diskuse. Lid\u00e9 se k n\u00ed stav\u00ed, kategorizuj\u00ed ji, hodnot\u00ed, vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed nebo ji relativizuj\u00ed. To v\u0161e se d\u011bje s v\u011bcnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00e1, kdy\u017e ji konfrontujeme s vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed tam skute\u010dn\u011b byli. Lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nebyli dot\u00e1z\u00e1ni, zda se cht\u011bj\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastnit. Lid\u00ed, pro kter\u00e9 v\u00e1lka nebyla argumentem, ale podm\u00ednkou.<\/p>\n<p>Moji d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 pat\u0159ili k t\u00e9to generaci. O v\u00e1lce \u201enemluvili\u201c, mluvili o n\u00ed - n\u011bkdy nenucen\u011b, n\u011bkdy zara\u017een\u011b, n\u011bkdy ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jste jako d\u00edt\u011b nemohli za\u0159adit. Nebyly to \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 velk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di. Sp\u00ed\u0161 takov\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edpky. Sc\u00e9ny. Post\u0159ehy. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto m\u011bly dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/p>\n<h3>Inspirace pro tento text<\/h3>\n<p>Podn\u011btem k naps\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku nebyla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 kniha ani historick\u00fd dokument, ale kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, n\u00e1hodn\u00e1 v\u011bta, kterou napsal <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harald_Schmidt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harald Schmidt<\/a>. V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m rozhovoru \u0159ekl, \u017ee v na\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1 n\u011bco chyb\u00ed: babi\u010dky a d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed byli je\u0161t\u011b ve v\u00e1lce a mohli o n\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bt.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_MiyL1DRstq8\"><div id=\"lyte_MiyL1DRstq8\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FMiyL1DRstq8%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/MiyL1DRstq8\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FMiyL1DRstq8%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nHarald Schmidt s Monikou Gruber: V\u00e1lka a medi\u00e1ln\u00ed hysterie | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC-7qscJH_SncZvCm9Ty014Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gruabian<\/a><\/p>\n<p>To nebyla patetick\u00e1 v\u011bta. Sp\u00ed\u0161e st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00fd post\u0159eh. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto zas\u00e1hla. Proto\u017ee \u010d\u00edm d\u00e9le o n\u00ed p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edte, t\u00edm je jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: S odchodem t\u00e9to generace miz\u00ed nejen novodob\u00e1 historie, ale tak\u00e9 velmi specifick\u00fd zp\u016fsob mluven\u00ed o n\u00e1sil\u00ed, odpov\u011bdnosti a d\u016fstojnosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Vypr\u00e1v\u011bt m\u00edsto vysv\u011btlovat<\/h3>\n<p>Tyto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy se vyzna\u010dovaly zdr\u017eenlivost\u00ed. Moji d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 m\u00e1lokdy vyn\u00e1\u0161eli soudy. Nevysv\u011btlovali, pro\u010d je n\u011bco spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nebo \u0161patn\u00e9. Popisovali, co se stalo - a n\u011bkdy i to, co to ud\u011blalo s nimi. \u010casto o des\u00edtky let pozd\u011bji, n\u011bkdy jen nep\u0159\u00edmo.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edm se tyto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy z\u00e1sadn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od dne\u0161n\u00edch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch debat. Tam jde o suverenitu v\u00fdkladu, narativy a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed nad\u0159azenost. U d\u011bde\u010dk\u016f \u0161lo o vzpom\u00ednky, kter\u00fdch se nelze zbavit - a o z\u00e1\u017eitky, kter\u00e9 nelze nijak smyslupln\u011b shrnout.<\/p>\n<h3>Generace bez mo\u017enosti volby<\/h3>\n<p>Oba d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 byli voj\u00e1ci. Ne proto, \u017ee by cht\u011bli, ale proto, \u017ee nem\u011bli jinou mo\u017enost. Nouzov\u00e9 maturity, odvody, slu\u017eba. Nebylo to individu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed, ale sou\u010d\u00e1st doby, v n\u00ed\u017e se \u017eivotopisy ur\u010dovaly zven\u010d\u00ed. Ti, kdo dnes zp\u011btn\u011b uplat\u0148uj\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed normy, tento historick\u00fd r\u00e1mec \u010dasto neuzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To neznamen\u00e1 omluvu. Ale znamen\u00e1 to kontext. A kontext je nezbytn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem pro jak\u00e9koli seri\u00f3zn\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d jsou tyto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy dnes t\u011b\u017eko snesiteln\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee tato generace chyb\u00ed nejen proto, \u017ee zest\u00e1rla a zem\u0159ela. Mo\u017en\u00e1 chyb\u00ed tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy jsou nepohodln\u00e9. Nehod\u00ed se do jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdch t\u00e1bor\u016f. Nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 je instrumentalizovat. Jsou v rozporu s jednoduch\u00fdm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm o dobru a zlu, pachateli a ob\u011bti, spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m a \u0161patn\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u011bde\u010dek, kter\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b st\u0159\u00edl\u00ed kolem.<\/li>\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00fd vyd\u00e1 rozkaz - a po desetilet\u00edch pozn\u00e1 d\u00edru v kosteln\u00ed v\u011b\u017ei.<\/li>\n<li>Hudebn\u00edk, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bkem s fl\u00e9tnou, kde lidskost vlastn\u011b nem\u00e1 m\u00edsto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy vy\u017eaduj\u00ed n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e souhlas nebo odm\u00edtnut\u00ed. Vy\u017eaduj\u00ed naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Pam\u011b\u0165 jako odpov\u011bdnost<\/h3>\n<p>D\u0159\u00edve bylo samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed, \u017ee se tyto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy p\u0159ed\u00e1valy d\u00e1l. U kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho stolu, na proch\u00e1zce, ve\u010der v ob\u00fdv\u00e1ku. Ne systematicky, ne pl\u00e1novan\u011b - ale p\u0159\u00edtomn\u011b. Dnes vzpom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e1di delegujeme na muzea, vzpom\u00ednkov\u00e9 dny a dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed filmy. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Ale nenahrad\u00ed to osobn\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek nen\u00ed historick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem v u\u017e\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu. Je pokusem zachytit n\u011bco, co by se jinak ztratilo: tich\u00e9, rozporupln\u00e9, n\u011bkdy t\u011b\u017eko snesiteln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy dvou mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nesli sv\u00e9 povinnosti - a stopy po nich si s sebou nesli po cel\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 obvin\u011bn\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odvol\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text nen\u00ed ani ob\u017ealobou, ani z\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00edm. Nen\u00ed to ani politick\u00fd koment\u00e1\u0159. Je to sb\u00edrka vzpom\u00ednek tak, jak byly vypr\u00e1v\u011bny. Ne\u00fapln\u00e9, subjektivn\u00ed, n\u011bkdy \u00fatr\u017ekovit\u00e9. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jejich pravdivost.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 je v t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch n\u011bco, co v na\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b chyb\u00ed: pokora p\u0159ed v\u00e1le\u010dnou realitou. A ned\u016fv\u011bra k p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00fdm soud\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>O tom je tento text.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum d\u016fv\u011bry v politiku a m\u00e9dia<\/h3>\n<div class='bootstrap-yop yop-poll-mc'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"basic-yop-poll-container\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff; border:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:0px 5px;\" data-id=\"1\" data-temp=\"basic-pretty\" data-skin=\"square\" data-cscheme=\"blue\" data-cap=\"0\" data-access=\"guest\" data-tid=\"\" data-uid=\"11097ec34bebfea518e4979b24a15d3c\" data-pid=\"4550\" data-resdet=\"votes-number,percentages\" data-show-results-to=\"guest\" data-show-results-moment=\"after-vote\" data-show-results-only=\"false\" data-show-message=\"true\" data-show-results-as=\"bar\" data-sort-results-by=\"as-defined\" data-sort-results-rule=\"asc\"data-is-ended=\"0\" data-percentages-decimals=\"2\" data-gdpr=\"no\" data-gdpr-sol=\"consent\" data-css=\"\" data-counter=\"0\" data-load-with=\"1\" data-notification-section=\"top\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"basic-inner\"><div class=\"basic-message hide\" style=\"border-left: 10px solid #008000; padding: 0px 10px;\" data-error=\"#ff0000\" data-success=\"#008000\"><p class=\"basic-message-text\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"basic-overlay hide\"><div class=\"basic-vote-options\"><\/div><div class=\"basic-preloader\"><div class=\"basic-windows8\"><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_1\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_2\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_3\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_4\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_5\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><form class=\"basic-form\" action=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"32e65ab284\" autocomplete=\"off\"><div class=\"basic-elements\"><div class=\"basic-element basic-question basic-question-text-vertical\" data-id=\"1\" data-uid=\"aa6fdda8b3cabca4d008f20dde634bfc\" data-type=\"question\" data-question-type=\"text\" data-required=\"yes\" data-allow-multiple=\"no\" data-min=\"1\" data-max=\"1\" data-display=\"vertical\" data-colnum=\"\" data-display-others=\"no\" data-others-color=\"\" data-others=\"\" data-others-max-chars=\"0\"><div class=\"basic-question-title\"><h5 style=\"color:#000000; font-size:16px; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;\">Jakou d\u016fv\u011bru m\u00e1te v politiku a m\u00e9dia v N\u011bmecku?<\/h5><\/div><ul class=\"basic-answers\"><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"1\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"10\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[1]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[1]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"1\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Velmi vysok\u00e1 - pln\u011b d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uji ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"2\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"26\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[2]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[2]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"2\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">St\u0159edn\u00ed - Jsem opatrn\u00fd, ale ne z\u00e1sadn\u011b podez\u0159\u00edvav\u00fd.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"3\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"55\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[3]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[3]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"3\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">N\u00edzk\u00e1 - mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed si kontroluji s\u00e1m<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"4\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"253\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[4]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[4]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"4\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed - domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 je zast\u0159en\u00e9 nebo zinscenovan\u00e9.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-vote\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"button basic-vote-button\" role=\"button\" style=\"background:#027bb8; border:0px; border-style: solid; border-color:#1636f0; border-radius:5px; padding:10px 10px; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\">Hlasujte na<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"cs\"\/><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Dva d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9, generace bez mo\u017enosti volby<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se dnes mluv\u00ed o v\u00e1lce, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy je v tom obsa\u017eena ot\u00e1zka: Pro\u010d jsme se j\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastnili?<br \/>\nTato ot\u00e1zka je pochopiteln\u00e1, ale \u010dasto se klade nespr\u00e1vn\u011b. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 svobodu volby, kter\u00e1 pro generaci m\u00fdch prarodi\u010d\u016f neexistovala.<\/p>\n<p>Oba byli voj\u00e1ci. Ne z p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, ne z touhy po dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed, ne z politick\u00e9ho z\u00e1palu. Ale proto\u017ee jimi m\u011bli b\u00fdt. Jeden s nouzov\u00fdm maturitn\u00edm vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00edm, druh\u00fd norm\u00e1ln\u00ed brannou cestou. \u017divot v tu chv\u00edli nepl\u00e1noval \u017e\u00e1dnou odbo\u010dku.<\/p>\n<h3>Povinnost jako norm\u00e1ln\u00ed stav<\/h3>\n<p>Pro tuto generaci nebyla povinnost velk\u00fdm slovem. Byla to podm\u00ednka. N\u011bco, co jste neust\u00e1le nezpochyb\u0148ovali, ale p\u0159ij\u00edmali - stejn\u011b jako p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1te po\u010das\u00ed nebo \u0161patnou \u00farodu. Mohli jste si na ni st\u011b\u017eovat, mohli jste se j\u00ed sna\u017eit vnit\u0159n\u011b uniknout, ale t\u011b\u017eko jste j\u00ed mohli uniknout.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes se lid\u00e9 r\u00e1di ohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed zp\u011bt a ptaj\u00ed se, pro\u010d prost\u011b ne\u0159ekli \u201ene\u201c. Tato ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed logicky, ale prozrazuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jednu v\u011bc: nedostatek citu pro realitu doby. \u201eNe\u201c nebylo pouh\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed, ale rozchod se v\u0161\u00edm - s rodinou, s prost\u0159ed\u00edm, s p\u0159e\u017eit\u00edm. Kdo to dnes z bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho odstupu p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, plete si odvahu s anachronismem.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00ed hrdinov\u00e9, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ery<\/h3>\n<p>Moji d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 nebyli hrdinov\u00e9. Ale nebyli to ani monstra. Byli to lid\u00e9 v historick\u00e9 situaci, kterou si dnes jen t\u011b\u017eko dok\u00e1\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit - a mo\u017en\u00e1 u\u017e ani nechceme.<\/p>\n<p>To, co \u0159ekli, nikdy nebylo hrdinsk\u00e9. Ne\u0161lo o v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed nebo strategickou chytrost. Bylo to o chladu, hladu, strachu, \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed. Bylo to o situac\u00edch, v nich\u017e jste museli fungovat, proto\u017ee my\u0161len\u00ed bylo nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. A o rozhodnut\u00edch, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla m\u00e9n\u011b spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s mor\u00e1lkou ne\u017e s p\u0159e\u017eit\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato st\u0159\u00edzlivost odli\u0161uje jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy od mnoha pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch interpretac\u00ed v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n<h3>Ticho mezi p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy<\/h3>\n<p>Zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed bylo nejen to, co bylo \u0159e\u010deno, ale i to, co \u0159e\u010deno nebylo. Mezi anekdotami byly \u010dasto dlouh\u00e9 pauzy. T\u00e9mata, kter\u00fdch se nikdo nedotkl. Ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 jste jako d\u00edt\u011b tu\u0161ili, ale nekladli jste je. Ne ze strachu, ale z instinktivn\u00edho respektu.<\/p>\n<p>Toto ml\u010den\u00ed nebylo repres\u00ed v klasick\u00e9m slova smyslu. Sp\u00ed\u0161e \u0161lo o formu sebeobrany - a mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 o ohleduplnost k poslucha\u010d\u016fm. Koneckonc\u016f ti, kdo vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed, nep\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vzpom\u00ednky, ale tak\u00e9 vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed b\u0159emeno do rukou druh\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00e1lka jako \u017eivotopisn\u00fd zlom<\/h3>\n<p>Pro oba d\u011bde\u010dky nebyla v\u00e1lka uzav\u0159enou kapitolou, kterou by po n\u00e1vratu dom\u016f jednodu\u0161e uzav\u0159eli. Byl to zlomov\u00fd okam\u017eik, kter\u00fd formoval jejich dal\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot - n\u011bkdy viditeln\u011b, jindy nen\u00e1padn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Volba povol\u00e1n\u00ed, rodinn\u00fd \u017eivot, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konflikt\u016f, dokonce i t\u011blo: mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed dostalo jin\u00fd v\u00fdznam a\u017e p\u0159i zp\u011btn\u00e9m pohledu. Ne v\u0161echno se dalo jednozna\u010dn\u011b za\u0159adit. Ale v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 zku\u0161enost tu byla v\u017edycky, jako tich\u00fd podt\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>To je mo\u017en\u00e1 jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch omyl\u016f modern\u00edho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1lky: p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee v\u00e1lka kon\u010d\u00ed posledn\u00edm v\u00fdst\u0159elem. Pro posti\u017een\u00e9 \u010dasto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ta dlouh\u00e1, neok\u00e1zal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st a\u017e pot\u00e9 - pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<h3>Historick\u00fd odstup a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed zkratky<\/h3>\n<p>Je l\u00e1kav\u00e9 vyn\u00e1\u0161et jasn\u00e9 soudy z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu. Mor\u00e1ln\u00ed sou\u0159adnice se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9, historick\u00e1 fakta dostupn\u00e1. Tato jasnost v\u0161ak \u010dasto vznik\u00e1 pouze d\u00edky \u010dasov\u00e9mu odstupu. Ti, kdo jsou uprost\u0159ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, ji nemaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Moji d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 se nikdy nesna\u017eili ospravedlnit sv\u016fj \u010das. Ale ani se nenechali p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b odsoudit. Jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy nebyly obhajobou. Byly to v\u00fdpov\u011bdi o jejich zku\u0161enostech.<\/p>\n<p>A mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom je jejich s\u00edla: nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed souhlas, ale pozornost.<\/p>\n<h3>Genera\u010dn\u00ed rozd\u00edly v my\u0161len\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Rozd\u00edl v \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed viny a odpov\u011bdnosti je tak\u00e9 markantn\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco dne\u0161n\u00ed debaty maj\u00ed tendenci oboj\u00ed jasn\u011b personalizovat, my\u0161len\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 generace bylo \u010dasto syst\u00e9mov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed - ani\u017e by toto slovo znala.<\/p>\n<p>Byl jste sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed apar\u00e1tu. To v\u00e1s nezbavuje odpov\u011bdnosti, ale m\u011bn\u00ed to jej\u00ed podobu. O odpov\u011bdnosti se nediskutovalo, odpov\u011bdnost se nesla. N\u011bkdy ti\u0161e, n\u011bkdy po cel\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p>Z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu se tento postoj zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 dokonce dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00fd. Vysv\u011btluje v\u0161ak, pro\u010d mnoz\u00ed z t\u011bchto lid\u00ed o sv\u00e9 minulosti nemluvili nahlas - a pro\u010d bylo jejich n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o to d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u00edvat se dop\u0159edu, ne dozadu<\/h3>\n<p>Oba d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 byli po v\u00e1lce sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem pragmatici. \u0160lo o obnovu, zalo\u017een\u00ed rodiny, nalezen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, nastolen\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota. Minulost nebyla potla\u010dena, ale ani se nestala st\u0159edobodem \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee by neexistovaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed boje. Ale jen z\u0159\u00eddkakdy se projevovaly navenek. Snad proto, \u017ee lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee jim \u017eivot nedlu\u017e\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou kompenzaci. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee se \u010dlov\u011bk nau\u010dil \u017e\u00edt s nedokon\u010den\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<h3>Miz\u00edc\u00ed generace<\/h3>\n<p>Se smrt\u00ed t\u00e9to generace miz\u00ed nejen osobn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, ale tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00fd postoj k \u017eivotu. Postoj, kter\u00fd byl zalo\u017een m\u00e9n\u011b na vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e na zku\u0161enosti. M\u00e9n\u011b na posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e na p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00edlem t\u00e9to kapitoly nen\u00ed vytvo\u0159it m\u00fdtus. Jej\u00edm c\u00edlem je zachytit n\u011bco, co by se jinak ztratilo: kontext, v n\u011bm\u017e se n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Dva \u017eivoty, kter\u00e9 formovala doba, v n\u00ed\u017e byly mo\u017enosti volby omezen\u00e9 - a v n\u00ed\u017e byla rozhodnut\u00ed \u010dasto rozpozn\u00e1na jako takov\u00e1 a\u017e zp\u011btn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Odtud lze l\u00e9pe pochopit jednotliv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy. Ne jako jednotliv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady, ale jako v\u00fdraz generace, kter\u00e1 se nau\u010dila \u017e\u00edt s nejistotou - a jej\u00edmi d\u016fsledky.<\/p>\n<h2>D\u011bde\u010dek, kter\u00fd \u00famysln\u011b minul<\/h2>\n<p>Jsou p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, kter\u00e9 nelze vypr\u00e1v\u011bt nahlas. Ne proto, \u017ee by byly velkolep\u00e9, ale proto, \u017ee se dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed vysv\u011btlit. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh m\u00e9ho d\u011bde\u010dka je jedn\u00edm z nich. Byl na front\u011b, kdesi na v\u00fdchod\u011b, v z\u00e1kopech. A vypr\u00e1v\u011bl mi, \u017ee z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b st\u0159\u00edlel p\u0159es lidi tak \u010dasto, jak jen mohl.<\/p>\n<p>Ne vedle n\u011bj. Ne od n\u011bj. Ale v\u011bdom\u011b nad n\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4679 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Schiessen.jpg\" alt=\"D\u011bde\u010dek, kter\u00fd \u00famysln\u011b minul\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Schiessen.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Schiessen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Schiessen-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Schiessen-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 sc\u00e9na, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 gesto<\/h3>\n<p>Nikdy tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nevypr\u00e1v\u011bl dramaticky. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd patos, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 chv\u011bn\u00ed v hlase. Byly to sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u011bcn\u00e9 v\u011bty, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nenucen\u00e9, jako kdy\u017e \u0159ekne, \u017ee pr\u0161\u00ed nebo je zima. Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky t\u00e9to v\u011bcnosti to bylo tak p\u016fsobiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Ne\u0159ekl: <em>Byl jsem state\u010dn\u00fd.<\/em><br \/>\nNe\u0159ekl: <em>Kladl jsem odpor.<\/em><br \/>\n\u0158ekl pouze analogicky: <em>Necht\u011bl jsem nikoho zab\u00edt.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>To je jednoduch\u00e1 v\u011bta. A z\u00e1rove\u0148 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Rozhodnut\u00ed z donucen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Co se \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed: Toto rozhodnut\u00ed nebylo u\u010din\u011bno v mor\u00e1ln\u00edm vakuu. Bylo u\u010din\u011bno uprost\u0159ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. V situaci, kdy se o\u010dek\u00e1vala poslu\u0161nost, kdy fungov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo nezbytn\u00e9 pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a kdy odchylka mohla b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Nebylo to rozhodnut\u00ed proti v\u00e1lce. Bylo to rozhodnut\u00ed ve v\u00e1lce. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jeho v\u00fdznam. Nevyhnul se zab\u00edjen\u00ed \u00fat\u011bkem nebo odm\u00edtnut\u00edm - oboj\u00ed bylo sotva mo\u017en\u00e9 -, ale minim\u00e1ln\u00edm posunem ve sv\u00e9m jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Naplnil vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formu a st\u00e1hl vnit\u0159n\u00ed j\u00e1dro.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fstojnost v mal\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku<\/h3>\n<p>D\u016fstojnost je dnes \u010dasto spojov\u00e1na s velk\u00fdmi gesty. S ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm vystupov\u00e1n\u00edm, s jasn\u00fdmi z\u00e1vazky. Ve v\u00e1lce pro to nen\u00ed m\u00edsto. D\u016fstojnost se neprojevuje ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, ale v mal\u00e9m. V rozhodnut\u00edch, kter\u00e1 nikdo nevid\u00ed. V \u010dinech, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed sv\u011bdky.<\/p>\n<p>St\u0159\u00edlet po n\u011bkom nen\u00ed hrdinsk\u00fd \u010din. Nen\u00ed to projev s\u00edly. Je to tich\u00e1 forma odporu - pokud v\u016fbec chcete toto slovo pou\u017e\u00edt. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mluvit o sebeprosazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u016fstal s\u00e1m se sebou, kde v\u0161e sm\u011b\u0159ovalo k rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jedince.<\/p>\n<h3>Ot\u00e1zka viny<\/h3>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka viny samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 a\u017e zp\u011btn\u011b. Mohl ud\u011blat v\u00edc? M\u011bl jednat jinak? Tyto ot\u00e1zky jsou pochopiteln\u00e9 - ale \u010dasto neplodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee by existovala jasn\u00e1 a jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 alternativa. Mo\u017enost, kter\u00e1 by nem\u011bla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Tento p\u0159edpoklad je sice pohodln\u00fd, ale myln\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>M\u016fj d\u011bde\u010dek netvrdil, \u017ee je nevinn\u00fd. Ani se nesna\u017eil o\u010distit. Prost\u011b mi \u0159ekl, kde je jeho hranice - a \u017ee ji nep\u0159ekro\u010dil.<\/p>\n<h3>Vnit\u0159n\u00ed hranice<\/h3>\n<p>O t\u00e9to hranici se nedalo vyjedn\u00e1vat. Nebyla v\u00fdsledkem dlouh\u00e9ho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale vnit\u0159n\u00ed jistotou. N\u011bco, co mo\u017en\u00e1 nedok\u00e1\u017eete zd\u016fvodnit, ale p\u0159esto to c\u00edt\u00edte.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edm se tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh li\u0161\u00ed od pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mor\u00e1ln\u00edch konstrukc\u00ed. Nen\u00ed teoretick\u00fd. Je existenci\u00e1ln\u00ed. Neklade ot\u00e1zky: <em>Co je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9? <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ale sp\u00ed\u0161e: <em>Na \u010dem se mohu dohodnout s\u00e1m se sebou?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tato ot\u00e1zka se nevyskytuje pouze ve v\u00e1lce. Ve v\u00e1lce se v\u0161ak st\u00e1v\u00e1 radik\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 odsuzov\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u00fdch<\/h3>\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 to, co ne\u0159ekl. Nikdy neodsuzoval ostatn\u00ed voj\u00e1ky. Nikdy netvrdil, \u017ee jednali \u0161patn\u011b. Nikdy nestanovil hierarchii mor\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n<p>Nevypr\u00e1v\u011bl sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, aby vynikl, ale aby n\u011bco sd\u011blil. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 proto, aby se n\u011b\u010deho zbavil. Ale rozhodn\u011b ne proto, aby se vyvy\u0161oval nad ostatn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b to dod\u00e1v\u00e1 tomuto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu na d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti. Nen\u00ed to mor\u00e1ln\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Je to osobn\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n<h3>Pozdn\u00ed realizace<\/h3>\n<p>Jako d\u00edt\u011b jsem tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh sly\u0161el, ani\u017e bych mu rozum\u011bl. Zn\u011blo to podivn\u011b, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rozporupln\u011b. Teprve mnohem pozd\u011bji jsem si uv\u011bdomil, kolik toho v t\u00e9to jedin\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b je.<\/p>\n<p>Nezab\u00edjet tam, kde se zab\u00edjen\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed. Je to v\u011bdom\u00e1 odchylka. A je to za cenu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 ne hned, ale z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska. Proto\u017ee ti, kdo se vnit\u0159n\u011b br\u00e1n\u00ed, si toto nap\u011bt\u00ed nesou s sebou. To se jen tak nerozplyne.<\/p>\n<h3>Souvislost s pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u017eivotem<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i zp\u011btn\u00e9m pohledu se toto rozhodnut\u00ed jev\u00ed jako p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9. Bod, kdy bylo o n\u011b\u010dem rozhodnuto. Ne jako hrdinsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, ale jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed hranice, kter\u00e1 nebyla pozd\u011bji p\u0159ekro\u010dena.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 to tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d pro n\u011bj v\u00e1lka po jej\u00edm ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm skon\u010den\u00ed jednodu\u0161e neskon\u010dila. Rozhodnut\u00ed u\u010din\u011bn\u00e1 pod extr\u00e9mn\u00edm tlakem zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed stopy. I kdy\u017e se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt \u201espr\u00e1vn\u00e1\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Nebo pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy.<\/p>\n<h3>Zab\u00edjen\u00ed a d\u016fstojnost<\/h3>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e1 se net\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze v\u00e1lky: ot\u00e1zky lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti - a to i v na\u0161em vlastn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Zab\u00edjen\u00ed je nezvratn\u00fd \u010din. M\u011bn\u00ed nejen \u017eivoty druh\u00fdch, ale i ten vlastn\u00ed. V dal\u0161\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku proto pokl\u00e1d\u00e1m jednoduchou ot\u00e1zku: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/je-zabijeni-bez-dustojnosti-strizlivou-otazkou-o-vrazdeni-teroru-a-valce\/\"><strong>Je zab\u00edjen\u00ed ned\u016fstojn\u00e9?<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>M\u016fj d\u011bde\u010dek si tuto hranici nakreslil s\u00e1m. V tichosti. Bez publika. Bez ochrany. To, \u017ee o n\u00ed mluvil, je mo\u017en\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00fd akt jej\u00edho p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed. Ne jako vzor, ne jako m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko. Ale jako v\u00fdzva k zamy\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Tich\u00e1 forma postoje<\/h3>\n<p>V dob\u011b, kdy se \u010dasto hlasit\u011b obhajuj\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed postoje, p\u016fsob\u00ed tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cize. Obejde se bez m\u00f3dn\u00edch slov. Bez apelu. Bez po\u017eadavk\u016f. Ukazuje, \u017ee postoj nen\u00ed v\u017edy vid\u011bt. \u017de se n\u011bkdy projevuje minim\u00e1ln\u00edm pohybem - zvednut\u00edm hlavn\u011b zbran\u011b o n\u011bkolik stup\u0148\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>To bylo v\u0161e. A v\u00edc to nepot\u0159ebovalo.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-544 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 10px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-544 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o N\u011bmecku<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-544\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-list2 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"cancel culture im westen: sport, universit\u00e4ten, milit\u00e4r und eu-sanktionen analysiert\" data-id=\"5009\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle deutschland europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit sicherheitspolitik spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/zrusit-kulturu-na-zapade-sportovni-univerzity-vojenske-a-eu-sankce-analyzovany\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Zru\u0161it kulturu na Z\u00e1pad\u011b: anal\u00fdza sportu, univerzit, arm\u00e1dy a sankc\u00ed EU<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Zru\u0161it kulturu na Z\u00e1pad\u011b\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/zrusit-kulturu-na-zapade-sportovni-univerzity-vojenske-a-eu-sankce-analyzovany\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Zru\u0161it kulturu na Z\u00e1pad\u011b: anal\u00fdza sportu, univerzit, arm\u00e1dy a sankc\u00ed EU<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"kriegst\u00fcchtigkeit, wehrpflicht &#038; verweigerung: was im ernstfall zu tun ist\" data-id=\"2966\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher gesellschaft tipps &amp; anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"buch deutschland geopolitik gesundheit krisen pers\u00f6nlichkeitsentwicklung ratgeber sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/vyhrada-svedomi-vuci-vojenske-sluzbe-co-delat-v-pripade-nouze\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 zp\u016fsobilost, odvody a odm\u00edtnut\u00ed: co d\u011blat v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Brann\u00e1 povinnost: odm\u00edtnut\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/vyhrada-svedomi-vuci-vojenske-sluzbe-co-delat-v-pripade-nouze\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 zp\u016fsobilost, odvody a odm\u00edtnut\u00ed: co d\u011blat v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"woher stammt sars-cov-2? ein sachlicher \u00dcberblick \u00fcber alle corona-theorien\" data-id=\"3521\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft gesundheit\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland gesundheit krisen sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/odkud-pochazi-sars-cov-2-vecny-prehled-vsech-teorii-o-korone\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Odkud SARS-CoV-2 poch\u00e1z\u00ed? V\u011bcn\u00fd p\u0159ehled v\u0161ech teori\u00ed o koron\u011b<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"728\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"SARS-CoV-2 - Corona\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sars-covii-corona.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sars-covii-corona.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sars-covii-corona-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sars-covii-corona-768x546.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sars-covii-corona-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/odkud-pochazi-sars-cov-2-vecny-prehled-vsech-teorii-o-korone\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Odkud SARS-CoV-2 poch\u00e1z\u00ed? V\u011bcn\u00fd p\u0159ehled v\u0161ech teori\u00ed o koron\u011b<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"ulrike gu\u00e9rot: eine europ\u00e4erin zwischen idee, universit\u00e4t und \u00f6ffentlichem diskurs\" data-id=\"4039\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle deutschland europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit portrait sicherheitspolitik spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/ulrike-guerot-evropsky-mezi-ideou-univerzity-a-verejnym-diskurzem\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Ulrike Gu\u00e9rot: Evropanka mezi my\u0161lenkou, univerzitou a ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm diskurzem<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Ulrike Gu\u00e9rot a Evropa\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/ulrike-guerot-portrait.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/ulrike-guerot-portrait.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/ulrike-guerot-portrait-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/ulrike-guerot-portrait-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/ulrike-guerot-portrait-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/ulrike-guerot-evropsky-mezi-ideou-univerzity-a-verejnym-diskurzem\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Ulrike Gu\u00e9rot: Evropanka mezi my\u0161lenkou, univerzitou a ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm diskurzem<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Fl\u00e9tnista v zajet\u00ed - hudba jako z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 lano<\/h2>\n<p>D\u011bde\u010dek, o kter\u00e9m mluv\u00edm, byl hudebn\u00edkem od \u00fatl\u00e9ho v\u011bku. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b nebyl profesion\u00e1ln\u00edm hudebn\u00edkem v dne\u0161n\u00edm slova smyslu, nebyl virtuosem pro velk\u00e1 p\u00f3dia. Ale byl to \u010dlov\u011bk, pro kter\u00e9ho hudba nebyla kon\u00ed\u010dkem, ale sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jeho identity. Hr\u00e1l na fl\u00e9tnu a tento n\u00e1stroj pro n\u011bj byl v\u00edc ne\u017e jen p\u0159edm\u011bt. Byla to jeho \u201emil\u00e1\u010dek\u201c, jak ji naz\u00fdval. N\u011bco, co ho doprov\u00e1zelo, co ho organizovalo, co ho dr\u017eelo p\u0159i sob\u011b. Po v\u00e1lce se stal s\u00f3lov\u00fdm fl\u00e9tnistou ve st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9m n\u011bmeck\u00e9m divadle a svou hudbou t\u011b\u0161il publikum po mnoho desetilet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dojemn\u00fd. Nen\u00ed o boji, nen\u00ed o rozkazu a poslu\u0161nosti, ale o snaze z\u016fstat \u010dlov\u011bkem, kdy\u017e v\u0161e bylo vytvo\u0159eno tak, aby lidi zlomilo.<\/p>\n<h3>Vzd\u00e1n\u00ed se toho nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho<\/h3>\n<p>Kdy\u017e byl zajat Rusy a deportov\u00e1n, v\u011bd\u011bl jist\u011b jedno: o tuto fl\u00e9tnu nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edt. V\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed bylo nahraditeln\u00e9. Oble\u010den\u00ed, zavazadla, dokonce i osobn\u00ed v\u011bci. Ale ne tento n\u00e1stroj.<\/p>\n<p>To, \u017ee se mu ji v\u016fbec poda\u0159ilo zachr\u00e1nit, hrani\u010d\u00ed s nepravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed. Ve vlaku, n\u011bkde na cest\u011b na v\u00fdchod, nepropa\u0161oval fl\u00e9tnu pod oble\u010den\u00ed ani do zavazadla - m\u00edsto toho vyu\u017eil p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a polo\u017eil ji na st\u0159echu vagonu. Vystr\u010dil ji oknem nahoru v nad\u011bji, \u017ee tam z\u016fstane.<\/p>\n<p>Tohle nen\u00ed hrdinsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Je to akt zoufalstv\u00ed - a z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u016fv\u011bry. Doslova se vzdal toho nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, co m\u011bl. A doufal, \u017ee ho nakonec op\u011bt najde.<\/p>\n<p>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee fl\u00e9tna tam skute\u010dn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b byla, kdy\u017e vlak p\u0159ijel, je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vedlej\u0161\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee se o to pokusil.<\/p>\n<h3>Zajet\u00ed a ztr\u00e1ta role<\/h3>\n<p>V zajet\u00ed byl zpo\u010d\u00e1tku t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed: V\u011bzn\u011bm. \u010c\u00edslo. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed masy. Jeho vlastn\u00ed \u017eivotopis u\u017e nehr\u00e1l roli. P\u016fvod, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, schopnosti - v\u0161e bylo srovn\u00e1no.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201e\u0442\u044b \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0442 - \u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0442\u201c<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Rusov\u00e9 mu pr\u00fd nejprve \u0159ekli - co\u017e znamen\u00e1 n\u011bco jako:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201eVy jste hudebn\u00edk? Ty jsi malinger!\u201c<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>A p\u0159ece n\u011bco z\u016fstalo. Fl\u00e9tna tam byla. A s n\u00ed i vzpom\u00ednka, \u017ee je v\u00edc ne\u017e to, co z n\u011bj bylo vytvo\u0159eno.<\/p>\n<p>V jednu chv\u00edli za\u010dal hr\u00e1t. Ne ve\u0159ejn\u011b, ne demonstrativn\u011b. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 sp\u00ed\u0161 pro sebe, mo\u017en\u00e1 pro p\u00e1r dal\u0161\u00edch. Hudba jako \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b. Jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed prostor. Jako tich\u00fd odpor proti uml\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Strach ze ztr\u00e1ty<\/h3>\n<p>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee si t\u00e9to hry na fl\u00e9tnu n\u011bkdo v\u0161iml, nebyla zpo\u010d\u00e1tku dobrou zpr\u00e1vou. Kdy\u017e se o tom dozv\u011bd\u011bl rusk\u00fd voj\u00e1k a p\u0159i\u0161el k n\u011bmu, jeho prvn\u00ed reakc\u00ed byl strach. Ne abstraktn\u00ed strach, ale konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed strach:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Nyn\u00ed je fl\u00e9tna pry\u010d. <\/em><br \/>\n<em>Te\u010f jsem toho uk\u00e1zal p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho. <\/em><br \/>\n<em>Nyn\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed trest.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Tato reakce je pochopiteln\u00e1. V syst\u00e9mu zalo\u017een\u00e9m na kontrole je ka\u017ed\u00e1 odchylka riskantn\u00ed. Um\u011bn\u00ed, hudba, individualita - to v\u0161e tam vypad\u00e1 podez\u0159ele.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e ho voj\u00e1k odvedl, strach je\u0161t\u011b zes\u00edlil. A kdy\u017e se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee jde ke kapit\u00e1novi, zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee se to potvrdilo. V\u00edce moci, v\u00edce nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, v\u00edce nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnosti.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201eZahrajte si n\u011bco\u201c<\/h3>\n<p>Okam\u017eik, kdy ho kapit\u00e1n po\u017e\u00e1dal, aby n\u011bco zahr\u00e1l, znamen\u00e1 zlom. Ne hlasit\u011b, ne dramaticky. Ale z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Stalo se tu n\u011bco, co je ve v\u00e1lce vz\u00e1cn\u00e9: \u010dlov\u011bk nebyl posuzov\u00e1n podle sv\u00e9 funkce, ale podle toho, co um\u011bl - a k\u00fdm byl. Ne jako voj\u00e1k, ne jako zajatec, ale jako hudebn\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p>Co hr\u00e1l, je nakonec nepodstatn\u00e9. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee hr\u00e1l. \u017de m\u011bl odvahu v t\u00e9to situaci neml\u010det. \u017de ze sebe neud\u011blal men\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e za jak\u00e9ho u\u017e byl vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4680 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Musik.jpg\" alt=\"D\u011bde\u010dek, kter\u00fd hraje na fl\u00e9tnu v zajet\u00ed\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Musik.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Musik-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Musik-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Musik-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u010clov\u011bk pozn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bka<\/h3>\n<p>Kapit\u00e1n poslouchal. To nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejmost. Naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed je ve v\u00e1lce v\u00fdjimkou. Znamen\u00e1 to na chv\u00edli opustit svou roli, vzd\u00e1t se odstupu, nechat se zas\u00e1hnout.<\/p>\n<p>To, co se stalo potom, nebylo nikdy p\u0159ikr\u00e1\u0161leno. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd patos, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed. Ale d\u016fsledek byl jasn\u00fd: d\u011bde\u010dek nebyl potrest\u00e1n. Naopak. Byl chr\u00e1n\u011bn. Byl zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn. U\u010din\u011bn \u201eobl\u00edbencem\u201c, jak to s\u00e1m naz\u00fdval - slovo, kter\u00e9 v tomto kontextu zn\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 absurdn\u011b. Bylo mu \u0159e\u010deno, aby od t\u00e9 doby \u010dast\u011bji hr\u00e1l hudbu, co\u017e tak\u00e9 d\u011blal.<\/p>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, abyste tuto sc\u00e9nu nepochopili \u0161patn\u011b. Nejde o oslavu v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed. Nen\u00ed d\u016fkazem lidskosti syst\u00e9mu. Je to v\u00fdjimka, a pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je tak p\u016fsobiv\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Hudba jako most<\/h3>\n<p>Ne\u0161lo o n\u00e1rodnost, ideologii ani moc. Byla to hudba. N\u011bco, co existuje mimo p\u0159\u00edkazy. N\u011bco, co nen\u00ed t\u0159eba p\u0159ekl\u00e1dat. Pozd\u011bji m\u016fj d\u011bda dokonce \u0159ekl, \u017ee toto obdob\u00ed bylo jedn\u00edm z nejlep\u0161\u00edch v jeho \u017eivot\u011b - jakkoli absurdn\u011b to m\u016f\u017ee zn\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>V tu chv\u00edli hudba p\u0159eklenula frontovou linii. Ne trvalou, ne politickou, ale skute\u010dnou. Na okam\u017eik se dva lid\u00e9 nestali protivn\u00edky, ale poslucha\u010di a hr\u00e1\u010di. Jednou mi d\u011bde\u010dek vypr\u00e1v\u011bl, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed ru\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci a kapit\u00e1n byli dokonce trochu smutn\u00ed, kdy\u017e d\u011bde\u010dka propustili ze zajet\u00ed a vr\u00e1tili se do N\u011bmecka, proto\u017ee tehdy hudba p\u0159estala hr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e1lku to nezachr\u00e1nilo. Ale mo\u017en\u00e1 to zachr\u00e1nilo \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 mor\u00e1lka<\/h3>\n<p>M\u016fj d\u011bde\u010dek tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nikdy nevypr\u00e1v\u011bl jako d\u016fkaz toho, \u017ee lid\u00e9 jsou dob\u0159\u00ed. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bl ho proto, \u017ee pro n\u011bj z\u016fstal nepochopiteln\u00fd. Proto\u017ee ukazoval, jak tenk\u00e1 je hranice mezi ztr\u00e1tou a zachov\u00e1n\u00edm vlastn\u00ed d\u016fstojnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Z toho si nevzal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ponau\u010den\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd po\u017eadavek. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh st\u00e1l s\u00e1m za sebe. A fungoval - pr\u00e1v\u011b proto.<\/p>\n<h3>Dozvuky dodnes<\/h3>\n<p>Tato epizoda v n\u00e1s zanechala hlubok\u00fd dojem. Nejen pro n\u011bj, ale i pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed ji sly\u0161eli. Mo\u017en\u00e1 proto, \u017ee ukazuje, jak k\u0159ehk\u00e1 je lidskost - a jak \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt.<\/p>\n<p>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh i po desetilet\u00edch doj\u00edm\u00e1, nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mkou sentimentality. Je to zn\u00e1mka toho, \u017ee se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 n\u011b\u010deho, co je nad\u010dasov\u00e9: ot\u00e1zky, co z\u016fstane, kdy\u017e v\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed je pry\u010d.<\/p>\n<h3>Kultura jako posledn\u00ed zast\u00e1vka<\/h3>\n<p>Zbran\u011b, pochody a rozkazy se objevuj\u00ed v mnoha v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch. Z\u0159\u00eddkakdy v\u0161ak n\u00e1stroje. A p\u0159itom pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto zd\u00e1nliv\u011b bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u011bci \u010dasto rozhoduj\u00ed. Kniha. P\u00edse\u0148. Melodie.<\/p>\n<p>Pro m\u00e9ho d\u011bde\u010dka to byla fl\u00e9tna. Nevysvobodila ho ze zajet\u00ed. Ale udr\u017eela ho u sebe. A to je mo\u017en\u00e1 ten nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i zp\u011btn\u00e9m pohledu se tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh jev\u00ed jako zlomov\u00fd - ne ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00e1lky, ale ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm pro\u017eitku. Uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee i v syst\u00e9mu donucen\u00ed mohou existovat prostory, v nich\u017e plat\u00ed n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>Ne v\u017edy. Ne pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. Ale n\u011bkdy ano. A mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to \u201en\u011bkdy\u201c sta\u010d\u00ed k tomu, aby se \u010dlov\u011bk udr\u017eel v \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Tato kapitola stoj\u00ed mezi z\u00e1kopy a zajet\u00edm, mezi n\u00e1sil\u00edm a p\u0159e\u017eit\u00edm. Ukazuje jinou formu odporu: ne proti nep\u0159\u00edteli, ale proti redukci lid\u00ed na jejich roli. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto pat\u0159\u00ed do tohoto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n<h3>Hlasy, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed - 100 let sta\u0159\u00ed sv\u011bdci o druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce<\/h3>\n<p>Daniel Pleunik str\u00e1vil rok rozhovory s v\u00edce ne\u017e dvaceti stolet\u00fdmi sv\u011bdky druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9ho mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho m\u00edrov\u00e9ho projektu. Tito velmi sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 v chronologick\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed popisuj\u00ed, jak v\u00e1lku pro\u017e\u00edvali - a co je podle nich dnes nutn\u00e9 ud\u011blat, aby se historie neopakovala.  V\u00fdsledkem je p\u016fsobiv\u00fd dokument sou\u010dasn\u00fdch sv\u011bdk\u016f k 80. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed konce v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_L4AvWyhv498\"><div id=\"lyte_L4AvWyhv498\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FL4AvWyhv498%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/L4AvWyhv498\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FL4AvWyhv498%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nSto let sta\u0159\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00edci vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed o druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@danielpleunik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Daniel Pleunik<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tento projekt byl mo\u017en\u00fd jen d\u00edky d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e rodin, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za jednotliv\u00fdmi sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi sv\u011bdky. Jim pat\u0159\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee bez jejich souhlasu by tento cenn\u00fd dokument nemohl vzniknout. Rozhovory byly vedeny soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s Pleunikovou prac\u00ed kvalifikovan\u00e9ho zdravotnick\u00e9ho a o\u0161et\u0159ovatelsk\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka - poh\u00e1n\u011bla ho jasn\u00e1 touha osobn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bt k m\u00edru.<\/p>\n<h2>N\u00e1hoda, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a vina - p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh na strom\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 za\u0159adit, proto\u017ee podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed jakoukoli zn\u00e1mou logiku. Nezapadaj\u00ed ani do vzorce state\u010dnosti, ani do vzorce viny. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o stromu je jedn\u00edm z nich. Poch\u00e1z\u00ed od druh\u00e9ho d\u011bde\u010dka - toho, kter\u00fd nem\u011bl jasno v tom, co za v\u00e1lky ud\u011blal a co ne. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato nejasnost \u010din\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh tak znepokojiv\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p>Je to p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o n\u00e1hod\u011b. A o tom, co znamen\u00e1 p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, ani\u017e by \u010dlov\u011bk n\u011b\u010deho dos\u00e1hl.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u011btev nad pr\u00e1zdnotou<\/h3>\n<p>\u0158ekl, \u017ee v\u0161ichni t\u0159i sed\u00ed na strom\u011b. Ne v korun\u011b, ale na pevn\u00e9 v\u011btvi, n\u011bkde na vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, s v\u00fdhledem na ter\u00e9n. Pozorovac\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b, \u0159eklo by se dnes. Tehdy to bylo prost\u011b m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m bylo p\u0159id\u011bleno.<\/p>\n<p>Nesed\u011bli tam ml\u010dky. Naopak. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bli si vtipy. \u010cern\u00fd humor, ploch\u00e9 vtipy, hlouposti - cokoli, co jim pom\u00e1halo sn\u00e1\u0161et nap\u011bt\u00ed. Mezi v\u011btami bylo sly\u0161et v\u00fdst\u0159ely. N\u011bkdy bl\u00ed\u017e, jindy d\u00e1l. Nebyl to v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd stav, ale hluk v pozad\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tato sm\u011bs smrteln\u00e9ho nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a v\u0161ednosti se z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt absurdn\u00ed. Pro n\u011b to bylo norm\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Humor jako strategie p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Humor nebyl zn\u00e1mkou lehkomyslnosti. Byla to forma seberegulace. Kdy\u017e jste se sm\u00e1li, mohli jste na chv\u00edli zapomenout, kde jste. Ti, kdo se sm\u00e1li, si udr\u017eovali odstup od skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd okam\u017eik m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jejich posledn\u00ed.<br \/>\nM\u016fj d\u011bde\u010dek tuto sc\u00e9nu vypr\u00e1v\u011bl bez ironie. Bylo to p\u0159esn\u011b to, co jsi ud\u011blal ty. Mluvit, sm\u00e1t se, vydr\u017eet.<\/p>\n<p>\u0158ekl vtip. Ne zrovna dobr\u00fd, jak \u0159ekl pozd\u011bji. Ale vypr\u00e1v\u011bl ho tak, jak lid\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, aby vyplnili ticho. B\u011bhem vtipu se ozvala salva v\u00fdst\u0159el\u016f. Nic neobvykl\u00e9ho. \u010clov\u011bk se p\u0159ikr\u010dil, sklonil hlavu a \u010dekal. Rutina.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e vtip skon\u010dil, nikdo nereagoval. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd sm\u00edch, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 st\u00e9n\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho z v\u011btve spadli dal\u0161\u00ed dva voj\u00e1ci. P\u0159esn\u011b tak. Mrtv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tento okam\u017eik se t\u011b\u017eko popisuje, pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee je tak n\u00e1hl\u00fd. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 budov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 dramaturgie. \u017divot a smrt le\u017e\u00ed vedle sebe, odd\u011bleny vte\u0159inami - a n\u00e1hodou.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u016fstat s\u00e1m<\/h3>\n<p>Najednou sed\u011bl na v\u011btvi s\u00e1m. \u017div\u00fd, nezran\u011bn\u00fd, funk\u010dn\u00ed. Ned\u011blal nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed. Nevyhledal lep\u0161\u00ed \u00fakryt, neud\u011blal chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed. Prost\u011b d\u00e1l sed\u011bl a mluvil.<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d p\u0159e\u017eil, se nepoda\u0159ilo vysv\u011btlit. A pr\u00e1v\u011b to je j\u00e1drem tohoto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4681 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Baum-Ast.jpg\" alt=\"D\u011bde\u010dek za v\u00e1lky s\u00e1m na strom\u011b\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Baum-Ast.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Baum-Ast-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Baum-Ast-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Baum-Ast-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u201eV\u017edy se dr\u017ete pana ...\u201c<\/h3>\n<p>Pozd\u011bji pr\u00fd sly\u0161el v\u011btu: \"Mus\u00ed\u0161 se ho dr\u017eet, m\u00e1 takov\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Typick\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 hl\u00e1\u0161ka, nap\u016fl \u017eertovn\u00e1, nap\u016fl ho\u0159k\u00e1. Humor jako snaha u\u010dinit nepochopiteln\u00e9 hmatateln\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p>Tato v\u011bta zn\u00ed ne\u0161kodn\u011b. Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak nese obrovsk\u00e9 b\u0159emeno. Proto\u017ee \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nen\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch. Nen\u00ed to nic, na co bychom m\u011bli b\u00fdt hrd\u00ed. A nen\u00ed to n\u011bco, za co m\u016f\u017eete pod\u011bkovat, ani\u017e byste se z\u00e1rove\u0148 c\u00edtili provinile.<\/p>\n<p>Tady za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ta obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st. Ot\u00e1zka viny vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 ne proto, \u017ee n\u011bco ud\u011blal, ale proto, \u017ee neud\u011blal nic, co by vysv\u011btlovalo jeho p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Pro\u010d ostatn\u00ed?<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Pro\u010d ne on?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Na tyto ot\u00e1zky nelze odpov\u011bd\u011bt. P\u0159esto se objevuj\u00ed - \u010dasto pozd\u011bji, \u010dasto nevysloven\u00e9. M\u016fj d\u011bde\u010dek o tom nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel. Nepou\u017e\u00edval psychologick\u00e9 term\u00edny. Ale mezi \u0159\u00e1dky bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee tato sc\u00e9na z\u016fstala. Ne jako trauma v klasick\u00e9m slova smyslu, ale jako naru\u0161en\u00ed jeho pohledu na sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00e1lka jako m\u00edsto n\u00e1hody<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00e1lka nen\u00ed spravedliv\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Neodm\u011b\u0148uje spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a netrest\u00e1 \u0161patn\u00e9. Rozd\u011bluje smrt a \u017eivot podle krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se vymykaj\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed logice.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh na strom\u011b to ukazuje s brut\u00e1ln\u00ed jasnost\u00ed. Je v rozporu s jak\u00fdmkoli vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm o smyslu, \u00fa\u010delu nebo z\u00e1sluh\u00e1ch. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je tak up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo zn\u00e1 podobn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, pochop\u00ed, pro\u010d se mnoh\u00fdm z t\u011bch, kdo ve v\u00e1lce bojovali, pozd\u011bji t\u011b\u017eko mluvilo o vin\u011b. Vina toti\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u010din. V\u00e1lka \u010dasto konfrontuje lidi s pocity viny bez \u010dinu.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u0159emeno p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed je obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. A to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je. Ale je to tak\u00e9 b\u0159emeno. O kter\u00e9 se mluv\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddka. Ti, kdo p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed, zat\u00edmco ostatn\u00ed um\u00edraj\u00ed, si s sebou nesou nevy\u0159\u010denou ot\u00e1zku. Nelze se j\u00ed zbavit, nelze o n\u00ed mluvit. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 tich\u00fdm spole\u010dn\u00edkem.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 to vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d m\u016fj d\u011bde\u010dek tuto historku vypr\u00e1v\u011bl - a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ji d\u00e1le nekomentoval. Bylo to tam. Byla to sou\u010d\u00e1st jeho vnit\u0159n\u00edho invent\u00e1\u0159e. Nic v\u00edc.<\/p>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pou\u010den\u00ed. Nekon\u010d\u00ed uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00edm, ale stavem: stavem p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>A to je mo\u017en\u00e1 ten nejup\u0159\u00edmn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak mluvit o v\u00e1lce. Ne jako vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed s pointou, ale jako fragment. Jako sc\u00e9na, kter\u00e1 stoj\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b a nerozpl\u00fdv\u00e1 se. Strom, v\u011btev, vtip, n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 ticho - to jsou obrazy, kter\u00e9 jsou zapamatovateln\u00e9. Ne proto, \u017ee jsou velkolep\u00e9, ale proto, \u017ee ukazuj\u00ed, jak tenk\u00e1 je hranice, na n\u00ed\u017e n\u011bkdy balancuje \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p>Tato kapitola je jednou z nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch. Ne kv\u016fli n\u00e1sil\u00ed, ale kv\u016fli nesmyslnosti, kterou odhaluje. A mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to je jedna z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 musela tato generace p\u0159edat.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum mo\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpadu nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h3>\n<div class='bootstrap-yop yop-poll-mc'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"basic-yop-poll-container\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff; border:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:0px 5px;\" data-id=\"6\" data-temp=\"basic-pretty\" data-skin=\"square\" data-cscheme=\"blue\" data-cap=\"0\" data-access=\"guest\" data-tid=\"\" data-uid=\"359362a772564b7258498a9ef0a202cd\" data-pid=\"4039\" data-resdet=\"votes-number,percentages\" data-show-results-to=\"guest\" data-show-results-moment=\"after-vote\" data-show-results-only=\"false\" data-show-message=\"true\" data-show-results-as=\"bar\" data-sort-results-by=\"as-defined\" data-sort-results-rule=\"asc\"data-is-ended=\"0\" data-percentages-decimals=\"2\" data-gdpr=\"no\" data-gdpr-sol=\"consent\" data-css=\".basic-yop-poll-container[data-uid] .basic-vote {\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\" data-counter=\"0\" data-load-with=\"1\" data-notification-section=\"top\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"basic-inner\"><div class=\"basic-message hide\" style=\"border-left: 10px solid #008000; padding: 0px 10px;\" data-error=\"#ff0000\" data-success=\"#008000\"><p class=\"basic-message-text\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"basic-overlay hide\"><div class=\"basic-vote-options\"><\/div><div class=\"basic-preloader\"><div class=\"basic-windows8\"><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_1\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_2\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_3\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_4\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_5\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><form class=\"basic-form\" action=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"9c7e3b56ce\" autocomplete=\"off\"><div class=\"basic-elements\"><div class=\"basic-element basic-question basic-question-text-vertical\" data-id=\"6\" data-uid=\"8b9dd4be9c3baacb410696656bdc37f5\" data-type=\"question\" data-question-type=\"text\" data-required=\"yes\" data-allow-multiple=\"no\" data-min=\"1\" data-max=\"7\" data-display=\"vertical\" data-colnum=\"\" data-display-others=\"no\" data-others-color=\"\" data-others=\"\" data-others-max-chars=\"0\"><div class=\"basic-question-title\"><h5 style=\"color:#000000; font-size:16px; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;\">Jak dob\u0159e se vy osobn\u011b c\u00edt\u00edte p\u0159ipraveni na p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (nap\u0159. krizi nebo v\u00e1lku)?<\/h5><\/div><ul class=\"basic-answers\"><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"24\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"19\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[24]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[24]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"24\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Velmi dob\u0159e - m\u00e1m z\u00e1soby, znalosti a pl\u00e1n<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"25\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"37\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[25]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[25]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"25\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Docela dobr\u00e9 - trochu jsem o tom p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"26\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"60\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[26]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[26]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"26\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">T\u011b\u017eko - jen douf\u00e1m, \u017ee se nic nestane<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"27\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"13\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[27]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[27]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"27\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">V\u016fbec ne - z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b toto t\u00e9ma potla\u010duji.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"28\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"17\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[28]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[28]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"28\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Co je to vlastn\u011b \"pokles nap\u011bt\u00ed\"?<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-vote\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"button basic-vote-button\" role=\"button\" style=\"background:#027bb8; border:0px; border-style: solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:10px 10px; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\">Hlasujte na<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"cs\"\/><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Kosteln\u00ed v\u011b\u017e v It\u00e1lii - stopy, kter\u00e9 z\u016fstaly zachov\u00e1ny<\/h2>\n<p>Jsou v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky, kter\u00e9 vypadaj\u00ed jako momentky: hlasit\u00e9, n\u00e1hl\u00e9, jasn\u011b na\u010drtnut\u00e9. A jsou i takov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam odhal\u00ed a\u017e mnohem pozd\u011bji. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh kosteln\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee v It\u00e1lii pat\u0159\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b do druh\u00e9 kategorie. Nen\u00ed dramatick\u00fdm vyvrcholen\u00edm, nen\u00ed zlomov\u00fdm bodem v pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00e1lky. A p\u0159esto je to mo\u017en\u00e1 jeden z nejtrvalej\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f tohoto d\u011bde\u010dka.<\/p>\n<p>Ukazuje toti\u017e, \u017ee \u010diny zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed stopy - i kdy\u017e se zd\u00e1, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky.<\/p>\n<h3>Jeden post\u0159eh, jeden p\u0159\u00edkaz<\/h3>\n<p>Z vojensk\u00e9ho hlediska byla situace jasn\u00e1. Nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci se opevnili na kosteln\u00ed v\u011b\u017ei. Vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 pozice, dobr\u00e1 viditelnost, riziko pro vlastn\u00ed voj\u00e1ky. M\u016fj d\u011bde\u010dek rozpoznal situaci a vydal rozkaz k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed palby.<\/p>\n<p>Tohle je jedna z t\u011bch v\u011bt, kter\u00e9 se snadno p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed a t\u011b\u017eko sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed. Vydal rozkaz. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd osobn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011br, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd o\u010dn\u00ed kontakt. Ale odpov\u011bdnost.<\/p>\n<p>Na kosteln\u00ed v\u011b\u017e m\u00ed\u0159ily t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 gran\u00e1ty. Ne proto, aby zni\u010dily kostel, ale aby se pozice stala pro nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky nepou\u017eitelnou. Ve st\u0159e\u0161e vznikla d\u00edra. Voj\u00e1ci na v\u011b\u017ei zmizeli. Zda utekli, byli zran\u011bni nebo n\u011bco hor\u0161\u00edho - to z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejasn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>A pr\u00e1v\u011b tato nejasnost je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 jistota, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n<p>M\u016fj d\u011bde\u010dek nikdy netvrdil, \u017ee v\u00ed, co se stalo s mu\u017ei na kosteln\u00ed v\u011b\u017ei. Neuv\u00e1d\u011bl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. Nezaj\u00edmal se o \u201e\u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost\u201c akce. \u0160lo mu o pr\u016fb\u011bh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edm se tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh li\u0161\u00ed od mnoha jin\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed. Nekon\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011brem, ale otev\u0159enou ot\u00e1zkou. A tato otev\u0159enost jej prov\u00e1z\u00ed i v pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>O des\u00edtky let pozd\u011bji: n\u00e1vrat<\/h3>\n<p>Mnoho let po v\u00e1lce, v \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech, byl m\u016fj d\u011bde\u010dek op\u011bt v It\u00e1lii. Dovolen\u00e1. Klidn\u00fd \u010das. Slunce, krajina, lehkost. Kontrast, kter\u00fd by sotva mohl b\u00fdt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku st\u00e1l p\u0159ed t\u00edmto kostelem znovu. Ne z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b, ne vlastn\u011b p\u0159edem napl\u00e1novan\u011b. Prost\u011b tam byl. A s n\u00edm i v\u011b\u017e.<\/p>\n<p>Uk\u00e1zal nahoru a \u0159ekl: <em>V horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti jsem ud\u011blal d\u00edru.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4682 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Kirche.jpg\" alt=\"Z\u00e1platy v kostele v It\u00e1lii\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Kirche.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Kirche-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Kirche-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Kirche-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dn\u00edci se pod\u00edvali. Nejprve nic nevid\u011bli. St\u0159echu, v\u011b\u017e, star\u00e9 kameny. Teprve kdy\u017e se pod\u00edvali pozorn\u011bji, po n\u00e1znaku, po uk\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, bylo to vid\u011bt: st\u00edn, mal\u00fd kruh, nepravidelnost.<\/p>\n<p>Toto nevid\u011bn\u00ed je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 symbolick\u00e9. Kdo nev\u00ed, co hled\u00e1, nevid\u00ed nic. Stopy v\u00e1lky nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b zmizet - jsou p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eeny.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00edra byla d\u011bde\u010dkovi okam\u017eit\u011b vid\u011bt. Ne jako po\u0161kozen\u00ed, ne jako trofej, ale jako spojen\u00ed. Minulost a p\u0159\u00edtomnost najednou le\u017eely jedna na druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u00fdcha, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 l\u00edtost<\/h3>\n<p>Pozoruhodn\u00e9 je, co v t\u00e9to sc\u00e9n\u011b chyb\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 hrdost. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 v\u011bta jako <em>To muselo b\u00fdt<\/em> nebo <em>To bylo spr\u00e1vn\u011b<\/em>. Ale ani demonstrativn\u00ed v\u00fd\u010ditky sv\u011bdom\u00ed. Bylo to prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Objektivn\u011b. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e9. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto to bylo tak p\u016fsobiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edstup dr\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed modern\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Dnes se od lid\u00ed \u010dasto o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee zaujmou jasn\u00fd postoj - bu\u010f se p\u0159iznaj\u00ed, nebo budou \u010dinit pok\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 generace se \u010dasto pohybovala v jin\u00e9m re\u017eimu. V\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee existuj\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 se nedaj\u00ed jasn\u011b kategorizovat.<\/p>\n<h3>Stopy v m\u00edstnosti<\/h3>\n<p>Otvor ve v\u011b\u017ei kostela je v\u00edce ne\u017e jen konstruk\u010dn\u00ed detail. Je to hmotn\u00e1 stopa rozhodnut\u00ed. \u010cin, kter\u00fd ji\u017e d\u00e1vno pominul, a p\u0159esto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 viditeln\u00fd. Na rozd\u00edl od vzpom\u00ednek, kter\u00e9 blednou, je tato stopa skute\u010dn\u00e1. M\u016f\u017eete ji uk\u00e1zat. M\u016f\u017eete se j\u00ed dotknout - alespo\u0148 pohledem.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh tolik rezonuje. Jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee v\u00e1lka \u017eije nejen v lidsk\u00fdch mysl\u00edch, ale i ve vesm\u00edru. V budov\u00e1ch, krajin\u011b, m\u011bstech.<\/p>\n<h3>Zodpov\u011bdnost bez patosu<\/h3>\n<p>Rozkaz ke st\u0159elb\u011b na kosteln\u00ed v\u011b\u017e nebyl v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem. Byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho vojensk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. A p\u0159ece je n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, kdy\u017e se po letech setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s n\u00e1sledky tohoto rozkazu.<\/p>\n<p>To ukazuje na formu odpov\u011bdnosti, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed hlasit\u00e1. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 sebeobvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 hrdinstv\u00ed. Jen tich\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed: Tohle jsem ud\u011blal j\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Tuto formu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 vydr\u017eet. Snad proto se o n\u011b \u010dasto ned\u011blilo. Je to v\u0161ak jedna z nejup\u0159\u00edmn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch forem vzpom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Minulost, kter\u00e1 nikdy nezmiz\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00e1lka pro tohoto d\u011bde\u010dka neskon\u010dila jen tak, kdy\u017e skon\u010dila. Znovu se objevila - v obrazech, na m\u00edstech, v n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch. Kosteln\u00ed v\u011b\u017e je p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak se minulost n\u00e1hle st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnou, ani\u017e by se ohl\u00e1sila.<\/p>\n<p>Proch\u00e1z\u00edte m\u011bstem jako turista - a najednou se ocitnete v centru jin\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n<p>Ani tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh neposkytuje jasn\u00e9 pou\u010den\u00ed. Nevy\u017eaduje soudnost. Pouze ukazuje, \u017ee \u010diny maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 d\u016fsledky, i kdy\u017e nejsou okam\u017eit\u011b viditeln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011b\u017e kostela st\u00e1le stoj\u00ed. D\u00edra je tam st\u00e1le. A vzpom\u00ednka na ni tak\u00e9. Tato kapitola nen\u00ed o vin\u011b \u010di nevin\u011b. Vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o zodpov\u011bdnosti, kter\u00e1 nezmiz\u00ed jen proto, \u017ee uplyne \u010das. A o stop\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed - i kdy\u017e sv\u011bt u\u017e d\u00e1vno ode\u0161el.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to je jedna z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed t\u00e9to generace: \u017ee mus\u00edte \u017e\u00edt s t\u00edm, co jste ud\u011blali. Bez dramatizace. Bez zkratek. Prost\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee to ponesete.<\/p>\n<h2>Kdy\u017e se v\u00e1lka vr\u00e1t\u00ed pozd\u011bji v noci<\/h2>\n<p>To, co bylo dosud vypr\u00e1v\u011bno, jsou p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy z druh\u00e9 ruky. Vzpom\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ed\u00e1valy, n\u011bkdy n\u00e1hodn\u011b, jindy z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b. Tato kapitola za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v jin\u00e9m bod\u011b. Ne ve v\u00e1lce, ne na front\u011b, ne v zajet\u00ed - ale v m\u00e9m vlastn\u00edm d\u011btstv\u00ed. A v lo\u017enici, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla b\u00fdt m\u00edstem klidu.<\/p>\n<p>Zde d\u011bde\u010dk\u016fv p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh kon\u010d\u00ed. A tady za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed m\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed post\u0159ehy.<\/p>\n<h3>Noci, na kter\u00e9 nezapomenete<\/h3>\n<p>Jako d\u00edt\u011b jsem \u010dasto p\u0159esp\u00e1val u prarodi\u010d\u016f. Bylo to d\u016fv\u011brn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9, klidn\u00e9, neok\u00e1zal\u00e9. A p\u0159esto byly noci, kter\u00e9 se mi vryly do pam\u011bti. Noci, kdy se d\u011bde\u010dek n\u00e1hle probudil ze sp\u00e1nku. Ne pomalu, ne p\u00e1trav\u011b - ale prudce, zpocen\u00fd, vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Doslova p\u0159el\u00e9tl ze sp\u00e1nku do bd\u011blosti. Sed\u011bl vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u011b v posteli. Ztuhl\u00fd. Na vte\u0159iny, n\u011bkdy na minuty. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd k\u0159ik, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mluven\u00ed. Jen nap\u011bt\u00ed. Pak si stejn\u011b n\u00e1hle zase lehl. A spal d\u00e1l, jako by se nic nestalo.<\/p>\n<p>Jako d\u00edt\u011b takov\u00fdm sc\u00e9n\u00e1m nerozum\u00edte. Registrujete je. Zapamatujete si je. A m\u00e1te pocit, \u017ee byste se nem\u011bli na nic pt\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4683 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Schlaf.jpg\" alt=\"D\u011bdovy no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fry o v\u00e1lce ve sp\u00e1nku\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Schlaf.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Schlaf-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Schlaf-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Schlaf-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Lo\u017enice jako hranice<\/h3>\n<p>Pozd\u011bji jsem si uv\u011bdomil, \u017ee tyto no\u010dn\u00ed epizody pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nez\u016fstaly bez n\u00e1sledk\u016f. Moji prarodi\u010de spali pom\u011brn\u011b brzy v odd\u011blen\u00fdch lo\u017enic\u00edch. Nev\u00edm, jestli to byl jedin\u00fd d\u016fvod. Ale je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee tyto noci nehr\u00e1ly roli.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud je n\u011bkdo v noci vytr\u017een ze sp\u00e1nku na des\u00edtky let, je t\u00edm posti\u017eena i osoba vedle n\u011bj. Nespavost, \u00fazkost, neust\u00e1l\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed - to v\u0161e ovliv\u0148uje nejen \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd sn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 osobu le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed vedle n\u011bj.<\/p>\n<p>Odd\u011blen\u00ed lo\u017enic mo\u017en\u00e1 nebylo projevem odstupu, ale pragmatismu. Snaha udr\u017eet ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot snesiteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00e1lka po v\u00e1lce<\/h3>\n<p>Dlouho mi ve vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed chyb\u011bl \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed pohled. Teprve mnohem pozd\u011bji se mi obr\u00e1zek spojil dohromady. Tento d\u011bde\u010dek nenechal v\u00e1lku jen tak za sebou. Stal se - po letech - znovu voj\u00e1kem.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e byl na konci pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let zalo\u017een Bundeswehr, dostal nab\u00eddku na kari\u00e9ru. Byl politicky nezat\u00ed\u017een\u00fd, nebyl \u010dlenem strany a nep\u0159itahoval negativn\u00ed pozornost. V dob\u011b, kdy se \u0159ada \u017eivotopis\u016f reorganizovala, to byl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed bod.<\/p>\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti cht\u011bl studovat architekturu. To byl jeho p\u016fvodn\u00ed pl\u00e1n. M\u00edsto toho se rozhodl pro geod\u00e9zii v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch. Pragmatick\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed. Bezpe\u010dnost, perspektiva, po\u0159\u00e1dek. Studoval tedy u Bundeswehru v r\u00e1mci d\u016fstojnick\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry a dot\u00e1hl to a\u017e na hodnost podplukovn\u00edka.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u016fsta\u0148te uvnit\u0159, m\u00edsto abyste se zamkli<\/h3>\n<p>Toto rozhodnut\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed pohled na no\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9ny. Znamen\u00e1 toti\u017e, \u017ee pro n\u011bj v\u00e1lka neskon\u010dila jen vnit\u0159n\u011b - z\u016fstal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu i navenek. Uniforma, hierarchie, vojensk\u00fd kontext. I kdy\u017e zem\u011bm\u011b\u0159i\u010dstv\u00ed nem\u00e1 se z\u00e1kopy nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho: Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1te zapojeni. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1te voj\u00e1kem.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 to byl zp\u016fsob, jak z\u00edskat zp\u011bt kontrolu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 to byla tak\u00e9 forma vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se. Nebo prost\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost v dob\u011b, kter\u00e1 nab\u00edzela jen m\u00e1lo alternativ.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee to nebylo jednozna\u010dn\u00e9. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd after ve smyslu te\u010f u\u017e je konec.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u011blo si pamatuje jinak<\/h3>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se ohl\u00e9dnu zp\u011bt, znepokojuje m\u011b zejm\u00e9na zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se v n\u011bm projevila v\u00e1lka. Ne v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch o bitv\u00e1ch. Ne v politick\u00fdch koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch. Ale v jeho t\u011ble. V jeho sp\u00e1nku. Ve chv\u00edl\u00edch, kdy nad sebou nem\u00e1 kontrolu.<\/p>\n<p>T\u011blo nezapom\u00edn\u00e1. Ani kdy\u017e se mysl nau\u010d\u00ed fungovat. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy.<br \/>\nTyto no\u010dn\u00ed epizody se nezd\u00e1ly b\u00fdt sny v obvykl\u00e9m slova smyslu. Vypadaly jako n\u00e1vrat. Jako n\u011bco, co nebylo zpracov\u00e1no, ale vyhozeno - a pak se vr\u00e1tilo, kdy\u017e tomu nikdo nemohl zabr\u00e1nit.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd jazyk pro zku\u0161enosti<\/h3>\n<p>Bylo tak\u00e9 patrn\u00e9, o \u010dem se nemluvilo. Ne od n\u011bj. Ani od babi\u010dky. Nebylo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 kategorizace. Ne, to poch\u00e1z\u00ed z v\u00e1lky. Ne, to je \u0161patn\u00e9. Prost\u011b to tam bylo.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 chyb\u011bl jazyk. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 my\u0161lenka, \u017ee byste o tom m\u011bli mluvit. V t\u00e9 generaci se \u010dasto pova\u017eovalo za s\u00edlu v\u011bci vydr\u017eet. Ne o tom mluvit. Neanalyzovat.<\/p>\n<p>To, co se b\u011bhem procesu ztrat\u00ed, si \u010dasto uv\u011bdom\u00ed a\u017e dal\u0161\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n<h3>St\u00e1l vedle n\u00ed jako d\u00edt\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>Pro m\u011b jako d\u00edt\u011b to bylo znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed, ale ne traumatizuj\u00edc\u00ed. Byl to sp\u00ed\u0161 tich\u00fd \u00fadiv. N\u011bco, co \u010dlov\u011bk bere v\u00e1\u017en\u011b, ani\u017e by to dok\u00e1zal za\u0159adit. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 ran\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed se zdr\u017eenlivosti.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto sc\u00e9ny se v\u017eily. Ne jako strach, ale jako otazn\u00edk. A tento otazn\u00edk ve v\u00e1s z\u016fstane, i kdy\u017e se na n\u011bj dlouho v\u011bdom\u011b ned\u00edv\u00e1te.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes se na tyto noci d\u00edv\u00e1m jinak. U\u017e ne izolovan\u011b, ale zasazen\u00e9 do \u017eivotopisu, kter\u00fd nezn\u00e1 snadn\u00e9 p\u0159echody. V\u00e1lka, pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, p\u0159ezbrojen\u00ed, kari\u00e9ra v arm\u00e1d\u011b. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 jasn\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dist\u00fd konec.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 tyto n\u00e1vaznosti n\u011bco vysv\u011btluj\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 ne zcela. Poskytuj\u00ed v\u0161ak r\u00e1mec, v n\u011bm\u017e se no\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9ny zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1hadn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00e1lka jako tich\u00fd spoluobyvatel<\/h3>\n<p>Tato kapitola ukazuje n\u011bco, co existovalo - a \u010dasto st\u00e1le existuje - v mnoha rodin\u00e1ch: V\u00e1lka jako tich\u00fd spolubydl\u00edc\u00ed. Nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomna v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, ale v ur\u010dit\u00fdch okam\u017eic\u00edch je patrn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Nesed\u00ed u stolu. Nep\u0159ipojuje se. Ale ve\u010der p\u0159ijde.<\/p>\n<h3>Osobn\u00ed hranice<\/h3>\n<p>Tato kapitola je osobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159edchoz\u00ed. Ukazuje toti\u017e, \u017ee v\u00e1lka nen\u00ed jen historie, ale i vztah. Ovliv\u0148uje rodiny, man\u017eelstv\u00ed a d\u011btstv\u00ed. Ne hlasit\u011b, ne ok\u00e1zale, ale trvale.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto bod\u011b se pam\u011b\u0165 st\u00e1v\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed. Ne ve smyslu viny, ale ve smyslu pochopen\u00ed. Pochopen\u00ed, \u017ee to, co jste sami za\u017eili, je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed del\u0161\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce. A \u017ee tento \u0159et\u011bzec nekon\u010d\u00ed jen proto, \u017ee u\u017e ho nevid\u00edte.<\/p>\n<p>Zde, v t\u011bchto noc\u00edch, je jasn\u00e9: v\u00e1lka skon\u010dila - a z\u00e1rove\u0148 neskon\u010dila.<\/p>\n<h2>Odpo\u010d\u00edvej v pokoji - co z t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f zbylo<\/h2>\n<p>Na konci t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br v tradi\u010dn\u00edm slova smyslu. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 v\u00fdzva. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to je vhodn\u00e9. Proto\u017ee to, co zde bylo vypr\u00e1v\u011bno, se vzp\u00edr\u00e1 jednoduch\u00e9mu shrnut\u00ed. Nelze je redukovat na pou\u010den\u00ed, ani\u017e bychom se dopustili n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zb\u00fdvaj\u00ed hlasy. Obr\u00e1zky. Postoje. A tich\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4684 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Rest-in-peace.jpg\" alt=\"D\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 - odpo\u010d\u00edvejte v pokoji\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Rest-in-peace.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Rest-in-peace-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Rest-in-peace-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Opa-Kriegserinnerungen-Rest-in-peace-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi, jen ot\u00e1zky<\/h3>\n<p>Tyto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy neposkytuj\u00ed odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zku, jak se ve v\u00e1lce chovat. Neposkytuj\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vod. Neukazuj\u00ed ani hrdiny, ani jasn\u00e9 vin\u00edky. M\u00edsto toho otev\u00edraj\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 jsou nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 - pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee je nelze uzav\u0159\u00edt.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Co znamen\u00e1 d\u016fstojnost pod n\u00e1tlakem?<\/li>\n<li>Co znamen\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost bez mo\u017enosti volby?<\/li>\n<li>Co znamen\u00e1 vina, kdy\u017e rozhoduje n\u00e1hoda?<\/li>\n<li>A co znamen\u00e1 \u017e\u00edt d\u00e1l s t\u00edm, co jste ud\u011blali - nebo p\u0159e\u017eili?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b tato otev\u0159enost dnes chyb\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Tich\u00e1 autorita zku\u0161enosti<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy d\u011bde\u010dk\u016f se od mnoha dne\u0161n\u00edch debat li\u0161\u00ed svou zdr\u017eenlivost\u00ed. Necht\u011bli p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat. Necht\u011bli nic prosazovat. Necht\u011bli m\u00edt pravdu. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bli sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, proto\u017ee to byla sou\u010d\u00e1st jejich \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>Tato forma autority je tich\u00e1. Nen\u00ed zalo\u017eena na argumentech, ale na zku\u0161enosti. A vy\u017eaduje n\u011bco, co se stalo vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm: naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed bez okam\u017eit\u00e9ho kategorizov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1rok na svrchovanost v\u00fdkladu<\/h3>\n<p>D\u011bdov\u00e9 by se nejsp\u00ed\u0161 usm\u00e1li, kdybyste se jich zeptali, co byste se m\u011bli \u201enau\u010dit z jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f\u201c. Ne z lhostejnosti, ale ze skepse k velk\u00fdm slov\u016fm. V\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee \u017eivot se m\u00e1lokdy odv\u00edj\u00ed tak, jak se pozd\u011bji vypr\u00e1v\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To je mo\u017en\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postoj, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m p\u0159edali: Ned\u016fv\u011bra k jednoduch\u00fdm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm. Opatrnost p\u0159ed rychl\u00fdmi soudy. A smysl pro rozporuplnost reality.<\/p>\n<h3>Vzpom\u00ednka jako tich\u00fd akt<\/h3>\n<p>Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed politick\u00fdm aktem v u\u017e\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu. Je to lidsk\u00fd \u010din. Znamen\u00e1 to nenechat n\u011bco zmizet jen proto, \u017ee je to nepohodln\u00e9 nebo \u017ee to u\u017e neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 dob\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Tento text si ne\u010din\u00ed n\u00e1rok na \u00faplnost. Vypr\u00e1v\u00ed jen v\u00fd\u0148atky. Fragmenty. Subjektivn\u00ed dojmy. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jeho poctivost.<\/p>\n<p>Zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bco, co by se jinak ztratilo: spojen\u00ed mezi zku\u0161enost\u00ed a potomky. Mezi t\u00edm, co bylo, a t\u00edm, co st\u00e1le funguje.<\/p>\n<h3>Co m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edat<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed na\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem formulovat odpov\u011bdi, ale uchov\u00e1vat p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy. Ne je oslavovat. Ne je instrumentalizovat. Ale udr\u017eovat je k dispozici.<\/p>\n<p>Aby pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed generace pochopily, \u017ee v\u00e1lka nen\u00ed jen historick\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost, ale stav, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. V t\u011blech. Ve vztaz\u00edch. V rozhodnut\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>A aby si uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee d\u016fstojnost \u010dasto vznik\u00e1 tam, kde se nikdo ned\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Vd\u011b\u010dnost bez oslavov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Vd\u011b\u010dnost zde nen\u00ed velk\u00e9 slovo. Nen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159ena na skutky, ale na nesen\u00ed. Na sn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Na \u017eit\u00ed d\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>Oba d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 plnili sv\u00e9 \u00fakoly, jak nejl\u00e9pe um\u011bli, s prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 m\u011bli k dispozici. Mluvili, ani\u017e by se stav\u011bli do st\u0159edu pozornosti. A ml\u010deli tam, kde slova nesta\u010dila. To si zaslou\u017e\u00ed \u00factu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to spr\u00e1vn\u00fd t\u00f3n pro z\u00e1v\u011br: \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd apel, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd patos. Jen tich\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co bylo - a co z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy nepat\u0159\u00ed jen mn\u011b. Pat\u0159\u00ed generaci, kter\u00e1 pomalu miz\u00ed. A k dob\u011b, kterou bychom nem\u011bli opakovat pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee ji nem\u016f\u017eeme doopravdy pochopit.<\/p>\n<p>Odpo\u010d\u00edvej v pokoji. Ne jako kli\u0161\u00e9, ale jako pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed za vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n<p>A jako povinnost naslouchat, dokud je to je\u0161t\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-545 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-545 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; 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kultur\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle deutschland energiepolitik eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen sicherheitspolitik spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/teorie-her-vysvetluje-25-let-geopolitiky-jak-evropa-ztratila-svou-strategickou-roli\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Teorie her vysv\u011btluje 25 let geopolitiky: Jak Evropa ztratila svou strategickou roli<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"765\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Teorie her vysv\u011btluje 25 let geopolitiky\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/europa-russland-spieltheorie.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/europa-russland-spieltheorie.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/europa-russland-spieltheorie-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/europa-russland-spieltheorie-768x574.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/europa-russland-spieltheorie-16x12.jpg 16w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/teorie-her-vysvetluje-25-let-geopolitiky-jak-evropa-ztratila-svou-strategickou-roli\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Teorie her vysv\u011btluje 25 let geopolitiky: Jak Evropa ztratila svou strategickou roli<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"dieter hallervorden \u2013 mehr als didi: portr\u00e4t eines unbequemen freigeists\" data-id=\"4347\"  data-category=\"gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur stories &amp; humor\" data-post_tag=\"erfahrungen meinungsfreiheit musik portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/dieter-hallervorden-vice-nez-didi-portret-nepohodlneho-svobodneho-ducha\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Dieter Hallervorden - V\u00edce ne\u017e Didi: Portr\u00e9t nepohodln\u00e9ho svobodn\u00e9ho ducha<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Dieter Hallervorden a W\u00fchlm\u00e4use v Berl\u00edn\u011b\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Dieter-Hallvervorden-Wuehlmaeuse.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Dieter-Hallvervorden-Wuehlmaeuse.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Dieter-Hallvervorden-Wuehlmaeuse-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Dieter-Hallvervorden-Wuehlmaeuse-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Dieter-Hallvervorden-Wuehlmaeuse-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/dieter-hallervorden-vice-nez-didi-portret-nepohodlneho-svobodneho-ducha\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Dieter Hallervorden - V\u00edce ne\u017e Didi: Portr\u00e9t nepohodln\u00e9ho svobodn\u00e9ho ducha<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"warum dieter bohlen spricht, wenn andere schweigen: ein portr\u00e4t \u00fcber flei\u00df und klarheit\" data-id=\"3744\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"auswandern deutschland erfahrungen krisen meinungsfreiheit musik portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/proc-dieter-bohlen-mluvi-kdyz-ostatni-mlci-portret-pile-a-jasnosti\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Pro\u010d Dieter Bohlen mluv\u00ed, kdy\u017e ostatn\u00ed ml\u010d\u00ed: Portr\u00e9t pracovitosti a jasnosti<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Dieter-Bohlen-Portrait.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Dieter-Bohlen-Portrait.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Dieter-Bohlen-Portrait-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Dieter-Bohlen-Portrait-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Dieter-Bohlen-Portrait-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/proc-dieter-bohlen-mluvi-kdyz-ostatni-mlci-portret-pile-a-jasnosti\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Pro\u010d Dieter Bohlen mluv\u00ed, kdy\u017e ostatn\u00ed ml\u010d\u00ed: Portr\u00e9t pracovitosti a jasnosti<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d tyto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy vypr\u00e1v\u00edte a\u017e nyn\u00ed - tolik desetilet\u00ed po v\u00e1lce?<\/strong><br \/>\nProto\u017ee pochopen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed vy\u017eaduje \u010das. Jako d\u00edt\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1te takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy a post\u0159ehy, ani\u017e byste je dok\u00e1zali kategorizovat. Teprve s odstupem, vlastn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed a vnit\u0159n\u00edm klidem si uv\u011bdom\u00edte, co vlastn\u011b znamenaj\u00ed. Toto \u201ete\u010f\u201c nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda, ale okam\u017eik, kdy se naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed, vzpom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a pochopen\u00ed spoj\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Je va\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem v \u010dl\u00e1nku ospravedlnit v\u00e1lku nebo jednotliv\u00e9 akce?<\/strong><br \/>\nNe. Text se z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 jak\u00e9mukoli zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed. Nesna\u017e\u00ed se o reinterpretaci nebo relativizaci viny. Jde o zviditeln\u011bn\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed bez jejich moralizov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed argumentuje - pam\u011b\u0165 popisuje.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti upou\u0161t\u00edte od historick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f, \u010d\u00edsel a vojensk\u00fdch detail\u016f?<\/strong><br \/>\nProto\u017ee se nesoust\u0159ed\u00ed na v\u00e1lku jako na ud\u00e1lost, ale na v\u00e1lku jako na z\u00e1\u017eitek. \u010c\u00edsla vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed odstup. Tyto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy jsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee jsou \u00fatr\u017ekovit\u00e9, osobn\u00ed a ne\u00fapln\u00e9. Dopl\u0148uj\u00ed historick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, ale nenahrazuj\u00ed je.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nen\u00ed problematick\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bt p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy voj\u00e1k\u016f wehrmachtu tak osobn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem?<\/strong><br \/>\nProbl\u00e9mem se st\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e zobec\u0148ujete nebo se vymlouv\u00e1te. \u010cl\u00e1nek ned\u011bl\u00e1 ani jedno, ani druh\u00e9. Ukazuje jednotliv\u00e9 biografie v historicky vynucen\u00e9m kontextu a ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 rozpory nedo\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato ambivalence \u010din\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy poctiv\u00fdmi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d si neud\u011bl\u00e1te jasn\u00fd mor\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fasudek o chov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch d\u011bde\u010dk\u016f?<\/strong><br \/>\nProto\u017ee mor\u00e1ln\u00ed jasnost je p\u0159i zp\u011btn\u00e9m pohledu \u010dasto o\u0161idn\u00e1. \u010cl\u00e1nek se nesna\u017e\u00ed soudit, ale pochopit. Ukazuje, kde se r\u00fdsovaly hranice, kde rozhodovala n\u00e1hoda a kde se nesla odpov\u011bdnost - ani\u017e by z toho byly vyvozov\u00e1ny jednoduch\u00e9 kategorie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co v\u00e1s obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dojalo na p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu d\u011bde\u010dka, kter\u00fd \u00famysln\u011b st\u0159\u00edlel kolem?<\/strong><br \/>\nMl\u010den\u00ed tohoto rozhodnut\u00ed. Nebyl to hrdinsk\u00fd \u010din, ani protest, ani vzpoura. Byla to vnit\u0159n\u00ed hranice, kterou nikdo nevid\u011bl. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato neviditelnost jej \u010din\u00ed tak p\u016fsobiv\u00fdm - a tak obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b hodnotiteln\u00fdm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nen\u00ed \u00famysln\u00e1 st\u0159elba mimo c\u00edl tak\u00e9 formou vyt\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed viny?<\/strong><br \/>\nNa tuto ot\u00e1zku neexistuje jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f. \u010cl\u00e1nek si ned\u011bl\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na jej\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Sp\u00ed\u0161e ukazuje, \u017ee vina ve v\u00e1lce nen\u00ed v\u017edy spojena s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi \u010diny - n\u011bkdy vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 ze samotn\u00e9ho p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d hraje hudebn\u00ed historie u p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 fl\u00e9tny tak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli?<\/strong><br \/>\nUkazuje toti\u017e, \u017ee identita m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00edc ne\u017e jen role nebo funkce. V situaci, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 lidi redukovat, se hudba stala posledn\u00edm zbytkem sv\u00e9bytnosti. Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh znamen\u00e1 d\u016fstojnost beze slov.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Neromantizuje\u0161 v\u00e1lku t\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem o fl\u00e9tn\u011b?<\/strong><br \/>\nNe. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee tato sc\u00e9na je v\u00fdjimkou, nen\u00ed v\u00e1lka romantizov\u00e1na. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh neukazuje dobrou v\u00e1lku, ale vz\u00e1cn\u00fd okam\u017eik lidskosti v nelidsk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh na strom\u011b tak t\u011b\u017eko snesiteln\u00fd?<\/strong><br \/>\nProto\u017ee to ni\u010d\u00ed jakoukoli p\u0159edstavu o smyslu. Nikdo neud\u011bl\u00e1 nic \u0161patn\u00e9ho, nikdo neud\u011bl\u00e1 nic dobr\u00e9ho - a p\u0159esto dva zem\u0159ou, zat\u00edmco jeden p\u0159e\u017eije. Tuto formu nahodilosti je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout, ale pro pochopen\u00ed v\u00e1lky je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co znamen\u00e1 vina, kdy\u017e o \u017eivot\u011b a smrti rozhoduje n\u00e1hoda?<\/strong><br \/>\nMo\u017en\u00e1 to v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech znamen\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm: \u017e\u00edt d\u00e1l s ot\u00e1zkou, na kterou nen\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f. \u010cl\u00e1nek ukazuje, \u017ee vina nevypl\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u017edy z jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale n\u011bkdy z pouh\u00e9ho p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d jste se zm\u00ednil o pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kari\u00e9\u0159e sv\u00e9ho d\u011bde\u010dka v Bundeswehru?<\/strong><br \/>\nUkazuje toti\u017e, \u017ee v\u00e1lka pro n\u011bj nebyla jednozna\u010dn\u011b uzav\u0159enou kapitolou. Jeho n\u00e1vrat do arm\u00e1dy vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u017eivotopisnou kontinuitu, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pochopit, pro\u010d n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011bci - jako nap\u0159\u00edklad no\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1blesky - nikdy doopravdy nezmizely.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nen\u00ed rozporupln\u00e9 se po v\u00e1lce znovu dobrovoln\u011b st\u00e1t voj\u00e1kem?<\/strong><br \/>\nZ dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu mo\u017en\u00e1. Z tehdej\u0161\u00edho pohledu \u0161lo \u010dasto o pragmatick\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed. Jistota, uzn\u00e1n\u00ed, struktura - a mo\u017enost pokra\u010dovat v n\u011b\u010dem zn\u00e1m\u00e9m m\u00edsto toho, abyste se zcela znovu objevili.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d popisujete no\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9ny v lo\u017enici tak v\u011bcn\u011b?<\/strong><br \/>\nProto\u017ee p\u0159esn\u011b takov\u00ed byli. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 drama, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd k\u0159ik, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pokus o vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato st\u0159\u00edzlivost jasn\u011b ukazuje, jak hluboko m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00e1lka ukotvena v t\u011ble - mimo jazyk.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Je p\u0159edposledn\u00ed kapitola sp\u00ed\u0161e o va\u0161em d\u011bde\u010dkovi, nebo o v\u00e1s?<\/strong><br \/>\nO obou. Ukazuje, jak v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed generace, i kdy\u017e se o nich nikdy otev\u0159en\u011b nemluv\u00ed. V\u00e1lka nekon\u010d\u00ed u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed ji za\u017eili.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d nemluv\u00edte otev\u0159en\u011b o traumatu nebo posttraumatick\u00e9 stresov\u00e9 poru\u0161e?<\/strong><br \/>\nProto\u017ee a\u010dkoli tyto term\u00edny mohou b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by m\u011bly sp\u00ed\u0161e distancuj\u00edc\u00ed charakter. Popisovan\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed diagn\u00f3zu, aby byly srozumiteln\u00e9. Mluv\u00ed samy za sebe. O tomto t\u00e9matu pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dl\u00e1nek <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/je-zabijeni-bez-dustojnosti-strizlivou-otazkou-o-vrazdeni-teroru-a-valce\/\"><em><strong>Je zab\u00edjen\u00ed bez d\u016fstojnosti?<\/strong><\/em><\/a> tak\u00e9 podrobn\u011bji pops\u00e1ny ve dvou odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch vide\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co bude na\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti chyb\u011bt, pokud tato generace zmiz\u00ed?<\/strong><br \/>\nTich\u00e1 forma autority. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed necht\u011bli p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat, ale m\u011bli zku\u0161enosti. Jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy nenut\u00ed k souhlasu, ale k poko\u0159e tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 realit\u011b n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co byste cht\u011bli, aby si \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i z tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku odnesli?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1zor, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd postoj k p\u0159ik\u00fdvnut\u00ed. Ale sp\u00ed\u0161e pauza k zamy\u0161len\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 ned\u016fv\u011bru k rychl\u00fdm soud\u016fm - a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed pro vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed jako takov\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-546 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-546 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-546\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"mit klarheit durch die krise: wie ki neue perspektiven er\u00f6ffnet\" data-id=\"2436\"  data-category=\"b\u00fccher\" data-post_tag=\"buch krisen k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz lernen pers\u00f6nlichkeitsentwicklung ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/08\/srozumitelne-projit-krizi-jak-ki-otevira-nove-perspektivy\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Jasn\u00e9 p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed krize: jak um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 perspektivy<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"838\" height=\"1200\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Kniha &quot;Krize jako bod obratu - u\u010dit se, r\u016fst, formovat\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Krisen-Cover-Front-DEjpg.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 838px) 100vw, 838px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Krisen-Cover-Front-DEjpg.jpg 838w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Krisen-Cover-Front-DEjpg-210x300.jpg 210w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Krisen-Cover-Front-DEjpg-715x1024.jpg 715w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Krisen-Cover-Front-DEjpg-768x1100.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Krisen-Cover-Front-DEjpg-8x12.jpg 8w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/08\/srozumitelne-projit-krizi-jak-ki-otevira-nove-perspektivy\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Jasn\u00e9 p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed krize: jak um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 perspektivy<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"ollama trifft qdrant: ein lokales ged\u00e4chtnis f\u00fcr deine ki auf dem mac\" data-id=\"2502\"  data-category=\"apple macos filemaker &amp; 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anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"buch datenlogik denkmodelle k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz lernen llm ratgeber sprachmodell\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/pouziti-ki-jako-sparingpartnera-jak-se-mysleni-v-dialogu-stava-produktivnejsim\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Pou\u017eit\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence jako sparingpartnera: Jak se my\u0161len\u00ed v dialogu st\u00e1v\u00e1 produktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"AI jako partner pro \u00faspory\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/ki-als-sparringspartner-laptop.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/ki-als-sparringspartner-laptop.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/ki-als-sparringspartner-laptop-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/ki-als-sparringspartner-laptop-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/ki-als-sparringspartner-laptop-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/pouziti-ki-jako-sparingpartnera-jak-se-mysleni-v-dialogu-stava-produktivnejsim\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Pou\u017eit\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence jako sparingpartnera: Jak se my\u0161len\u00ed v dialogu st\u00e1v\u00e1 produktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hodn\u011b se mluv\u00ed o v\u00e1lce. Ve zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch, talk show, koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Snad \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 t\u00e9ma nen\u00ed tak aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed - a z\u00e1rove\u0148 tak podivn\u011b abstraktn\u00ed. \u010c\u00edsla, mapy, frontov\u00e9 linie, hodnocen\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016f. V\u00edme, kde se co d\u011bje, kdo je do toho zapojen a co je v s\u00e1zce. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161ak chyb\u00ed hlasy t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se na tom pod\u00edlej\u00ed, a to i t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed ... <a title=\"Pou\u017eit\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence jako sparingpartnera: Jak se my\u0161len\u00ed v dialogu st\u00e1v\u00e1 produktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/pouziti-ki-jako-sparingpartnera-jak-se-mysleni-v-dialogu-stava-produktivnejsim\/\" aria-label=\"\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce o Pou\u017eit\u00ed AI jako sparingpartnera: Jak se my\u0161len\u00ed v dialogu st\u00e1v\u00e1 produktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4678,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":85,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,466],"tags":[480,458,475,482,426,476,483,484],"class_list":["post-4674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-allgemein","category-gesellschaft","tag-deutschland","tag-erfahrungen","tag-europa","tag-geopolitik","tag-krisen","tag-meinungsfreiheit","tag-musik","tag-sicherheitspolitik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4674","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4674"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4674\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5824,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4674\/revisions\/5824"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4674"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4674"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}