{"id":5102,"date":"2026-03-02T11:26:21","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T11:26:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/?p=5102"},"modified":"2026-04-21T14:51:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T14:51:52","slug":"evropa-mezi-svobodou-projevu-a-regulaci-novy-informacni-portal-usa-vyvolava-otazky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/03\/evropa-mezi-svobodou-projevu-a-regulaci-novy-informacni-portal-usa-vyvolava-otazky\/","title":{"rendered":"Evropa mezi svobodou projevu a regulac\u00ed: Nov\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed port\u00e1l USA vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ned\u00e1vno jsem narazil na informaci, kter\u00e1 m\u011b zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zaujala sp\u00ed\u0161e n\u00e1hodn\u011b - ale pak u\u017e m\u011b nepustila. V jedn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b se objevila zm\u00ednka o tom, \u017ee americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pl\u00e1nuje nov\u00fd online port\u00e1l. Port\u00e1l, kter\u00fd by zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148oval obsah, jen\u017e je v ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblastech sv\u011bta blokov\u00e1n. Zm\u00edn\u011bny byly zem\u011b jako \u00cdr\u00e1n a \u010c\u00edna. Ale pak se objevil dal\u0161\u00ed term\u00edn: Evropa.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Evropa.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>My\u0161lenka, \u017ee americk\u00e9 organizace vyv\u00edjej\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed port\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je v\u00fdslovn\u011b ur\u010den pro evropsk\u00e9 ob\u010dany, proto\u017ee ur\u010dit\u00fd obsah zde ji\u017e nen\u00ed dostupn\u00fd, m\u011b p\u0159ivedla k zamy\u0161len\u00ed. Ne rozho\u0159\u010den\u011b nebo v panice, ale ve st\u0159ehu. Kdy\u017e se najednou jedn\u00edm dechem mluv\u00ed o Evrop\u011b jako o klasick\u00fdch cenzurn\u00edch oblastech, stoj\u00ed za to se na to pod\u00edvat bl\u00ed\u017ee.<!--more--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-755 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-755 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky sou\u010dasnosti<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-755\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"energie, macht und abh\u00e4ngigkeit: europas weg vom exportweltmeister zum nachfrager\" data-id=\"4945\"  data-category=\"allgemein featured gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle deutschland energiepolitik eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/energeticka-sila-a-zavislost-prechod-evropy-ze-svetoveho-exportniho-sampiona-na-spotrebitele\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Energie, moc a z\u00e1vislost: cesta Evropy od sv\u011btov\u00e9ho exportn\u00edho \u0161ampiona ke spot\u0159ebiteli<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Evropa a energie\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Europa-Energie.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Europa-Energie.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Europa-Energie-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Europa-Energie-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Europa-Energie-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Europa-Energie-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/energeticka-sila-a-zavislost-prechod-evropy-ze-svetoveho-exportniho-sampiona-na-spotrebitele\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Energie, moc a z\u00e1vislost: cesta Evropy od sv\u011btov\u00e9ho exportn\u00edho \u0161ampiona ke spot\u0159ebiteli<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"wie tiere zeit wahrnehmen \u2013 und was das f\u00fcr die zukunft der ki bedeutet\" data-id=\"4918\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft ki-systeme\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle erfahrungen k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz llm portrait prozesse sprachmodell\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/jak-zvirata-vnimaji-cas-a-co-to-znamena-pro-budoucnost-ki\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Jak zv\u00ed\u0159ata vn\u00edmaj\u00ed \u010das - a co to znamen\u00e1 pro budoucnost um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Zv\u00ed\u0159ata, um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tiere-KI-Zeitwahrnehmung.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tiere-KI-Zeitwahrnehmung.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tiere-KI-Zeitwahrnehmung-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tiere-KI-Zeitwahrnehmung-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tiere-KI-Zeitwahrnehmung-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tiere-KI-Zeitwahrnehmung-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/jak-zvirata-vnimaji-cas-a-co-to-znamena-pro-budoucnost-ki\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Jak zv\u00ed\u0159ata vn\u00edmaj\u00ed \u010das - a co to znamen\u00e1 pro budoucnost um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"unsterblichkeit durch technik: wie weit forschung und ki wirklich sind\" data-id=\"3624\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft ki-systeme\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz lernen llm prozesse sprachmodell\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/nesmrtelnost-prostrednictvim-technologie-jak-daleko-vyzkum-a-ki-jsou-skutecne\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Nesmrtelnost d\u00edky technologi\u00edm: jak daleko se v\u00fdzkum a um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence skute\u010dn\u011b dostaly<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed nesmrtelnost\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/digitale-unsterblichkeit.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/digitale-unsterblichkeit.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/digitale-unsterblichkeit-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/digitale-unsterblichkeit-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/digitale-unsterblichkeit-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/digitale-unsterblichkeit-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/nesmrtelnost-prostrednictvim-technologie-jak-daleko-vyzkum-a-ki-jsou-skutecne\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Nesmrtelnost d\u00edky technologi\u00edm: jak daleko se v\u00fdzkum a um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence skute\u010dn\u011b dostaly<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"unternehmerische insolvenz: eine pers\u00f6nliche erfahrung mit leitfaden f\u00fcr krisenzeiten\" data-id=\"4062\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"buch erfahrungen krisen pers\u00f6nlichkeitsentwicklung ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/insolvence-podniku-osobni-zkusenost-s-pruvodcem-pro-obdobi-krize\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Podnikov\u00e1 insolvence: Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enost s pr\u016fvodcem pro obdob\u00ed krize<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Pr\u016fvodce podnikovou platebn\u00ed neschopnost\u00ed\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/insolvenz-krise-leitfaden.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/insolvenz-krise-leitfaden.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/insolvenz-krise-leitfaden-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/insolvenz-krise-leitfaden-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/insolvenz-krise-leitfaden-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/insolvenz-krise-leitfaden-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/insolvence-podniku-osobni-zkusenost-s-pruvodcem-pro-obdobi-krize\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Podnikov\u00e1 insolvence: Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enost s pr\u016fvodcem pro obdob\u00ed krize<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o svobod\u011b projevu<\/h2>\n<p><strong>01.04.2026<\/strong>: Pr\u00e1vn\u00edk a novin\u00e1\u0159 Ronen Steinke kresl\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/mmm.verdi.de\/aktuelle-meldungen\/immer-aerger-mit-der-obrigkeit-107141\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ve sv\u00e9 nov\u00e9 knize \u201eSvoboda projevu\u201c.\u201c<\/strong><\/a> kritick\u00fd obraz sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situace v N\u011bmecku. Zam\u011b\u0159uje se na zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee po\u010det z\u00e1konn\u00fdch omezen\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed se v posledn\u00edch letech v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il. Nov\u00e9 paragrafy a p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpisy znamenaj\u00ed, \u017ee policie a justice st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji zasahuj\u00ed proti n\u011bkter\u00fdm v\u00fdrok\u016fm.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_jjbsPL7cGkw\"><div id=\"lyte_jjbsPL7cGkw\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FjjbsPL7cGkw%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/jjbsPL7cGkw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FjjbsPL7cGkw%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nJe svoboda projevu v N\u011bmecku ohro\u017eena? S Ronenem Steinke | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@PolitikmitAnneWill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Politika s Anne Willovou<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Po\u010det p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed prudce vzrostl. P\u0159esto\u017ee takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt v jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e1, celkov\u011b roste riziko, \u017ee kv\u016fli p\u0159ehnan\u00fdm politick\u00fdm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm dojde k n\u00e1sledk\u016fm pro st\u00e1t. Steinke to pova\u017euje za v\u00fdvoj, kter\u00fd m\u011bn\u00ed vztah mezi ob\u010dany a st\u00e1tem a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed rostouc\u00ed tlak na svobodu projevu. Debata o tom, kde kon\u010d\u00ed legitimn\u00ed regulace a kde za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed omezen\u00ed, se proto st\u00e1v\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-5385\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Guido-Westerwelle-Todestag-300x156.jpg\" alt=\"Guido Westerwelle\" width=\"300\" height=\"156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Guido-Westerwelle-Todestag-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Guido-Westerwelle-Todestag-1024x534.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Guido-Westerwelle-Todestag-768x401.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Guido-Westerwelle-Todestag-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Guido-Westerwelle-Todestag.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>18.03.2026<\/strong>: U p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti des\u00e1t\u00e9ho v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed \u00famrt\u00ed Guida Westerwelleho zve\u0159ej\u0148uji k tomuto \u010dl\u00e1nku jeho pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed projev. Ve sv\u00e9m projevu na rozlou\u010denou na celost\u00e1tn\u00ed konferenci strany FDP v kv\u011btnu 2011 formuloval Guido Westerwelle jedno z nejstru\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch liber\u00e1ln\u00edch napomenut\u00ed v n\u011bmeck\u00e9 politice posledn\u00ed doby. P\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee svoboda nen\u00ed stav, kter\u00e9ho lze jednou dos\u00e1hnout a pak si ho udr\u017eet, ale n\u011bco, co lze postupn\u011b - \u010dasto nepozorovan\u011b - ztratit. Svou \u010dasto citovanou v\u011btou <em><strong>Svoboda um\u00edr\u00e1 \u201ev\u017edy na centimetry\u201c<\/strong><\/em>, zachytil centr\u00e1ln\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed: Svobodu neohro\u017euj\u00ed velk\u00e9 p\u0159evraty, ale drobn\u00e1, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b rozumn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 Westerwelle zd\u016fraznil my\u0161lenku, kter\u00e1 se dnes zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 starom\u00f3dn\u00ed: Svoboda je neodd\u011bliteln\u011b spojena s odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed. Spole\u010denstv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee fungovat pouze tehdy, pokud ob\u010dan\u00e9 aktivn\u011b \u017eij\u00ed a br\u00e1n\u00ed svou svobodu, m\u00edsto aby ji p\u0159enech\u00e1vali st\u00e1tu. Svoboda nen\u00ed osvobozen\u00ed od odpov\u011bdnosti, ale svoboda p\u0159evz\u00edt odpov\u011bdnost - princip, kter\u00fd pozd\u011bji opakovan\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148oval na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_XtKxVPg7PC0\"><div id=\"lyte_XtKxVPg7PC0\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FXtKxVPg7PC0%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/XtKxVPg7PC0\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FXtKxVPg7PC0%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nRozlu\u010dkov\u00fd projev Guida Westerwelleho | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@phoenix\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Phoenix<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Co se zde vlastn\u011b dalo do pohybu?<\/h2>\n<p>Evropa byla po desetilet\u00ed oblast\u00ed, kde byla svoboda n\u00e1zor\u016f pova\u017eov\u00e1na za samoz\u0159ejmost. Mohli jste se h\u00e1dat, provokovat a nesouhlasit. Mohli jste tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkat nesmysly - a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pochybnost\u00ed jste se museli sm\u00ed\u0159it s protimluvem, nikoli s trestn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edmi d\u016fsledky. Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed bylo jasn\u00e9: mezi ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fdm podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00edm a kontroverzn\u00edm n\u00e1zorem existovala pr\u00e1vn\u011b definovan\u00e1 hranice.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3n se v\u0161ak v posledn\u00edch letech zm\u011bnil. Pojmy jako \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy\u201c, \u201edezinformace\u201c a \u201etoxick\u00fd obsah\u201c se staly ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed politick\u00fdch debat. Samy o sob\u011b nejsou \u0161patn\u00e9 nebo nelegitimn\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 spole\u010dnost samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pot\u0159ebuje pravidla. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee nikdo nesm\u00ed podn\u011bcovat k n\u00e1sil\u00ed nebo poni\u017eovat lidi.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se v\u0161ak zd\u00e1, \u017ee se n\u011bco m\u011bn\u00ed. Definice se roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed. Vznik\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prostor pro interpretaci. To, co bylo v\u010dera pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159ehnan\u00fd n\u00e1zor, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dnes klasifikov\u00e1no jako problematick\u00e9. A to, co se dnes je\u0161t\u011b zd\u00e1 sporn\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee z\u00edtra spadat pod novou, \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed definici trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu.<\/p>\n<p>Tento v\u00fdvoj neprob\u00edh\u00e1 nahlas. D\u011bje se tak krok za krokem. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je pozoruhodn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>Mezi ochranou a paternalismem<\/h3>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou nen\u00ed, zda maj\u00ed existovat hranice. Jde o to, kudy vedou - a kdo je vyty\u010duje. Pokud politick\u00e9 iniciativy nyn\u00ed usiluj\u00ed o mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed vymezen\u00ed \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projev\u016f\u201c ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve, pokud by i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di biologick\u00e9 v\u00fdroky mohly b\u00fdt za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed, vznik\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi legitimn\u00ed ochranou men\u0161in a svobodou otev\u0159en\u011b hovo\u0159it o spole\u010densk\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji.<\/p>\n<p>Stabiln\u00ed demokracie mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopna odolat oboj\u00edmu: ochranu i kontroverzi. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak vznikne dojem, \u017ee se debaty st\u00e1le v\u00edce formuluj\u00ed v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch term\u00ednech, roste ned\u016fv\u011bra. Ne nutn\u011b proto, \u017ee by se lid\u00e9 st\u00e1vali radik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi - ale proto, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee se prostor zu\u017euje.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto bod\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 pl\u00e1novan\u00fd port\u00e1l USA symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Ne proto, \u017ee by bezprost\u0159edn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159el realitu. Ale proto, \u017ee ukazuje, jak je Evropa vn\u00edm\u00e1na zven\u010d\u00ed. Ve Washingtonu zjevn\u011b panuje n\u00e1zor, \u017ee evrop\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 ji\u017e nemus\u00ed m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup ke v\u0161em informac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 jsou jinde voln\u011b dostupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0165 u\u017e je toto hodnocen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, nebo ne, pozoruhodn\u00fd je u\u017e samotn\u00fd fakt, \u017ee bylo formulov\u00e1no.<\/p>\n<h3>Ot\u00e1zka p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/h3>\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek nep\u00ed\u0161u z rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed, ale ze zv\u011bdavosti. A mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 z jist\u00e9 skepse v\u016f\u010di v\u00fdvoji, kter\u00fd se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 samoz\u0159ejm\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Evropa z\u00edskala svou identitu d\u00edky osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed, diskurzu a intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u0159enic\u00edm. Z p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee argumenty jsou siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e z\u00e1kazy. \u017de zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 jsou schopni kategorizovat informace - i kdy\u017e jsou nepohodln\u00e9 nebo rozporupln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>S t\u00edm, jak se objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, nov\u00e9 definice a nov\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed re\u017eimy, je legitimn\u00ed se pt\u00e1t: Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1me v\u011brni tomuto odkazu? Nebo se ub\u00edr\u00e1me - mo\u017en\u00e1 s dobr\u00fdmi \u00famysly - sm\u011brem, kdy se regulace postupn\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 omezen\u00edm?<\/p>\n<p>Zpr\u00e1va o americk\u00e9m informa\u010dn\u00edm port\u00e1lu pro m\u011b byla p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed pod\u00edvat se na tuto problematiku v\u00edce ne\u017e jen okrajov\u011b. Je to sign\u00e1l. Ne d\u016fkaz radik\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny, ale n\u00e1znak, \u017ee se n\u011bco m\u011bn\u00ed. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tuto zm\u011bnu bych cht\u011bl v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch kapitol\u00e1ch zkoumat - klidn\u011b, objektivn\u011b a bez ukvapen\u00fdch soud\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5106\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Vermessung-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Vermessung-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Vermessung-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Vermessung-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Vermessung-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Vermessung.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Co by m\u011blo v budoucnu spadat pod \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy\u201c?<\/h2>\n<p>Pojem \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy\u201c nen\u00ed v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nov\u00fd. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ji\u017e mnoho let k ozna\u010den\u00ed c\u00edlen\u00e9ho poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k nen\u00e1visti nebo v\u00fdzev k n\u00e1sil\u00ed v\u016f\u010di ur\u010dit\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m. V tomto \u00fazk\u00e9m smyslu \u0161lo a jde o pom\u011brn\u011b jasnou z\u00e1le\u017eitost: ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo dehonestuje jin\u00e9 lidi nebo podn\u011bcuje k n\u00e1sil\u00ed, p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranici.<\/p>\n<p>V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b je v\u0161ak z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee se tento term\u00edn v politick\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u0161\u00ed\u0159eji. Pozornost se zam\u011b\u0159uje nejen na trestn\u00e9 nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy, ale tak\u00e9 na v\u00fdroky, kter\u00e9 lze interpretovat jako \u201eponi\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c, \u201emarginalizuj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c nebo \u201epo\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 klima\u201c. Formulace v r\u016fzn\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch n\u00e1vrz\u00edch a politick\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch jsou n\u00e1padn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>To, co se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jev\u00ed jako koncep\u010dn\u00ed nuance, m\u00e1 praktick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. \u010c\u00edm \u0161\u00ed\u0159eji je pojem definov\u00e1n, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je prostor pro jeho v\u00fdklad. A \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je prostor pro v\u00fdklad, t\u00edm v\u00edce z\u00e1vis\u00ed jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m politick\u00e9m a kulturn\u00edm kontextu.<\/p>\n<h3>Od trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti ke standardizaci<\/h3>\n<p>Mezi jasn\u011b definovan\u00fdmi trestn\u00fdmi \u010diny a normativn\u00edmi o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edmi je zna\u010dn\u00fd rozd\u00edl. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1kony konkr\u00e9tn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, co je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no: ur\u00e1\u017eka, podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k nen\u00e1visti, podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Jsou ov\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9, soudn\u011b vymahateln\u00e9 a spojen\u00e9 s relativn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00fdmi trestn\u00fdmi \u010diny.<\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00fd diskurz se v\u0161ak st\u00e1le v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159uje na jakousi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou logiku ochrany. Je t\u0159eba zabr\u00e1nit nejen p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm na lidi, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrok\u016fm, kter\u00e9 lze ch\u00e1pat jako nep\u0159\u00edmo zra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed nebo struktur\u00e1ln\u011b diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed. Pozornost se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 od konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed k mo\u017en\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9mem zde nen\u00ed my\u0161lenka ochrany jako takov\u00e1. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 civilizovan\u00e1 spole\u010dnost chr\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u010dleny p\u0159ed hanoben\u00edm a n\u00e1sil\u00edm. Probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e v ur\u010den\u00ed hranice: kdy se kontroverzn\u00ed n\u00e1zor st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdrokem hodn\u00fdm trestu? Kdy je kritika spole\u010densk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje je\u0161t\u011b legitimn\u00ed - a kdy u\u017e je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to \u0161ed\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b vznikaj\u00ed nejasnosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Spor o pohlav\u00ed a identitu<\/h3>\n<p>Tento v\u00fdvoj je patrn\u00fd zejm\u00e9na v debat\u011b o genderu a identit\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e1 politick\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a doprovodn\u00e9 diskusn\u00ed dokumenty nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee \u201epop\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed existence ur\u010dit\u00fdch genderov\u00fdch identit\u201c nebo \u201eodm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed genderov\u00e9 rozmanitosti\u201c by mohlo b\u00fdt klasifikov\u00e1no jako diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky. Je tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee biologicky existuj\u00ed dv\u011b pohlav\u00ed, v\u011bdeck\u00fdm tvrzen\u00edm, nebo ji\u017e politickou provokac\u00ed? Je odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch forem - nap\u0159\u00edklad genderu - v\u00fdrazem osobn\u00edch preferenc\u00ed, nebo potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fdm?<\/p>\n<p>St\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed se zde r\u016fzn\u00e9 pohledy na sv\u011bt. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 je uzn\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch identit imperativem d\u016fstojnosti. Pro jin\u00e9 je zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed biologick\u00fdch kategori\u00ed objektivn\u00edm postojem. Dokud lze o t\u011bchto postoj\u00edch otev\u0159en\u011b diskutovat, je demokratick\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha zachov\u00e1na. Pokud se v\u0161ak jedna strana vystavuje riziku, \u017ee bude pr\u00e1vn\u011b sankcionov\u00e1na, vznik\u00e1 nerovnov\u00e1ha.<\/p>\n<p>Nejde o hodnocen\u00ed jedn\u00e9 z t\u011bchto pozic. Jde o to, zda st\u00e1t do tohoto sporu zas\u00e1hne jako rozhodce - a pokud ano, s jak\u00fdmi krit\u00e9rii.<\/p>\n<h3>Co m\u016f\u017eete v N\u011bmecku je\u0161t\u011b \u0159\u00edct? - Zpr\u00e1va o svobod\u011b projevu v oblasti nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>V po\u0159adu ZDF \u201eAm Puls\u201c se Mitri Sirin zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou svobody projevu v N\u011bmecku. Po\u0159ad osv\u011btluje r\u016fzn\u00e9 pohledy - od lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed vn\u00edmaj\u00ed omezen\u00ed, a\u017e po ty, kte\u0159\u00ed toto z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo nad\u00e1le pova\u017euj\u00ed za stabiln\u00ed. Ukazuje se, jak emotivn\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 slo\u017eit\u00e1 je tato debata.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_aXBj5Bomgk8\"><div id=\"lyte_aXBj5Bomgk8\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FaXBj5Bomgk8%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/aXBj5Bomgk8\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FaXBj5Bomgk8%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nCo m\u016f\u017eete v N\u011bmecku je\u0161t\u011b \u0159\u00edct? - Na pulzu s Mitri Sirinem | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ZDFheute\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZDFtoday<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Mezi historick\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi, sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi trestn\u00edmi \u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi a spole\u010denskou polarizac\u00ed vznik\u00e1 mnohovrstevnat\u00fd obraz. Hlavn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1: Je svoboda projevu ohro\u017eena, nebo se pouze m\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fd r\u00e1mec?<\/p>\n<h3>\u00daloha platforem a org\u00e1n\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed aspekt se t\u00fdk\u00e1 praktick\u00e9ho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed. I kdy\u017e z\u00e1kony v\u00fdslovn\u011b nekriminalizuj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd problematick\u00fd v\u00fdrok, regula\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky vyv\u00edjej\u00ed na platformy tlak. Nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 velk\u00fdm poskytovatel\u016fm online slu\u017eeb povinnost zv\u00fd\u0161it moderov\u00e1n\u00ed a rychle reagovat na nahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd obsah.<\/p>\n<p>V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010dnosti mus\u00ed rozhodnout, co je p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 a co ne. Jednaj\u00ed pod \u010dasov\u00fdm tlakem a s ohledem na mo\u017en\u00e9 sankce. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pochybnost\u00ed rad\u011bji sma\u017eou, ne\u017e aby riskovaly poru\u0161en\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f. Tato dynamika vede k jak\u00e9si p\u0159edv\u00eddav\u00e9 adaptaci - samoregulaci, kter\u00e1 je \u010dasto p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e skute\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed stav.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edm se debata p\u0159esouv\u00e1 d\u00e1le do soukrom\u00fdch moder\u00e1torsk\u00fdch m\u00edstnost\u00ed. Rozhodnut\u00ed ji\u017e nejsou projedn\u00e1v\u00e1na transparentn\u011b ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch soudn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, ale jsou p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na intern\u00edmi t\u00fdmy a algoritmy. U\u017eivatel\u016fm \u010dasto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejasn\u00e9, pro\u010d byl p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek odstran\u011bn nebo \u00fa\u010det zablokov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdsledkem je syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je form\u00e1ln\u011b zakotven v pr\u00e1vn\u00edm st\u00e1t\u011b, ale v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b pochopiteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>Mezi ochranou a p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00edm<\/h3>\n<p>Lze nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee to v\u0161e slou\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b zraniteln\u00fdch skupin. A skute\u010dn\u011b, deklarovan\u00fdm c\u00edlem mnoha politick\u00fdch iniciativ je omezit diskriminaci a podpo\u0159it respektuj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 norma v\u0161ak v sob\u011b skr\u00fdv\u00e1 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho protahov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud se pojmy jako \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00fd projev\u201c stanou univerz\u00e1ln\u00edmi kategoriemi, pod kter\u00e9 se zahrnuj\u00ed velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9 situace, ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed jasnost. To, co je zam\u00fd\u0161leno jako ochrana, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako omezen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Demokratick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti prosperuj\u00ed d\u00edky schopnosti odol\u00e1vat nap\u011bt\u00ed. Vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee ob\u010dan\u00e9 jsou schopni zvl\u00e1dat protich\u016fdn\u00e9 informace a v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00e9 debaty. Pokud je tento p\u0159edpoklad opu\u0161t\u011bn, m\u011bn\u00ed se ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vysp\u011blosti.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom tkv\u00ed j\u00e1dro sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje: diskutuje se nejen o definici nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9ho projevu, ale i o obrazu samotn\u00e9ho ob\u010dana. Je to n\u011bkdo, koho je t\u0159eba chr\u00e1nit - i p\u0159ed nepohodln\u00fdmi n\u00e1zory? Nebo n\u011bkdo, komu lze v\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee se dok\u00e1\u017ee orientovat v otev\u0159en\u00e9 diskusi?<\/p>\n<p>Tato ot\u00e1zka nen\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b polo\u017eena. Rezonuje v\u0161ak v ka\u017ed\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 definici. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto stoj\u00ed za to tyto pojmy pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit, ne\u017e se stanou z\u00e1kladem dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdch politick\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5107\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Hate-Speech-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Kdo definuje, co je nen\u00e1vistn\u00fd projev?\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Hate-Speech-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Hate-Speech-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Hate-Speech-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Hate-Speech-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Hate-Speech.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Kdy\u017e se definice st\u00e1vaj\u00ed politick\u00fdmi<\/h2>\n<p>V ka\u017ed\u00e9m pr\u00e1vn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu existuj\u00ed pojmy, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba vykl\u00e1dat. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1kon nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edem pln\u011b definovat ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad. Proto existuj\u00ed soudy, proto existuj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e, proto se judikatura vyv\u00edj\u00ed po desetilet\u00ed. Je v\u0161ak nezbytn\u00e9, aby kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy z\u016fstaly co nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejp\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se kategorie jako \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy\u201c, \u201edezinformace\u201c nebo \u201eponi\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed obsah\u201c roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed do st\u00e1le \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch souvislost\u00ed, vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Kdo vlastn\u011b rozhoduje o tom, kde je hranice?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Je to z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce? Jsou to soudy? Jsou to \u00fa\u0159ady? Nebo jsou to soukrom\u00e9 platformy, kter\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00ed nez\u00e1visle pod tlakem regulace? V praxi doch\u00e1z\u00ed k interakci mezi v\u0161emi t\u011bmito akt\u00e9ry. \u010c\u00edm jsou v\u0161ak pojmy v\u00e1gn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je prostor pro jejich v\u00fdklad. A \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je prostor pro v\u00fdklad, t\u00edm siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vliv politick\u00e9ho ducha.<\/p>\n<p>V ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by pr\u00e1vo m\u011blo b\u00fdt stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e1 politika. M\u011blo by poskytovat orientaci - zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e se spole\u010densk\u00e9 debaty rozho\u0159\u00ed. Pokud jsou v\u0161ak samotn\u00e9 definice politicky zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed pr\u00e1vo \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 spolehlivosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Zm\u011bna mor\u00e1lky<\/h3>\n<p>Historie ukazuje, jak prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt mor\u00e1ln\u00ed kategorie. To, co bylo v jedn\u00e9 dob\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, bylo v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za problematick\u00e9 - a naopak. Tato zm\u011bna nen\u00ed chybou, ale projevem spole\u010densk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje. Skr\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u0161ak riziko, kdy\u017e se mor\u00e1ln\u00ed soudy p\u0159\u00edmo prom\u00edtaj\u00ed do trestn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edch kategori\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo je p\u0159ece nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojem st\u00e1tu. Nejen reguluje, ale tak\u00e9 sankcionuje. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo s n\u00edm operuje, by proto m\u011bl b\u00fdt obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zdr\u017eenliv\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se definice stanou politick\u00fdmi, nemus\u00ed to nutn\u011b znamenat sv\u00e9voli. Znamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak, \u017ee spole\u010densk\u00e9 spory ji\u017e nejsou vedeny v\u00fdhradn\u011b v diskurzu, ale podl\u00e9haj\u00ed Damoklovu me\u010di mo\u017en\u00fdch sankc\u00ed. T\u00edm se m\u011bn\u00ed dynamika.<\/p>\n<p>Lid\u00e9 se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed vyjad\u0159ovat opatrn\u011bji. Spole\u010dnosti reaguj\u00ed preventivn\u011b. Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti p\u0159ekontrolov\u00e1vaj\u00ed, zda jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 formulace st\u00e1le p\u0159ijateln\u00e9. Ne nutn\u011b proto, \u017ee jsou extr\u00e9mn\u00ed - ale proto, \u017ee nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak by mohly b\u00fdt v budoucnu kategorizov\u00e1ny. K tomuto v\u00fdvoji doch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u0159\u00eddkakdy n\u00e1hle. Je postupn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00daloha \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f a poradn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed aspekt se t\u00fdk\u00e1 rostouc\u00edho v\u00fdznamu administrativn\u00edho v\u00fdkladu. Krom\u011b soud\u016f se na sc\u00e9n\u011b st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji objevuj\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady, kontroln\u00ed org\u00e1ny a poradn\u00ed v\u00fdbory. Ty formuluj\u00ed pokyny, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed a vykl\u00e1daj\u00ed nov\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm prostoru. Form\u00e1ln\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed v r\u00e1mci z\u00e1kona. Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak maj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00fd vliv na jejich uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kdy\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad dozorov\u00e9 org\u00e1ny ur\u010duj\u00ed, ke kter\u00fdm platform\u00e1m s obsahem maj\u00ed p\u0159istupovat obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kriticky, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed t\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd tlak na normalizaci.<\/p>\n<p>Zapojuj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 extern\u00ed subjekty: nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace, v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poradn\u00ed sbory, iniciativy ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Poskytuj\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, definuj\u00ed problematick\u00e9 narativy a hodnot\u00ed v\u00fdvoj diskurzu. To je v z\u00e1sad\u011b legitimn\u00ed - rozmanitost odborn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed je cenn\u00e1. I zde v\u0161ak plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm politi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je t\u00e9ma, t\u00edm v\u00edce se do n\u011bj zapojuj\u00ed ideologick\u00e9 perspektivy.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fraz se tak p\u0159esouv\u00e1 z jasn\u011b kodifikovan\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed na hodnot\u00edc\u00ed procesy. A hodnot\u00edc\u00ed procesy jsou p\u0159irozen\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b jasn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Platformy jako nov\u00e9 pohrani\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny<\/h3>\n<p>V digit\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u011bku hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli velk\u00e9 platformy. Nejsou st\u00e1tn\u00edmi org\u00e1ny, ale de facto funguj\u00ed jako str\u00e1\u017eci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 komunikace. Kdy\u017e je regula\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky p\u0159im\u011bj\u00ed rychle odstranit ur\u010dit\u00fd obsah nebo zablokovat u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty, vznik\u00e1 syst\u00e9m soukrom\u00fdch hranic.<\/p>\n<p>Moder\u00e1torsk\u00e9 t\u00fdmy pracuj\u00ed s intern\u00edmi pokyny, automatick\u00fdmi filtry a syst\u00e9my pro pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v. Rozhodnut\u00ed jsou \u010dasto p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika sekund. K pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu posouzen\u00ed v tradi\u010dn\u00edm smyslu doch\u00e1z\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddka. M\u00edsto toho se rozhoduje na z\u00e1klad\u011b pravd\u011bpodobnosti: M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tento obsah problematick\u00fd? Mohl by poru\u0161ovat nov\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy? Mohl by v\u00e9st k sankc\u00edm?<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e m\u00e1te pochybnosti, sma\u017ete je. Tato logika je z obchodn\u00edho hlediska pochopiteln\u00e1. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ak atmosf\u00e9ru nejistoty. Hranice se toti\u017e neposouv\u00e1 pouze form\u00e1ln\u00edmi z\u00e1kony, ale tak\u00e9 preventivn\u00edm p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00edm se mo\u017en\u00fdm v\u00fdklad\u016fm.<\/p>\n<h3>Zm\u011bna norem jako dlouhodob\u00fd proces<\/h3>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se definice stanou politick\u00fdmi, stane se je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho: za\u010dne se m\u011bnit samotn\u00e1 spole\u010densk\u00e1 norma. To, co je \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1no za problematick\u00e9, je v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku skute\u010dn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za problematick\u00e9 - bez ohledu na p\u016fvodn\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem jsou nov\u00e9 v\u011bci pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za samoz\u0159ejmost. Ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdroky u\u017e nejsou jen pr\u00e1vn\u011b riskantn\u00ed, ale i spole\u010densky ostrakizovan\u00e9. Kritika se formuluje opatrn\u011bji nebo se j\u00ed zcela vyh\u00fdb\u00e1. Spektrum toho, co lze \u0159\u00edkat, se nutn\u011b nezu\u017euje otev\u0159en\u00fdmi z\u00e1kazy, ale implicitn\u00edmi o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<p>Demokratick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti mus\u00ed s takov\u00fdmi procesy zach\u00e1zet opatrn\u011b. Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd posun v norm\u00e1ch je negativn\u00ed. M\u011bla by v\u0161ak z\u016fstat transparentn\u00ed a otev\u0159en\u00e1 diskusi. Pokud naopak nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, kde p\u0159esn\u011b le\u017e\u00ed hranice, vznik\u00e1 ned\u016fv\u011bra.<\/p>\n<p>To je mo\u017en\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro debaty: Probl\u00e9mem nen\u00ed existence pravidel, ale jejich nejasnost. Pr\u00e1vo pot\u0159ebuje jasnost, zejm\u00e9na v citliv\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch. Pokud definice p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na politick\u00fdch n\u00e1lad\u00e1ch, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 stability. A stabilita je to, co ob\u010dan\u00e9 od liber\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5108\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Ungleichgewicht-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Nerovnov\u00e1ha ve svobod\u011b projevu\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Ungleichgewicht-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Ungleichgewicht-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Ungleichgewicht-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Ungleichgewicht-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Ungleichgewicht.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Pl\u00e1novan\u00fd port\u00e1l USA: Co je zn\u00e1mo<\/h2>\n<p>Informace o pl\u00e1novan\u00e9m <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/netzwelt\/freedom-gov-us-regierung-entwickelt-offenbar-portal-gegen-eu-netzsperren-a-defd7e57-69a2-41a8-8a46-b9d669f3090c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Americk\u00fd online port\u00e1l<\/strong><\/a> nebyly dosud ve\u0159ejn\u011b podrobn\u011b formulov\u00e1ny. Nejedn\u00e1 se o ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zah\u00e1jen\u00fd vl\u00e1dn\u00ed program s kompletn\u00ed b\u00edlou knihou, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e o zpr\u00e1vy a ozn\u00e1men\u00ed z politick\u00fdch kruh\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se podpory svobody informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pozoruhodn\u00fd je v\u0161ak u\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip: st\u00e1tem podporovan\u00fd internetov\u00fd port\u00e1l m\u00e1 zp\u0159\u00edstupnit obsah, kter\u00fd je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech sv\u011bta blokov\u00e1n nebo zak\u00e1z\u00e1n. Jedn\u00e1 se o medi\u00e1ln\u00ed nab\u00eddky, kan\u00e1ly soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed nebo novin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 platformy, kter\u00e9 tam nejsou p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 z politick\u00fdch nebo regula\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Doposud se o takov\u00e9m n\u00e1stroji tradi\u010dn\u011b hovo\u0159ilo v souvislosti s autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty - nap\u0159\u00edklad se zem\u011bmi s p\u0159\u00edsnou cenzurou internetu. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se nyn\u00ed v t\u00e9to souvislosti v\u00fdslovn\u011b zmi\u0148uj\u00ed i evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, \u010din\u00ed projekt obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdm. Nejde ani tak o technick\u00e9 proveden\u00ed, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e o politick\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed: Svoboda informac\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Americk\u00e1 argumentace je zalo\u017eena na zn\u00e1m\u00e9m motivu: obran\u011b svobodn\u00fdch informac\u00ed. Po desetilet\u00ed se \u010d\u00e1st zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky USA pova\u017eovala za garanta otev\u0159en\u00e9ho komunika\u010dn\u00edho prostoru. B\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky to byly rozhlasov\u00e9 stanice jako \u201eR\u00e1dio Svobodn\u00e1 Evropa\u201c, pozd\u011bji digit\u00e1ln\u00ed programy, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly obej\u00edt st\u00e1tn\u00ed internetov\u00e9 blok\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto historick\u00e9m kontextu se pl\u00e1novan\u00fd port\u00e1l jev\u00ed jako pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 linie. M\u00e1 ob\u010dan\u016fm umo\u017enit p\u0159\u00edstup k obsahu, kter\u00fd nemohou vid\u011bt kv\u016fli st\u00e1tn\u00edm omezen\u00edm. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm je pos\u00edlen\u00ed transparentnosti a plurality.<\/p>\n<p>Z americk\u00e9ho pohledu se to m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t konzistentn\u00ed. Pokud je svoboda informac\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed dobro, pak je t\u0159eba ji h\u00e1jit i tam, kde demokratick\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed omezen\u00ed z jin\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b zde vznik\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Evropa jako sou\u010d\u00e1st c\u00edlov\u00e9 skupiny<\/h3>\n<p>Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropy je v tomto kontextu skute\u010dn\u00fdm st\u0159edobodem sporu. Evropsk\u00e1 unie v posledn\u00edch letech blokuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed nab\u00eddky nebo omezuje jejich \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v souvislosti s geopolitick\u00fdmi konflikty. Jako d\u016fvod uv\u00e1d\u011bla ochranu p\u0159ed propagandou, dezinformacemi nebo bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi riziky.<\/p>\n<p>Z evropsk\u00e9ho hlediska se jedn\u00e1 o legitimn\u00ed ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Z americk\u00e9ho pohledu - p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm v \u010d\u00e1sti politick\u00e9ho spektra - lze stejn\u00fd postup interpretovat jako omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se nyn\u00ed Evropa objev\u00ed na seznamu st\u00e1t\u016f, jejich\u017e ob\u010dan\u00e9 mohou pot\u0159ebovat alternativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 cesty, vznikne diplomaticky citliv\u00fd obr\u00e1zek. Nejde o p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi re\u017eimy, ale o implicitn\u00ed za\u0159azen\u00ed do kategorie \u201eregulovan\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch prostor\u016f\u201c. To samo o sob\u011b sta\u010d\u00ed k tomu, aby to vyvolalo ot\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n<h3>Strategick\u00fd rozm\u011br: m\u011bkk\u00e1 s\u00edla v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u011bku<\/h3>\n<p>Takov\u00fd port\u00e1l by byl nejen technick\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, ale tak\u00e9 geopolitick\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem. Informa\u010dn\u00ed politika se ji\u017e d\u00e1vno stala sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed strategick\u00fdch spor\u016f. Ten, kdo umo\u017e\u0148uje nebo omezuje p\u0159\u00edstup k obsahu, ovliv\u0148uje narativy, n\u00e1lady a politick\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Takov\u00fdm projektem by Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee se i nad\u00e1le pova\u017euj\u00ed za glob\u00e1ln\u00edho hr\u00e1\u010de v oblasti svobody projevu, a to i v\u016f\u010di spojenc\u016fm. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 by mohly ovlivnit evropsk\u00e9 debaty t\u00edm, \u017ee by zviditelnily alternativn\u00ed zdroje informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nemus\u00ed j\u00edt nutn\u011b o stranick\u00e9 politick\u00e9 motivy. Jde sp\u00ed\u0161e o to, zda se transatlantick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed rozch\u00e1z\u00ed v z\u00e1sadn\u00edm bod\u011b: v ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed toho, kolik regulace m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159en\u00fd diskurz tolerovat.<\/p>\n<h3>Technick\u00e9 proveden\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky<\/h3>\n<p>Zat\u00edm nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak by takov\u00fd port\u00e1l vlastn\u011b fungoval. V \u00favahu by p\u0159ich\u00e1zely zrcadlov\u00e9 servery, slu\u017eby p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo platformy, kter\u00e9 by sdru\u017eovaly obsah a zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ovaly jej mimo evropskou regulaci. Mo\u017en\u00e1 by byla i kombinace novin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 kur\u00e1torsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby a technick\u00e9 infrastruktury.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161ak vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. Byla by takov\u00e1 slu\u017eba v samotn\u00e9 Evrop\u011b blokov\u00e1na? Do\u0161lo by k pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu konfliktu mezi americk\u00fdm ustanoven\u00edm a evropskou regulac\u00ed? A jak by evropsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy reagovaly, kdyby sp\u0159\u00e1telen\u00fd st\u00e1t aktivn\u011b pom\u00e1hal obch\u00e1zet n\u00e1rodn\u00ed nebo evropsk\u00e1 omezen\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>Tyto ot\u00e1zky jsou st\u00e1le otev\u0159en\u00e9. Jejich existence v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 o \u010dist\u011b teoretickou debatu.<\/p>\n<h3>Symbol v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho rozvoje<\/h3>\n<p>Zda se port\u00e1l realizuje p\u0159esn\u011b v t\u00e9 podob\u011b, o kter\u00e9 se hovo\u0159\u00ed, \u010di nikoli, je nakonec vedlej\u0161\u00ed. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee se o t\u00e9to my\u0161lence v\u016fbec mluv\u00ed - a \u017ee se v t\u00e9to souvislosti zmi\u0148uje Evropa.<\/p>\n<p>Signalizuje zm\u011bnu vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed politici se zjevn\u011b domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee evropsk\u00fd regula\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec je natolik p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd, \u017ee se diskutuje o alternativn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zkou pro Evropu tedy nen\u00ed ani tak to, zda Washington tento projekt uskute\u010dn\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je sebereflexe: Jak je jej\u00ed vlastn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed politika vn\u00edm\u00e1na na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni? A jak chce b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1na sama?<\/p>\n<p>Oblast, kter\u00e1 se pova\u017euje za pr\u016fkopn\u00edka demokracie a pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00e1 na ot\u00e1zku svobody informac\u00ed. Koneckonc\u016f d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost nevych\u00e1z\u00ed pouze z dobr\u00fdch \u00famysl\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 ze zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm jsou pravidla formulov\u00e1na a uplat\u0148ov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n<p>Pl\u00e1novan\u00fd americk\u00fd port\u00e1l je tedy v\u00edce ne\u017e jen technick\u00fd projekt. Je to zrcadlo - a mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 prub\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fd k\u00e1men pro sebepojet\u00ed Evropy v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u011bku.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5109\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Sendung-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Nov\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed port\u00e1l USA\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Sendung-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Sendung-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Sendung-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Sendung-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Sendung.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Transatlantick\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna rol\u00ed?<\/h2>\n<p>Po desetilet\u00ed byl obraz jasn\u011b rozd\u011blen. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se pova\u017eovaly - alespo\u0148 r\u00e9toricky - za obr\u00e1nce svobody slova, za napom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edho st\u00e1ty s cenzurn\u00edmi strukturami a omezenou svobodou tisku. Evropa byla naopak vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako p\u0159irozen\u00fd partner tohoto sebeobrazu: jako kontinent osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed, otev\u0159en\u00e9 diskuse a \u00fastavn\u00edch z\u00e1ruk.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud nyn\u00ed Washington uva\u017euje o tom, \u017ee by evropsk\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm op\u011bt umo\u017enil p\u0159\u00edstup k ur\u010dit\u00fdm informac\u00edm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho port\u00e1lu, vypad\u00e1 to jako tich\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna rol\u00ed. Nikoliv hlasit\u011b ohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1, nikoliv ofici\u00e1ln\u011b konfronta\u010dn\u00ed - ale symbolicky siln\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Evropa ji\u017e nen\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b bojovn\u00edkem v boji za otev\u0159en\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed prostor, ale je alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako regulovan\u00fd prostor, v n\u011bm\u017e je obsah filtrov\u00e1n nebo blokov\u00e1n. Tento posun nen\u00ed ani tak v\u00fdznamn\u00fd z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e z politick\u00e9ho hlediska. Vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed toti\u017e utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed realitu.<\/p>\n<h3>R\u016fzn\u00e9 tradice svobody projevu<\/h3>\n<p>\u010c\u00e1st rozd\u00edl\u016f lze vysv\u011btlit historicky. Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech se svoboda projevu t\u011b\u0161\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b siln\u00e9 \u00fastavn\u00ed ochran\u011b podle prvn\u00edho dodatku. Pr\u00e1h pro st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1sah je tradi\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00fd. Dokonce i provokativn\u00ed, nevkusn\u00e9 nebo extr\u00e9mn\u011b kontroverzn\u00ed v\u00fdroky jsou \u010dasto za\u0159azeny pod ochranu svobody projevu, pokud p\u0159\u00edmo nepodn\u011bcuj\u00ed k n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Evropa naproti tomu v\u017edy zauj\u00edmala vyv\u00e1\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. D\u016fstojnost jednotlivce, ochrana p\u0159ed diskriminac\u00ed a historick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s extremistickou propagandou vedly k diferencovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu souboru pravidel. Svoboda projevu je zaru\u010dena - je v\u0161ak v nap\u011bt\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi z\u00e1konn\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<p>Dlouhou dobu tyto rozd\u00edly nep\u0159edstavovaly probl\u00e9m, ale v\u00fdraz odli\u0161n\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch tradic. S t\u00edm, jak Evropa roz\u0161i\u0159uje svou regulaci a zvy\u0161uje odpov\u011bdnost digit\u00e1ln\u00edch platforem, jsou v\u0161ak rozd\u00edly st\u00e1le z\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. To, co se v Bruselu jev\u00ed jako nezbytn\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ve Washingtonu ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako nadm\u011brn\u00e1 regulace.<\/p>\n<h3>Sign\u00e1l z Mnichova: Vance a ot\u00e1zka svobody projevu<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159ed rokem zazn\u011bl projev <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/03\/kdo-je-j-d-vance-portret-jeho-puvodu-kariery-rozporu-a-budoucnosti\/\"><strong>J. D. Vance<\/strong><\/a> na Mnichovsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed konferenci vyvolal znateln\u00e9 podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed americk\u00fd viceprezident otev\u0159en\u011b hovo\u0159il o \u201eohro\u017een\u00e9 svobod\u011b slova v Evrop\u011b\u201c a zpochybnil, zda maj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 demokracie je\u0161t\u011b dostate\u010dnou d\u016fv\u011bru ve vlastn\u00ed ob\u010dany. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se jednalo o prvn\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 vystoupen\u00ed p\u0159edstavitele nov\u00e9 Trumpovy administrativy na evropsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b, dodala projevu dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_v1bEAsC40x8\"><div id=\"lyte_v1bEAsC40x8\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fv1bEAsC40x8%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/v1bEAsC40x8\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fv1bEAsC40x8%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nJ.D. Vance Projev n\u011bmecky - \u00abOhro\u017een\u00ed svobody projevu v Evrop\u011b\u00bb | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@LangemannTV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Langemann Media<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pozoruhodn\u00fd byl nejen jasn\u00fd t\u00f3n, ale tak\u00e9 osobn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011br. Vystoupen\u00ed bylo m\u00e9n\u011b diplomatick\u00e9 ne\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u00ed - a rezonuje dodnes.<\/p>\n<h3>Sign\u00e1l pro vlastn\u00ed obyvatelstvo<\/h3>\n<p>Pro americkou politiku by takov\u00fd port\u00e1l m\u011bl i vnitropolitick\u00fd rozm\u011br. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje sebeobraz obh\u00e1jce otev\u0159en\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho prostoru - a to i pokud jde o partnersk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. V dob\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edch mocensk\u00fdch zm\u011bn to lze ch\u00e1pat jako pokus o prosazen\u00ed normativn\u00edch n\u00e1rok\u016f na vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je to sign\u00e1l pro evropsk\u00e9 ob\u010dany: nab\u00edz\u00edme v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edstup k informac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 va\u0161e vlastn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy mo\u017en\u00e1 omezuj\u00ed. Uvid\u00edme, zda se toto poselstv\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b uchyt\u00ed. Ale samotn\u00e1 mo\u017enost m\u011bn\u00ed dynamiku.<\/p>\n<p>Transatlantick\u00e9 vztahy, kter\u00e9 se po desetilet\u00ed vyzna\u010dovaly spole\u010dn\u00fdmi hodnotami, tak z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed nov\u00fd rozm\u011br. Nikoliv konfrontace v tradi\u010dn\u00edm smyslu, ale r\u016fzn\u00e9 interpretace t\u00e9ho\u017e principu - svobody.<\/p>\n<h3>Sebev\u011bdom\u00ed Evropy podrobeno zkou\u0161ce<\/h3>\n<p>Pro Evropu vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: Jak chce vid\u011bt sama sebe? Jako glob\u00e1ln\u00edho tv\u016frce standard\u016f v oblasti digit\u00e1ln\u00ed regulace? Jako \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed dezinformacemi? Nebo jako neochv\u011bjn\u00fd obh\u00e1jce otev\u0159en\u00e9 diskuse?<\/p>\n<p>Tyto role se nutn\u011b nevylu\u010duj\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce se v\u0161ak regulace dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do pop\u0159ed\u00ed, t\u00edm pe\u010dliv\u011bji je t\u0159eba vysv\u011btlit, kde kon\u010d\u00ed. Pokud vznikne dojem, \u017ee Evropa sp\u00ed\u0161e kontroluje, ne\u017e d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje, utrp\u00ed t\u00edm jej\u00ed vlastn\u00ed narativ. Evropa se p\u0159ece r\u00e1da odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 na svou osv\u00edcenskou tradici, na Kanta, na my\u0161lenku odpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho ob\u010dana. Tato tradice vych\u00e1z\u00ed z p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee lid\u00e9 jsou schopni si ud\u011blat vlastn\u00ed \u00fasudek - a to i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o rozporupln\u00fd nebo problematick\u00fd obsah.<\/p>\n<p>Transatlantick\u00e1 zm\u011bna role by tedy znamenala nejen zm\u011bnu v zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice, ale tak\u00e9 zpochybn\u011bn\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho sebeobrazu.<\/p>\n<h3>Symbolika a realita<\/h3>\n<p>Bylo by p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 tvrdit, \u017ee Evropa je nyn\u00ed na stejn\u00e9 \u00farovni jako autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 re\u017eimy. Institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly jsou z\u0159ejm\u00e9. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t, nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 soudy a pluralitn\u00ed m\u00e9dia jsou st\u00e1le realitou.<\/p>\n<p>Ale symbolika funguje. Kdy\u017e se v politick\u00e9 debat\u011b o omezen\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm zm\u00edn\u00ed Evropa, vytvo\u0159\u00ed se obraz - i kdy\u017e je pravdiv\u00fd jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Politice se na takov\u00fdch obrazech da\u0159\u00ed. Ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vztahy i dom\u00e1c\u00ed politick\u00e9 diskuse. Americk\u00fd port\u00e1l, kter\u00fd obch\u00e1z\u00ed evropsk\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, by nebyl jen technick\u00fdm procesem, ale diplomatick\u00fdm koment\u00e1\u0159em.<\/p>\n<h3>Skute\u010dn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka<\/h3>\n<p>Nakonec nejde ani tak o Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e o Evropu samotnou. Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna rol\u00ed nazna\u010duje, \u017ee existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na spr\u00e1vnou m\u00edru regulace.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka tedy zn\u00ed: Jakou m\u00edru kontroly m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159en\u00e1 spole\u010dnost tolerovat, ani\u017e by podkopala sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1klady? A jak m\u016f\u017ee br\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 hodnoty, ani\u017e by oslabila d\u016fv\u011bru ve vysp\u011blost sv\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f?<\/p>\n<p>Transatlantick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed je zalo\u017eeno na spole\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch. Pokud jsou tyto z\u00e1sady vykl\u00e1d\u00e1ny odli\u0161n\u011b, vznik\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Zda se z toho stane trval\u00e1 zm\u011bna rol\u00ed, nebo jen epizoda v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u011bku, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak na tento v\u00fdvoj zareaguje samotn\u00e1 Evropa.<\/p>\n<p>Zrcadlo nastaven\u00e9 pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm port\u00e1lem USA neukazuje zkreslen\u00fd obraz. Ukazuje perspektivu. A perspektivy mohou b\u00fdt nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 - zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed zven\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5110\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Rollentausch-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Transatlantick\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna rol\u00ed\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Rollentausch-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Rollentausch-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Rollentausch-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Rollentausch-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Rollentausch.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenita nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed izolace?<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1lokter\u00fd politick\u00fd pojem se v posledn\u00edch letech pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak \u010dasto jako \u201edigit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenita\u201c. Evropa chce b\u00fdt nez\u00e1vislej\u0161\u00ed - technologicky, ekonomicky i regula\u010dn\u011b. Vlastn\u00ed cloudov\u00e9 infrastruktury, vlastn\u00ed standardy ochrany dat, vlastn\u00ed pravidla pro platformy. Na prvn\u00ed pohled je to pochopiteln\u00fd c\u00edl.<\/p>\n<p>Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastruktura je ji\u017e dlouho sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kritick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu. Ti, kdo ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed komunikaci, datov\u00e9 toky a ekonomiku platforem, maj\u00ed vliv. Je racion\u00e1ln\u00ed a strategicky od\u016fvodniteln\u00e9, \u017ee Evropa nechce b\u00fdt v t\u00e9to oblasti zcela z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na mimoevropsk\u00fdch korporac\u00edch.<br \/>\nExistuje v\u0161ak tenk\u00e1 hranice mezi legitimn\u00edm sebeur\u010den\u00edm a pl\u00ed\u017eiv\u00fdm rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h3>Regulace jako n\u00e1stroj moci<\/h3>\n<p>Evropsk\u00e1 unie vytvo\u0159ila pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f, jako je z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (DSA) a dal\u0161\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o platform\u00e1ch, soubor pravidel, kter\u00e1 jsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1na po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Velk\u00e9 platformy jsou povinny rychleji kontrolovat obsah, systematicky analyzovat rizika a odstra\u0148ovat problematick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky. Z\u00e1m\u011br je jasn\u00fd: chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed dezinformacemi, nen\u00e1vist\u00ed a manipulac\u00ed. Regulace v\u0161ak nikdy nen\u00ed neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n<p>Platformy reaguj\u00ed nejen na jasn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona, ale tak\u00e9 na potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika. Pokud hroz\u00ed sankce, zvy\u0161uje se ochota preventivn\u011b mazat obsah. Tato dynamika je z obchodn\u00edho hlediska pochopiteln\u00e1. Nikdo nechce riskovat vysok\u00e9 pokuty nebo zdlouhav\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161ak posouv\u00e1 praktick\u00e9 hranice toho, co lze \u0159\u00edci. Ne v\u00fdslovn\u00fdm z\u00e1kazem, ale preventivn\u00ed \u00fapravou. Rozd\u00edl je jemn\u00fd - ale znateln\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>Autocenzura jako neviditeln\u00fd d\u016fsledek<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f digit\u00e1ln\u00ed regulace je neviditelnost jej\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f. Zat\u00edmco tradi\u010dn\u00ed cenzura byla otev\u0159en\u011b rozpoznateln\u00e1 - knihy byly zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny, noviny zabaveny - modern\u00ed kontrola obsahu m\u00e1 \u010dasto nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky zmiz\u00ed. \u00da\u010dty jsou blokov\u00e1ny. Sni\u017euje se dosah. Algoritmy up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fd obsah a omezuj\u00ed jin\u00fd. V\u011bt\u0161ina u\u017eivatel\u016f se nedozv\u00ed, jak\u00e1 intern\u00ed hodnot\u00edc\u00ed krit\u00e9ria byla pou\u017eita.<\/p>\n<p>Postupem \u010dasu se vytvo\u0159\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra opatrnosti. Novin\u00e1\u0159i jsou opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve formulac\u00edch. V\u011bdci zva\u017euj\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br slov. Podnikatel\u00e9 zva\u017euj\u00ed, kter\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed by mohla skr\u00fdvat obchodn\u00ed rizika. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 se mohou zdr\u017eet ur\u010dit\u00fdch v\u00fdrok\u016f ne proto, \u017ee by byly extr\u00e9mn\u00ed, ale proto\u017ee se c\u00edt\u00ed nejist\u00ed. Tuto formu autocenzury je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159it. M\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak kulturu diskurzu.<\/p>\n<h3>Tenk\u00e1 hranice mezi ochranou a kontrolou<\/h3>\n<p>Nikdo nezpochyb\u0148uje, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed prostory s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed v\u00fdzvy. Existuj\u00ed dezinforma\u010dn\u00ed kampan\u011b, koordinovan\u00e1 manipulace, c\u00edlen\u00e9 nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy. Ot\u00e1zkou v\u0161ak je, zda by se na ka\u017edou z t\u011bchto v\u00fdzev m\u011blo reagovat st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1sahov\u00fdmi pravomocemi.<\/p>\n<p>Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenita m\u016f\u017ee znamenat stanoven\u00ed vlastn\u00edch pravidel a ochranu evropsk\u00fdch hodnot. M\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 v\u00e9st k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed segmentaci informa\u010dn\u00edho prostoru. Pokud je obsah p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd v jedn\u00e9 jurisdikci a v jin\u00e9 ne, vznik\u00e1 paraleln\u00ed realita.<\/p>\n<p>Pl\u00e1novan\u00fd americk\u00fd port\u00e1l je v t\u00e9to souvislosti zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm prub\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdm kamenem. Pokud by skute\u010dn\u011b znovu zviditelnil obsah, kter\u00fd je v Evrop\u011b blokov\u00e1n, uk\u00e1zalo by to vlastn\u011b, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed hranice lze technicky pom\u011brn\u011b snadno obej\u00edt. Regulace tak ztr\u00e1c\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 vymahatelnosti - ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 symbolickou poeti\u010dnost. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 obch\u00e1zen\u00ed je toti\u017e vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako politick\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Spole\u010dnosti mezi p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00edm a odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Pro spole\u010dnosti - zejm\u00e9na pro provozovatele platforem - to vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed slo\u017eitou situaci. Ocitaj\u00ed se mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my, r\u016fzn\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edmi a r\u016fznou kulturn\u00ed citlivost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed poskytovatel mus\u00ed v Evrop\u011b uplat\u0148ovat jin\u00e9 standardy ne\u017e ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech nebo v Asii. Tato rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnost digit\u00e1ln\u00edho prostoru vede ke zm\u011bti sm\u011brnic. To je technicky provediteln\u00e9, ale strategicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 roste o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee spole\u010dnosti p\u0159evezmou spole\u010denskou odpov\u011bdnost. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se od nich, \u017ee budou moderovat, hodnotit a kategorizovat. P\u0159itom p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve v kompetenci medi\u00e1ln\u00edch organizac\u00ed nebo soud\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zkou je, zda jsou subjekty soukrom\u00e9ho sektoru vhodn\u00e9 jako normotvorn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu - zejm\u00e9na pokud jsou pod regula\u010dn\u00edm tlakem.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fv\u011bra jako rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed faktor<\/h3>\n<p>Nakonec hodn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e. D\u016fv\u011bra v instituce, d\u016fv\u011bra v soudy, d\u016fv\u011bra ve schopnost ob\u010dan\u016f rozhodovat. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenita m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e1 pouze tehdy, pokud nen\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako paternalistick\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Otev\u0159en\u00e1 spole\u010dnost se vyzna\u010duje t\u00edm, \u017ee d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje sv\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm p\u0159i vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed. Spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, odbornost m\u00e9di\u00ed a transparentn\u00ed diskuse. Pokud naopak vznikne dojem, \u017ee informace mus\u00ed b\u00fdt preventivn\u011b filtrov\u00e1ny, proto\u017ee ob\u010dan\u00e9 nejsou schopni je kategorizovat, m\u011bn\u00ed se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vysp\u011blosti.<\/p>\n<p>Evropa stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed strategick\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm. Chce b\u00fdt digit\u00e1ln\u00edm prostorem, kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed ochranu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kontroly? Nebo prostorem, kter\u00fd up\u0159ednost\u0148uje odolnost prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm otev\u0159enosti?<\/p>\n<p>Tato ot\u00e1zka nen\u00ed ideologick\u00e1, ale z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenita je legitimn\u00edm c\u00edlem. Nesm\u00ed se v\u0161ak nepozorovan\u011b zm\u011bnit v digit\u00e1ln\u00ed izolaci. Nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed roky uk\u00e1\u017eou, jak Evropa tuto rovnov\u00e1hu najde.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5111\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatexpeech-US-Portal-Cloud-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"EU-Hatexpeech-US-Portal-Cloud\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatexpeech-US-Portal-Cloud-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatexpeech-US-Portal-Cloud-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatexpeech-US-Portal-Cloud-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatexpeech-US-Portal-Cloud-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatexpeech-US-Portal-Cloud.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Pohled ob\u010dan\u016f - mezi p\u0159\u00edslibem ochrany a pocitem kontroly<\/h2>\n<p>V parlamentech se p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed z\u00e1kony, \u00fa\u0159ady formuluj\u00ed sm\u011brnice a na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni se p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed strategie. V\u0161echny tyto p\u0159edpisy se v\u0161ak nakonec t\u00fdkaj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osoby: ob\u010dana.<\/p>\n<p>Z hlediska st\u00e1tu jde o ochranu - ochranu p\u0159ed dezinformacemi, manipulac\u00ed, c\u00edlenou agitac\u00ed. Tento c\u00edl je pochopiteln\u00fd. M\u00e1lokdo si p\u0159eje digit\u00e1ln\u00ed prostor ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd agres\u00ed, c\u00edlenou dezinformac\u00ed nebo extremistick\u00fdmi kampan\u011bmi.<\/p>\n<p>Vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f se v\u0161ak ne v\u017edy shoduje s politick\u00fdmi z\u00e1m\u011bry. Tam, kde vl\u00e1dy zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed ochranu, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 vn\u00edmaj\u00ed kontrolu. Tam, kde je regulace prohl\u00e1\u0161ena za nezbytnou, maj\u00ed jin\u00ed pocit, \u017ee je jim up\u00edr\u00e1na mo\u017enost rozhodovat. Tento rozpor je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u016fv\u011bra jako k\u0159ehk\u00fd zdroj<\/h3>\n<p>Demokratick\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm se da\u0159\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b d\u016fv\u011bry. D\u016fv\u011bra, \u017ee instituce budou jednat ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu. D\u016fv\u011bra, \u017ee pravidla budou uplat\u0148ov\u00e1na spravedliv\u011b a transparentn\u011b. A p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u016fv\u011bra v to, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed st\u00e1t pova\u017euje sv\u00e9 ob\u010dany za odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 subjekty.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak obsah zmiz\u00ed, ani\u017e by bylo jasn\u00e9 pro\u010d, kdy\u017e jsou \u00fa\u010dty zablokov\u00e1ny bez jasn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu, kdy\u017e jsou debaty n\u00e1hle ozna\u010deny za problematick\u00e9, a\u010dkoli p\u0159edt\u00edm byly b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, vznik\u00e1 podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Toto podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b v\u00e9st k radikalizaci. \u010casto se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku projevuje jako m\u00edrn\u00fd neklid. Jako ot\u00e1zka: <em>\u201ePro\u010d u\u017e to nesm\u00edm \u0159\u00edkat?\u201c<\/em> Nebo: <em>\u201eKdo o tom vlastn\u011b rozhoduje?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Takov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky nejsou projevem extremismu, ale pot\u0159ebou jasnosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Protism\u011brn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek z\u00e1kaz\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed aspekt byl dob\u0159e psychologicky prozkoum\u00e1n: z\u00e1kazy mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it pozornost. Obsah, kter\u00fd je zablokov\u00e1n nebo ozna\u010den za nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, se pr\u00e1v\u011b proto st\u00e1v\u00e1 pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 lidi atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Zvy\u0161uje se zv\u011bdavost. Hledaj\u00ed se alternativn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly. Rychle se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed technick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud by americk\u00fd port\u00e1l v budoucnu skute\u010dn\u011b zp\u0159\u00edstupnil obsah, kter\u00fd je v Evrop\u011b omezen, nebude to jen z politick\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu. Mnoho lid\u00ed se prost\u011b bude cht\u00edt dozv\u011bd\u011bt, co je jim \u00fadajn\u011b zatajov\u00e1no.<\/p>\n<p>Vznikaj\u00ed tak paraleln\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry. Lid\u00e9 se pohybuj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch prostorech, kter\u00e9 si navz\u00e1jem ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed. P\u016fvodn\u00ed c\u00edl - pos\u00edlit soci\u00e1ln\u00ed soudr\u017enost - se m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit v prav\u00fd opak.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum d\u016fv\u011bry v politiku a m\u00e9dia<\/h3>\n<div class='bootstrap-yop yop-poll-mc'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"basic-yop-poll-container\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff; border:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:0px 5px;\" data-id=\"1\" data-temp=\"basic-pretty\" data-skin=\"square\" data-cscheme=\"blue\" data-cap=\"0\" data-access=\"guest\" data-tid=\"\" data-uid=\"5e0cda057b420c9a463694e37d1432ac\" data-pid=\"4062\" data-resdet=\"votes-number,percentages\" data-show-results-to=\"guest\" data-show-results-moment=\"after-vote\" data-show-results-only=\"false\" data-show-message=\"true\" data-show-results-as=\"bar\" data-sort-results-by=\"as-defined\" data-sort-results-rule=\"asc\"data-is-ended=\"0\" data-percentages-decimals=\"2\" data-gdpr=\"no\" data-gdpr-sol=\"consent\" data-css=\"\" data-counter=\"0\" data-load-with=\"1\" data-notification-section=\"top\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"basic-inner\"><div class=\"basic-message hide\" style=\"border-left: 10px solid #008000; padding: 0px 10px;\" data-error=\"#ff0000\" data-success=\"#008000\"><p class=\"basic-message-text\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"basic-overlay hide\"><div class=\"basic-vote-options\"><\/div><div class=\"basic-preloader\"><div class=\"basic-windows8\"><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_1\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_2\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_3\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_4\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_5\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><form class=\"basic-form\" action=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"656b9159dc\" autocomplete=\"off\"><div class=\"basic-elements\"><div class=\"basic-element basic-question basic-question-text-vertical\" data-id=\"1\" data-uid=\"6582d537deb172329cf2950e756233de\" data-type=\"question\" data-question-type=\"text\" data-required=\"yes\" data-allow-multiple=\"no\" data-min=\"1\" data-max=\"1\" data-display=\"vertical\" data-colnum=\"\" data-display-others=\"no\" data-others-color=\"\" data-others=\"\" data-others-max-chars=\"0\"><div class=\"basic-question-title\"><h5 style=\"color:#000000; font-size:16px; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;\">Jakou d\u016fv\u011bru m\u00e1te v politiku a m\u00e9dia v N\u011bmecku?<\/h5><\/div><ul class=\"basic-answers\"><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"1\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"10\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[1]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[1]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"1\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Velmi vysok\u00e1 - pln\u011b d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uji ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"2\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"22\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[2]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[2]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"2\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">St\u0159edn\u00ed - Jsem opatrn\u00fd, ale ne z\u00e1sadn\u011b podez\u0159\u00edvav\u00fd.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"3\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"53\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[3]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[3]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"3\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">N\u00edzk\u00e1 - mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed si kontroluji s\u00e1m<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"4\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"248\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[4]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[4]\" name=\"answer[1]\" value=\"4\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed - domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 je zast\u0159en\u00e9 nebo zinscenovan\u00e9.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-vote\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"button basic-vote-button\" role=\"button\" style=\"background:#027bb8; border:0px; border-style: solid; border-color:#1636f0; border-radius:5px; padding:10px 10px; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\">Hlasujte na<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"cs\"\/><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Zralost jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edpoklad<\/h3>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka tedy zn\u00ed: Jak\u00fd obraz lidskosti se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za regulac\u00ed? P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee ob\u010dan\u00e9 jsou v z\u00e1sad\u011b schopni kriticky zkoumat informace? Nebo se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee je t\u0159eba je p\u0159ed ur\u010dit\u00fdm obsahem chr\u00e1nit, proto\u017ee jinak budou uvedeni v omyl?<\/p>\n<p>Demokratick\u00e9 tradice v Evrop\u011b jsou zalo\u017eeny na ide\u00e1lu dosp\u011blosti. Osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed neznamenalo jen n\u00e1r\u016fst v\u011bdomost\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 osobn\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnosti. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 by m\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edvat sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed intelekt.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud bude tento ide\u00e1l postupn\u011b nahrazen paternalisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm modelem, zm\u011bn\u00ed se vztah mezi st\u00e1tem a spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Ne n\u00e1hle, ale postupn\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Tich\u00e1 adaptace v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>Tento v\u00fdvoj se v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u010dasto projevuje nen\u00e1padn\u011b. Lid\u00e9 jsou opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Dvakr\u00e1t si rozmysl\u00ed, ne\u017e n\u011bjak\u00fd koment\u00e1\u0159 zve\u0159ejn\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se z ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch diskus\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b st\u00e1hnou. Ne z nez\u00e1jmu, ale proto, \u017ee jsou unaveni mo\u017en\u00fdmi nedorozum\u011bn\u00edmi nebo sankcemi.<\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00ed reaguj\u00ed vzdorovit\u011b. C\u00edlen\u011b vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed platformy, kter\u00e9 jsou co nejm\u00e9n\u011b moderovan\u00e9, nebo se p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed ke skupin\u00e1m, v nich\u017e neo\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. T\u00edm se m\u011bn\u00ed i diskurzn\u00ed krajina. Ob\u011b reakce - sta\u017een\u00ed i protipohyb - jsou v\u00fdrazem napjat\u00e9ho vztahu.<\/p>\n<h3>Dlouhodob\u00e1 perspektiva<\/h3>\n<p>Z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska nen\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pouze pr\u00e1vn\u00ed forma z\u00e1kon\u016f, ale i jejich p\u0159ijet\u00ed obyvatelstvem. Pravidla, kter\u00e1 jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako spravedliv\u00e1 a srozumiteln\u00e1, stabilizuj\u00ed spole\u010dnost. Pravidla, kter\u00e1 jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako sv\u00e9voln\u00e1 nebo p\u0159ita\u017een\u00e1 za vlasy, podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru.<\/p>\n<p>Pro Evropu to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed regulace mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nejen \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, ale tak\u00e9 transparentn\u00ed a p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopna vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d jsou stanoveny ur\u010dit\u00e9 hranice - a pro\u010d jin\u00e9 ne.<\/p>\n<p>Pohled ob\u010dan\u016f nen\u00ed druho\u0159ad\u00fd. Je to m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko. V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku nejde o technick\u00e9 platformy nebo geopolitick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, ale o vztah mezi svobodou a bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotlivce. A tento vztah je citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se \u010dasto v politick\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch zd\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Posunut\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f nam\u00edsto jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f? Byrokratick\u00e1 logika a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o drobn\u00fdch n\u00e1roc\u00edch z pohledu teorie her<\/h3>\n<p>Pro\u010d p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a domovn\u00edch prohl\u00eddek kv\u016fli relativn\u011b drobn\u00fdm v\u00fdrok\u016fm? Ve sv\u00e9m aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku o teorii her <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ProfRieck\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Prof. Dr. Christian Rieck<\/a> Tento jev nen\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed. V tradici Maxe Webera a Roberta Mertona popisuje \u201eposun c\u00edl\u016f\u201c v organizac\u00edch: P\u016fvodn\u00ed \u00fakoly ustupuj\u00ed do pozad\u00ed, zat\u00edmco c\u00edlem se st\u00e1v\u00e1 samotn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e1 \u010dinnost.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_gTn9pJF5WCs\"><div id=\"lyte_gTn9pJF5WCs\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FgTn9pJF5WCs%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/gTn9pJF5WCs\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FgTn9pJF5WCs%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nTelevize fal\u0161uje sn\u00edmky, policie st\u00edh\u00e1 drobn\u00e9 p\u0159estupky - co se za t\u00edm v\u0161\u00edm skr\u00fdv\u00e1?<\/p>\n<p>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s dopingem v cyklistice slou\u017e\u00ed jako analytick\u00e1 metafora. Rieck tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee to umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby dynamika za\u010dala \u017e\u00edt vlastn\u00edm \u017eivotem, kter\u00fd se zven\u010d\u00ed jev\u00ed jako p\u0159ehnan\u00e1 reakce - ale uvnit\u0159 se jev\u00ed jako racion\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Mo\u017en\u00e9 budouc\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji regula\u010dn\u00ed dynamiky a geopolitick\u00fdch iniciativ stoj\u00ed za to p\u0159ehr\u00e1t si n\u011bkter\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 budoucnosti. Ne jako progn\u00f3zu, ale jako ment\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroj. V\u00fdvoj je m\u00e1lokdy line\u00e1rn\u00ed. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e v\u0161ak pom\u00e1haj\u00ed vizualizovat oblasti nap\u011bt\u00ed. V z\u00e1sad\u011b existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i realistick\u00e9 sm\u011bry.<\/p>\n<h3>Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 1: Dal\u0161\u00ed zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed regulace<\/h3>\n<p>V tomto sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i Evropa pokra\u010duje ve zvolen\u00e9m kurzu. Pojem \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy\u201c bude d\u00e1le up\u0159esn\u011bn - a mo\u017en\u00e1 i roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en. Platformy dostanou jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pokyny. Sankce za trestn\u00e9 \u010diny budou uplat\u0148ov\u00e1ny d\u016fsledn\u011bji. Mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Platformy jsou je\u0161t\u011b opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Obsah s potenci\u00e1lem politick\u00e9ho nebo soci\u00e1ln\u00edho konfliktu je odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n rychleji.<\/li>\n<li>Soudn\u00edch spor\u016f p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Rozd\u00edly mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty v r\u00e1mci EU jsou st\u00e1le v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 by Evropa mohla b\u00fdt na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako pr\u016fkopn\u00edk vysoce regulovan\u00e9ho digit\u00e1ln\u00edho prostoru. Zast\u00e1nci t\u00e9to my\u0161lenky tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee by to pos\u00edlilo soci\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u00edr. Kritici by naopak hovo\u0159ili o nadm\u011brn\u00e9 regulaci. Transatlantick\u00e9 vztahy by se v tomto bod\u011b mohly d\u00e1le rozch\u00e1zet.<\/p>\n<h3>Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 2: Leg\u00e1ln\u00ed protipohyb<\/h3>\n<p>Jin\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm soudn\u00edm vyjasn\u011bn\u00edm. Jednotliv\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed jsou napad\u00e1na u vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch soud\u016f nebo u Evropsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho dvora. Nejasn\u00e9 definice jsou konkretizov\u00e1ny nebo omezeny. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by nastala f\u00e1ze pr\u00e1vn\u00edho dola\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e9 dopady:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vymezen\u00ed trestn\u00e9 agitace a p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru.<\/li>\n<li>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed transparentnost p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o platform\u011b.<\/li>\n<li>Pos\u00edlen\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed kontroly spr\u00e1vn\u00edho v\u00fdkladu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tento sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 by debatu objektivizoval. Byl by zn\u00e1mkou toho, \u017ee syst\u00e9m je schopen s\u00e1m sebe korigovat. Takov\u00e9 procesy v\u0161ak trvaj\u00ed roky a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed trp\u011blivost - jak politickou, tak spole\u010denskou.<\/p>\n<h3>Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 3: Korekce politick\u00e9ho kurzu<\/h3>\n<p>Regulace nen\u00ed statick\u00fd \u00fatvar. Politick\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny se mohou m\u011bnit. Mohou se objevit nov\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 priority. V tomto sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i politici poznaj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed jdou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko nebo p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e1 korekce kurzu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mechanismy ochrany svobody projevu.<\/li>\n<li>Zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed neur\u010dit\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch pojm\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na medi\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnost nam\u00edsto kontroly obsahu.<\/li>\n<li>Form\u00e1ty dialogu mezi politikou, platformami a ob\u010danskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1sadou je: M\u00edsto omezov\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba se \u0159\u00eddit z\u00e1sadou odolnosti. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 by m\u011bli m\u00edt mo\u017enost kategorizovat informace, m\u00edsto aby je p\u0159edem filtrovali. Takov\u00e1 cesta by zd\u016fraznila sebeobraz Evropy jako prostoru svobody.<\/p>\n<h3>Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 4: Paraleln\u00ed sv\u011bty v informa\u010dn\u00edm prostoru<\/h3>\n<p>Nejrealisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159em asi nen\u00ed jasn\u00fd rozchod, ale rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnost. R\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed oblasti se nad\u00e1le rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed. Technick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed se normalizuj\u00ed. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 se pohybuj\u00ed mezi ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmi platformami a alternativn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdmi body. V t\u00e9to konstelaci by se mohl objevit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed, vysoce moderovan\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti.<\/li>\n<li>Alternativn\u00ed port\u00e1ly nebo technick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro obch\u00e1zen\u00ed blokov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Rostouc\u00ed skepse v\u016f\u010di zaveden\u00fdm m\u00e9di\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li>Rostouc\u00ed polarizace mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi informa\u010dn\u00edmi komunitami.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by americk\u00fd port\u00e1l, kter\u00fd obch\u00e1z\u00ed evropsk\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, byl pouze jedn\u00edm z prvk\u016f \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho trendu. Kontrola by form\u00e1ln\u011b z\u016fstala zachov\u00e1na, ale v praxi by byla oslabena.<\/p>\n<p>Riziko nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ani tak v individu\u00e1ln\u00edm obsahu, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e v dlouhodob\u00e9 erozi sd\u00edlen\u00e9ho diskurzu. Pokud ob\u010dan\u00e9 ji\u017e nesd\u00edlej\u00ed stejn\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed prostor, komunikace se st\u00e1v\u00e1 obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u00e1t\u00fd, tich\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159<\/h3>\n<p>Krom\u011b t\u011bchto \u010dty\u0159 jasn\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f existuje je\u0161t\u011b jeden, m\u00e9n\u011b dramatick\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159: postupn\u00e9 seznamov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 se p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed. Platformy stabilizuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 moder\u00e1torsk\u00e9 postupy. Politick\u00e9 debaty se uklid\u0148uj\u00ed. Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed kontroverze ztr\u00e1c\u00ed na ostrosti.<\/p>\n<p>V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by se regulace stala sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota - nebyla by ani siln\u011b zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1na, ani nad\u0161en\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na. Mnoz\u00ed by se s t\u00edm sm\u00ed\u0159ili.<br \/>\nToto sezn\u00e1men\u00ed by v\u0161ak m\u011blo svou cenu. Proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e1 zm\u011bna v r\u00e1mci diskurzu charakterizuje politickou kulturu.<\/p>\n<h3>Otev\u0159en\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka<\/h3>\n<p>Kter\u00fd z t\u011bchto sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f nastane, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mnoha faktorech: politick\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed, technologick\u00fdch inovac\u00edch a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b na chov\u00e1n\u00ed samotn\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Jist\u00e9 je jen jedno: debata o nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projevech, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenit\u011b a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch informa\u010dn\u00edch port\u00e1lech nen\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdm jevem. Dot\u00fdk\u00e1 se z\u00e1sadn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek demokratick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p>\n<p>V nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech se uk\u00e1\u017ee, zda Evropa dok\u00e1\u017ee naj\u00edt zp\u016fsob, jak vyv\u00e1\u017eit svobodu a ochranu tak, aby oboj\u00ed z\u016fstalo d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9.<br \/>\nProto\u017ee o budoucnosti diskurzu nakonec nerozhoduje existence port\u00e1lu nebo z\u00e1kona, ale d\u016fv\u011bra ve vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1sady.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5112\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Europa-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Svoboda jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed evropsk\u00e1 my\u0161lenka\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Europa-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Europa-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Europa-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Europa-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-Europa.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Svoboda jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed evropsk\u00e1 my\u0161lenka - pohled zp\u011bt do budoucnosti<\/h2>\n<p>Ne\u017e za\u010dnete navrhovat nov\u00e1 pravidla, je dobr\u00e9 se na chv\u00edli zastavit a p\u0159ipomenout si, odkud poch\u00e1z\u00edte. Evropa nevznikla jako spr\u00e1vn\u00ed oblast, ale jako intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed projekt. Osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed, kultura diskuse, boj o pravdu a omyl - to v\u0161e formovalo tento kontinent.<\/p>\n<p>Nikdy ne\u0161lo o to, \u017ee by lid\u00e9 m\u011bli b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bni p\u0159ed protich\u016fdn\u00fdmi my\u0161lenkami. \u0160lo o to, aby se s nimi nau\u010dili zach\u00e1zet. Aby se argumenty zkoumaly v otev\u0159en\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b n\u00e1zor\u016f. \u017de chyby se napravuj\u00ed proti\u0159e\u010den\u00edm - nikoliv p\u0159edfiltrov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Tato tradice nebyla v\u017edy pohodln\u00e1. Byla pln\u00e1 konflikt\u016f, \u010dasto bolestn\u00e1, n\u011bkdy chaotick\u00e1. Ale byla produktivn\u00ed. Vytvo\u0159ila v\u011bdu, um\u011bn\u00ed, politick\u00e9 reformy a nakonec demokratick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, na kter\u00fd je dnes Evropa hrd\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Svoboda nikdy nebyla bez rizika<\/h3>\n<p>Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed poctivosti je uznat, \u017ee svoboda skr\u00fdv\u00e1 rizika. Otev\u0159en\u00e1 spole\u010dnost tak\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed prostor pro extr\u00e9mn\u00ed n\u00e1zory, nesmysly a provokace. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jejich s\u00edla: v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina ob\u010dan\u016f je schopna \u00fasudku.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud Evropa nyn\u00ed siln\u011bji reguluje, moderuje a zasahuje, d\u011bje se tak \u010dasto s c\u00edlem zajistit stabilitu. Stabilitu v\u0161ak nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pouze kontrola. Vznik\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b d\u016fv\u011bry - d\u016fv\u011bry v instituce a d\u016fv\u011bry v schopnost \u00fasudku lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Svoboda v Evrop\u011b nikdy nebyla luxusem. Byla z\u00e1kladem politick\u00e9 vysp\u011blosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Rozd\u00edl mezi silou a strachem<\/h3>\n<p>Sebev\u011bdom\u00e1 demokracie dok\u00e1\u017ee \u010delit rozpor\u016fm. Proti problematick\u00fdm argument\u016fm stav\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed argumenty. Up\u0159ednost\u0148uje vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, transparentnost a ve\u0159ejnou diskusi.<\/p>\n<p>Nejist\u00e1 demokracie m\u00e1 naopak tendenci zu\u017eovat prostor pro diskusi jako preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Ne ze zl\u00e9ho \u00famyslu, ale z obavy. Obava se v\u0161ak nesm\u00ed st\u00e1t dominantn\u00edm principem.<\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 debata o nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projevech, regulaci platforem a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch informa\u010dn\u00edch port\u00e1lech je nakonec v\u00fdrazem tohoto nap\u011bt\u00ed:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Jak moc otev\u0159en\u00ed si je\u0161t\u011b trouf\u00e1me b\u00fdt? <\/em><br \/>\n<em>A jakou regulaci pova\u017eujeme za nezbytnou?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Tyto ot\u00e1zky jsou opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9. M\u011bly by v\u0161ak b\u00fdt zodpov\u011bzeny s v\u011bdom\u00edm vlastn\u00ed tradice.<\/p>\n<h3>Evropa a obraz ob\u010dana<\/h3>\n<p>V centru je obraz \u010dlov\u011bka. Evropsk\u00e1 my\u0161lenka byla v\u017edy zalo\u017eena na p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee ob\u010dan\u00e9 jsou odpov\u011bdn\u00ed. \u017de mohou kontrolovat, zva\u017eovat a nesouhlasit. \u017de necht\u011bj\u00ed b\u00fdt trvale kontrolov\u00e1ni, ale naopak br\u00e1ni v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Pokud se tento obraz zm\u011bn\u00ed - pokud ochrana st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159eva\u017euje nad osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed - rovnov\u00e1ha mezi st\u00e1tem a spole\u010dnost\u00ed se m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161echny regulace jsou \u0161patn\u00e9. Znamen\u00e1 to pouze, \u017ee je t\u0159eba ji um\u00edrnit a zp\u0159ehlednit. \u010c\u00edm jsou pojmy v\u00e1gn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je nejistota. A nejistota podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fv\u011bru.<\/p>\n<h3>St\u0159\u00edzliv\u00fd pohled<\/h3>\n<p>Debata o potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm port\u00e1lu USA m\u00e1 symbolickou funkci. Ukazuje, jak je evropsk\u00e1 regulace vn\u00edm\u00e1na zven\u010d\u00ed. Vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esahuj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161ak nen\u00ed d\u016fvod k panice. Evropa je st\u00e1le oblast\u00ed s nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi soudy, pluralitn\u00edmi m\u00e9dii a \u017eiv\u00fdmi diskusemi. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed kameny jsou na sv\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Skute\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fakolem je nepodkop\u00e1vat tyto pil\u00ed\u0159e z opatrnosti. Regulace se nesm\u00ed st\u00e1t zvykem, pokud nen\u00ed neust\u00e1le kontrolov\u00e1na. Svoboda nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za samoz\u0159ejmost, pokud je postupn\u011b nov\u011b definov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n<h3>Zp\u011bt na koberec<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 je \u010das vr\u00e1tit tuto ot\u00e1zku \u201ena koberec\u201c, jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Ne ka\u017ed\u00e9 zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed je sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159em zk\u00e1zy. Ne ka\u017ed\u00e1 kritika regulace je \u00fatokem na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 sm\u011bna si v\u0161ak zaslou\u017e\u00ed pozornost.<\/p>\n<p>Evropa se po stalet\u00ed vyzna\u010dovala t\u00edm, \u017ee konflikty sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u011bstovala, ne\u017e aby se jich ob\u00e1vala. Konflikty ne\u0159e\u0161ila ml\u010den\u00edm, ale h\u00e1dkami.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud si budeme v\u011bdomi tohoto p\u016fvodu, m\u016f\u017eeme tak\u00e9 klidn\u011bji vn\u00edmat sou\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Svoboda nen\u00ed rigidn\u00ed koncept, ale neust\u00e1l\u00fd proces vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento proces by v\u0161ak m\u011bl b\u00fdt v\u017edy zalo\u017een na jedn\u00e9 z\u00e1sad\u011b: d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e ve vlastn\u00ed spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<p>O budoucnosti Evropy nakonec nerozhodne z\u00e1kon nebo port\u00e1l, ale postoj, s jak\u00fdm vedeme debaty.<br \/>\nA tento postoj byl evropsk\u00fd v tom nejlep\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu: otev\u0159en\u00fd, sebev\u011bdom\u00fd a rozumn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>Vlastn\u00ed platforma nam\u00edsto ciz\u00edch pravidel: Pro\u010d m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed \u010dasopis z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/vas-mezinarodni-casopis\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3823 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/magazin-gastbeitraege-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\u010casopis jako majetek\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/magazin-gastbeitraege-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/magazin-gastbeitraege-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/magazin-gastbeitraege-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/magazin-gastbeitraege-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/magazin-gastbeitraege.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Diskuse o svobod\u011b projevu a regulaci ukazuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jednu v\u011bc: kdo se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 v\u00fdhradn\u011b na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed platformy, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se nevyhnuteln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fdm. Obsah m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt omezen, dosah omezen nebo cel\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty zm\u011bn\u011bny - \u010dasto bez jak\u00e9hokoli re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho vlivu. Klasick\u00e1 alternativa k tomu je star\u00e1 jako publikov\u00e1n\u00ed samo: m\u00edt vlastn\u00ed m\u00e9dium, kter\u00e9 je zcela pod vlastn\u00ed kontrolou. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se nab\u00edz\u00ed koncept, jako je nap\u0159. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/vas-mezinarodni-casopis\/\"><strong>\u201eV\u00e1\u0161 vlastn\u00ed \u010dasopis\u201c<\/strong><\/a> na. Nam\u00edsto pouh\u00e9 distribuce obsahu je vytvo\u0159ena samostatn\u00e1 platforma, na kter\u00e9 lze t\u00e9mata dlouhodob\u011b rozv\u00edjet, strukturovat a samostatn\u011b publikovat. Odpov\u011bdnost pak le\u017e\u00ed tam, kam pat\u0159\u00ed - na samotn\u00e9m vydavateli. To p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nejen p\u0159ehlednost, ale tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00fd klid p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s citliv\u00fdmi t\u00e9maty. Ti, kdo publikuj\u00ed sv\u016fj obsah ve vlastn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, maj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebu p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se pravidl\u016fm a mohou sledovat jednotnou linii - objektivn\u011b, strukturovan\u011b a bez vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho tlaku.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje k t\u00e9matu<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2022\/2065\/oj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2022\/2065)<\/a><\/strong>Z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch tvo\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1klad EU pro odpov\u011bdnost platforem, moderov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu a povinnosti transparentnosti. Definuje povinnosti n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de pro velk\u00e9 online platformy a je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro sou\u010dasnou debatu o digit\u00e1ln\u00ed regulaci a svobod\u011b projevu.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/artificialintelligenceact.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Akt EU o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci - p\u0159ehled<\/a><\/strong>Akt o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci je evropsk\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o regulaci um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. Obsahuje tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy o posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik algoritmick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv na rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o moderov\u00e1n\u00ed a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed diskurzn\u00ed prostor.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.echr.coe.int\/documents\/d\/echr\/convention_deu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evropsk\u00e1 \u00famluva o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech - \u010dl\u00e1nek 10<\/a><\/strong>\u010cl\u00e1nek 10 zaru\u010duje svobodu projevu v Evrop\u011b, ale za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek umo\u017e\u0148uje omezen\u00ed. Tvo\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro v\u0161echny evropsk\u00e9 debaty o nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projevech a jejich regulaci.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de\/SiteGlobals\/Forms\/Suche\/Expertensuche\/Servicesuche_Formular.html?nn=68080&amp;resourceId=70892&amp;input_=70784&amp;pageLocale=de&amp;templateQueryString=Meinungsfreiheit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spolkov\u00fd \u00fastavn\u00ed soud - Svoboda projevu<\/a><\/strong>Spolkov\u00fd \u00fastavn\u00ed soud v mnoha sv\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00edch zd\u016fraznil v\u00fdznam svobody n\u00e1zor\u016f jako \u201ekonstitutivn\u00edho prvku demokracie\u201c. Tato judikatura m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro pochopen\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed situace.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/firstamendment.mtsu.edu\/article\/first-amendment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prvn\u00ed dodatek - \u00dastava USA<\/a><\/strong>: Prvn\u00ed dodatek americk\u00e9 \u00fastavy chr\u00e1n\u00ed svobodu projevu obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b rozs\u00e1hle. M\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro pochopen\u00ed transatlantick\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed kontroverzn\u00edch v\u00fdrok\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.securityconference.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mnichovsk\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed konference - ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/a><\/strong>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed konference je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm f\u00f3rem pro debaty o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde J. D. Vance p\u0159ednesl sv\u016fj hojn\u011b diskutovan\u00fd projev o svobod\u011b projevu v Evrop\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2084686\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robert K. Merton - Byrokratick\u00e1 struktura a osobnost (1940)<\/a><\/strong>V t\u00e9to klasick\u00e9 eseji Merton popisuje \u201eposun c\u00edl\u016f\u201c v byrokratick\u00fdch organizac\u00edch. Teorie vysv\u011btluje, jak m\u016f\u017ee institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed logika za\u010d\u00edt \u017e\u00edt vlastn\u00edm \u017eivotem.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R\u00e1dio Svobodn\u00e1 Evropa \/ R\u00e1dio Svoboda<\/a><\/strong>Historick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad americk\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed politiky b\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Stanice byla zalo\u017eena s c\u00edlem zp\u0159\u00edstupnit ob\u010dan\u016fm alternativn\u00ed perspektivy v regulovan\u00e9m informa\u010dn\u00edm prostoru.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 f\u00f3rum - Diskuse o svobod\u011b projevu<\/a><\/strong>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed perspektivy regulace, odpov\u011bdnosti platforem a digit\u00e1ln\u00edho diskurzu. Tyto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky ukazuj\u00ed, jak se o nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi ochranou a svobodou diskutuje na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-756 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-small-grid-column: 33.33%;--dpt-large-grid-column: 33.3333333333%;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 10px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-756 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o z\u00e1konech EU<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-756\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-grid1 multi-col dpt-mason-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"digitales geld verstehen: bitcoin, stablecoins und cbdcs einfach erkl\u00e4rt\" data-id=\"4211\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"datenschutz digitales eigentum eu-gesetze europa geopolitik spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/porozumeni-digitalnim-penezum-bitcoin-stablecoins-a-cbdcs-vysvetleno-jednoduse\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Porozum\u011bn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edm pen\u011bz\u016fm: Bitcoin, stablecoiny a CBDC vysv\u011btleny jednodu\u0161e<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"CBDC, kryptom\u011bny a stablecoiny\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cbcd-kryptos-coins-tokens.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cbcd-kryptos-coins-tokens.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cbcd-kryptos-coins-tokens-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cbcd-kryptos-coins-tokens-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cbcd-kryptos-coins-tokens-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cbcd-kryptos-coins-tokens-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/porozumeni-digitalnim-penezum-bitcoin-stablecoins-a-cbdcs-vysvetleno-jednoduse\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Porozum\u011bn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edm pen\u011bz\u016fm: Bitcoin, stablecoiny a CBDC vysv\u011btleny jednodu\u0161e<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"die digitale id der eu: verkn\u00fcpfung, kontrolle und risiken im alltag\" data-id=\"3486\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft tipps &amp; anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"datenschutz eu-gesetze europa prozesse ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/digitalni-identita-eu-propojuje-kontrolu-a-riziko-v-kazdodennim-zivote\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ID EU: propojen\u00ed, kontrola a rizika v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ID EU\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-ID-der-EU-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/digitalni-identita-eu-propojuje-kontrolu-a-riziko-v-kazdodennim-zivote\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ID EU: propojen\u00ed, kontrola a rizika v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"regelbasierte weltordnung und v\u00f6lkerrecht: zwischen anspruch, realit\u00e4t und rechtsbruch\" data-id=\"4275\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/svetovy-rad-zalozeny-na-pravidlech-a-mezinarodni-pravo-mezi-realitou-a-porusovanim-prava\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd na pravidlech a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo: mezi tvrzen\u00edm, skute\u010dnost\u00ed a poru\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00e1va<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a sv\u011btov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd na pravidlech\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/voelkerrecht-weltordnung-titel.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/voelkerrecht-weltordnung-titel.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/voelkerrecht-weltordnung-titel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/voelkerrecht-weltordnung-titel-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/voelkerrecht-weltordnung-titel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/voelkerrecht-weltordnung-titel-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/svetovy-rad-zalozeny-na-pravidlech-a-mezinarodni-pravo-mezi-realitou-a-porusovanim-prava\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd na pravidlech a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo: mezi tvrzen\u00edm, skute\u010dnost\u00ed a poru\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"jeffrey sachs warnt deutschland: warum europas sicherheit neu gedacht werden muss\" data-id=\"4079\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland energiepolitik eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit portrait sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/jeffrey-sachs-varuje-nemecko-proc-je-treba-prehodnotit-bezpecnost-evropy\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Jeffrey Sachs varuje N\u011bmecko: Pro\u010d je t\u0159eba p\u0159ehodnotit bezpe\u010dnost Evropy<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Jeffrey Sachs p\u00ed\u0161e otev\u0159en\u00fd dopis kancl\u00e9\u0159i Merzovi\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/jeffrey-sachs-varuje-nemecko-proc-je-treba-prehodnotit-bezpecnost-evropy\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Jeffrey Sachs varuje N\u011bmecko: Pro\u010d je t\u0159eba p\u0159ehodnotit bezpe\u010dnost Evropy<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"europa zwischen meinungsfreiheit und regulierung: neues us-infoportal wirft fragen auf\" data-id=\"5102\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle deutschland eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/03\/evropa-mezi-svobodou-projevu-a-regulaci-novy-informacni-portal-usa-vyvolava-otazky\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Evropa mezi svobodou projevu a regulac\u00ed: Nov\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed port\u00e1l USA vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Cenzura EU, nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy a nov\u00fd port\u00e1l USA\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/EU-Hatespeech-US-Portal-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/03\/evropa-mezi-svobodou-projevu-a-regulaci-novy-informacni-portal-usa-vyvolava-otazky\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Evropa mezi svobodou projevu a regulac\u00ed: Nov\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed port\u00e1l USA vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"elektronische rechnungen im mittelstand: xrechnung, zugferd und erp im \u00dcberblick\" data-id=\"3135\"  data-category=\"apple macos filemaker &amp; erp\" data-post_tag=\"datenbanken erp-software eu-gesetze filemaker gfm-business prozesse\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/elektronicka-fakturace-v-malych-a-strednich-podnicich-xrechnung-zugferd-a-erp-v-kostce\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Elektronick\u00e9 faktury pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky: XRechnung, ZUGFeRD a ERP v kostce<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"P\u0159ehled povinnosti vystavovat elektronick\u00e9 faktury\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elektronische-rechnungen-erp.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elektronische-rechnungen-erp.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elektronische-rechnungen-erp-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elektronische-rechnungen-erp-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elektronische-rechnungen-erp-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elektronische-rechnungen-erp-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 67%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/elektronicka-fakturace-v-malych-a-strednich-podnicich-xrechnung-zugferd-a-erp-v-kostce\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Elektronick\u00e9 faktury pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky: XRechnung, ZUGFeRD a ERP v kostce<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Nen\u00ed to p\u0159ehnan\u00e9? Evropa nen\u00ed cenzurn\u00ed st\u00e1t.<\/strong><br \/>\nNe, a to je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd bod. \u010cl\u00e1nek netvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Evropa p\u0159ijala autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 struktury. Sp\u00ed\u0161e popisuje posun v regulaci digit\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace. Mezi tradi\u010dn\u00ed cenzurou a modern\u00ed regulac\u00ed platforem je zna\u010dn\u00fd rozd\u00edl. P\u0159esto stoj\u00ed za to analyzovat v\u00fdvoj v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi - zejm\u00e9na ve stabiln\u00edch demokraci\u00edch. Otev\u0159en\u00e1 spole\u010dnost se vyzna\u010duje t\u00edm, \u017ee kriticky reflektuje i vlastn\u00ed regulace, ani\u017e by se okam\u017eit\u011b delegitimizovala.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co p\u0159esn\u011b m\u00e1 tento americk\u00fd online port\u00e1l d\u011blat?<\/strong><br \/>\nPodle d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zpr\u00e1v m\u00e1 zp\u0159\u00edstupnit obsah, kter\u00fd je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech blokov\u00e1n. Jedn\u00e1 se o medi\u00e1ln\u00ed nab\u00eddky nebo obsah platforem, kter\u00e9 tam nejsou p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 z politick\u00fdch nebo regula\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f. Je v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9, \u017ee v t\u00e9to souvislosti byla zm\u00edn\u011bna Evropa. Neznamen\u00e1 to automaticky, \u017ee je Evropa ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1na s autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty - znamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak, \u017ee je vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako st\u00e1le v\u00edce regulovan\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed prostor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nejde jen o ochranu p\u0159ed dezinformacemi?<\/strong><br \/>\nAno, to je hlavn\u00ed motiv mnoha evropsk\u00fdch iniciativ. Nikdo nezpochyb\u0148uje, \u017ee dezinformace, c\u00edlen\u00e1 manipulace a nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 kampan\u011b jsou skute\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem. Ot\u00e1zkou v\u0161ak je, kam a\u017e by m\u011bla ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed sahat. Pokud jsou definice formulov\u00e1ny velmi \u0161iroce, m\u016f\u017ee to m\u00edt nezam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky - nap\u0159\u00edklad nejistotu ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m diskurzu nebo p\u0159ed\u010dasnou autocenzuru.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nen\u00ed kritika definic \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projev\u016f\u201c \u00fatokem na ochranu men\u0161in?<\/strong><br \/>\nNe nutn\u011b. Ochrana p\u0159ed diskriminac\u00ed je legitimn\u00edm a nezbytn\u00fdm c\u00edlem. Debata se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na definici pojm\u016f a jejich pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159esnost. \u010c\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b je pojem jasn\u00fd, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je prostor pro v\u00fdklad. V \u00fastavn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu by v\u0161ak m\u011blo b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdroky jsou trestn\u00e9 a kter\u00e9 nikoli. Tato jasnost nakonec slou\u017e\u00ed v\u0161em - v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bni.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d je v \u010dl\u00e1nku tak v\u00fdrazn\u011b zpracov\u00e1no t\u00e9ma genderu?<\/strong><br \/>\nJe toti\u017e aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi v\u011bdeck\u00fdm, spole\u010densk\u00fdm a politick\u00fdm v\u00fdkladem. V\u00fdroky o genderu jsou dnes hodnoceny r\u016fzn\u011b - v z\u00e1vislosti na \u00fahlu pohledu. Pokud by ur\u010dit\u00e9 postoje mohly potenci\u00e1ln\u011b spadat pod \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy\u201c, je to p\u0159\u00edklad toho, jak politicky zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt definice. Nejde ani tak o samotn\u00fd postoj, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e o ot\u00e1zku pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kategorizace.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Je Evropa v tomto ohledu opravdu tak odli\u0161n\u00e1 od USA?<\/strong><br \/>\nAno, z historick\u00e9ho hlediska existuj\u00ed rozd\u00edly. V USA se svoboda projevu t\u011b\u0161\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b siln\u00e9 ochran\u011b podle prvn\u00edho dodatku. Evropa tradi\u010dn\u011b zauj\u00edm\u00e1 vyv\u00e1\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup a zohled\u0148uje dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy, jako je d\u016fstojnost a rovn\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed. Tyto rozd\u00edly dlouho nep\u0159edstavovaly probl\u00e9m, ale \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1le se regulace posouv\u00e1, t\u00edm v\u00edce se projevuj\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nen\u00ed americk\u00fd port\u00e1l s\u00e1m o sob\u011b politick\u00fdm z\u00e1sahem?<\/strong><br \/>\nTo lze interpretovat n\u00e1sledovn\u011b. Informa\u010dn\u00ed politika je v\u017edy geopolitick\u00e1. Pokud st\u00e1t aktivn\u011b poskytuje obsah, kter\u00fd je v jin\u00e9 jurisdikci omezen, vys\u00edl\u00e1 t\u00edm politick\u00fd sign\u00e1l. Zda je to pova\u017eov\u00e1no za zasahov\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo za obranu svobody informac\u00ed, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na \u00fahlu pohledu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nakolik je re\u00e1ln\u00e9, \u017ee Evropa skute\u010dn\u011b natrvalo uzav\u0159e informa\u010dn\u00ed prostor?<\/strong><br \/>\nZ technick\u00e9ho hlediska je v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u011bku obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 prosadit \u00fapln\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed. Obsah lze zrcadlit, p\u0159esm\u011brovat nebo zp\u0159\u00edstupnit jin\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Nejde tedy ani tak o \u00faplnou kontrolu, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e o regula\u010dn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly a povinnosti moderov\u00e1n\u00ed. Skute\u010dnou ot\u00e1zkou je, nakolik takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru v otev\u0159en\u00fd diskurz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Je autocenzura skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem?<\/strong><br \/>\nAutocenzuru je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159it, ale je skute\u010dn\u00e1. Pokud si lid\u00e9 nejsou jisti, zda by ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdroky mohly b\u00fdt problematick\u00e9, formuluj\u00ed je opatrn\u011bji nebo je v\u016fbec nezve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed. \u010casto se tak ned\u011bje z p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, ale na z\u00e1klad\u011b posouzen\u00ed rizika. \u017div\u00e1 kultura diskurzu v\u0161ak vzkv\u00e9t\u00e1 d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee lid\u00e9 mohou mluvit bez p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00fdch obav ze sankc\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nemohla by siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed regulace v\u00e9st tak\u00e9 k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilit\u011b?<\/strong><br \/>\nTo je jist\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9. Zast\u00e1nci argumentuj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee jasn\u00e1 pravidla mohou omezit polarizaci a extr\u00e9mn\u00ed postoje. Kritici oponuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u00fazk\u00e1 pravidla sp\u00ed\u0161e zakr\u00fdvaj\u00ed, ne\u017e aby \u0159e\u0161ila nap\u011bt\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 je rovnov\u00e1ha mezi ochranou a otev\u0159enost\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d hraje d\u016fv\u011bra v t\u00e9to debat\u011b tak d\u016fle\u017eitou roli?<\/strong><br \/>\nDemokratick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my jsou toti\u017e zalo\u017eeny na d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e. Pokud maj\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 pocit, \u017ee pravidla jsou uplat\u0148ov\u00e1na transparentn\u011b a spravedliv\u011b, jejich akceptace se zvy\u0161uje. Pokud naopak chyb\u00ed jasnost nebo se rozhodnut\u00ed jev\u00ed jako netransparentn\u00ed, vznik\u00e1 skepse. D\u016fv\u011bra nen\u00ed abstraktn\u00ed veli\u010dinou, ale z\u00e1kladem politick\u00e9 stability.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sm\u011b\u0159uje Evropa k autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u010cl\u00e1nek takov\u00fd obr\u00e1zek neuv\u00e1d\u00ed. Evropa m\u00e1 st\u00e1le nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 soudy, svobodn\u00e9 volby a pluralitn\u00ed m\u00e9dia. Jde o nuance regulace, nikoli o zm\u011bnu syst\u00e9mu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 objektivn\u00ed diskuse - aby se v\u00fdvoj v\u010das p\u0159izp\u016fsobil, ani\u017e by se dramatizoval.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jakou roli v t\u00e9to souvislosti hraj\u00ed velk\u00e9 platformy?<\/strong><br \/>\nPlatformy funguj\u00ed jako str\u00e1\u017eci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 komunikace. Vzhledem k regula\u010dn\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm jsou pod tlakem, aby rychle kontrolovaly obsah a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby jej odstranily. V praxi to \u010dasto vede k opatrn\u00e9mu moderov\u00e1n\u00ed. Spole\u010dnosti se ocitaj\u00ed v rozporu s pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi po\u017eadavky a pr\u00e1vem na svobodu projevu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lze sladit digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenitu a svobodu projevu?<\/strong><br \/>\nAno, v podstat\u011b ano. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenita zpo\u010d\u00e1tku znamen\u00e1 sebeur\u010den\u00ed pravidel a infrastruktury. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, jak jsou tato pravidla uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1na. Pokud jsou jasn\u00e1, p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 a transparentn\u00ed, mohou vedle sebe existovat ob\u011b mo\u017enosti. Problematick\u00e9 se to st\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e jsou pojmy definov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u0161iroce a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nejistotu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d se o tomto t\u00e9matu v\u00edce nemluv\u00ed v tradi\u010dn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00edch?<\/strong><br \/>\nNa tuto ot\u00e1zku je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 odpov\u011bd\u011bt obecn\u011b. Regulace digit\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace je slo\u017eit\u00e1 a pr\u00e1vn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Zpr\u00e1vy se \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady ne\u017e na struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se pokou\u0161\u00ed tuto strukturu vizualizovat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mohl by americk\u00fd port\u00e1l \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b oslabit evropskou regulaci?<\/strong><br \/>\nTechnicky by to bylo mo\u017en\u00e9. Z politick\u00e9ho hlediska by to v\u0161ak vyvolalo nov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Evropa by se musela rozhodnout, zda bude takov\u00e9 nab\u00eddky tolerovat, nebo proti nim podnikne pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kroky. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by takov\u00fd port\u00e1l debatu je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce rozdm\u00fdchal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nen\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed problematick\u00fd obsah v\u016fbec nezviditel\u0148ovat?<\/strong><br \/>\nTo z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pochopen\u00ed. Jeden p\u0159\u00edstup spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v preventivn\u00edm filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jin\u00fd se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na to, \u017ee problematick\u00fd obsah m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt znehodnocen protimluvem. Oba modely maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody i nev\u00fdhody. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek nen\u00ed zast\u00e1ncem \u00fapln\u00e9 absence pravidel, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e jasnosti a smyslu pro proporce.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak\u00e1 je nakonec kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka cel\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku?<\/strong><br \/>\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed: Jak velkou regulaci m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159en\u00e1 spole\u010dnost tolerovat, ani\u017e by oslabila sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1klad - svobodu diskurzu? Nejde o extr\u00e9my, ale o rovnov\u00e1hu. A o p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed, \u017ee svoboda byla v Evrop\u011b v\u017edy ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenka - nikoliv jako podru\u017en\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-757 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-757 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o um\u011bn\u00ed a kultu\u0159e<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-757\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"iran verstehen: alltag, proteste und interessen jenseits der schlagzeilen\" data-id=\"4462\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"erfahrungen europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit sicherheitspolitik spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/porozumeni-iranskemu-kazdodennimu-zivotu-protesty-a-zajmy-mimo-titulky-novin\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Porozum\u011bn\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu: V\u0161edn\u00ed \u017eivot, protesty a z\u00e1jmy mimo titulky novin.<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Porozum\u011bn\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Iran-Titel.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Iran-Titel.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Iran-Titel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Iran-Titel-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Iran-Titel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Iran-Titel-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/porozumeni-iranskemu-kazdodennimu-zivotu-protesty-a-zajmy-mimo-titulky-novin\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Porozum\u011bn\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu: V\u0161edn\u00ed \u017eivot, protesty a z\u00e1jmy mimo titulky novin.<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"cancel culture im westen: sport, universit\u00e4ten, milit\u00e4r und eu-sanktionen analysiert\" data-id=\"5009\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle deutschland europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit sicherheitspolitik spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/zrusit-kulturu-na-zapade-sportovni-univerzity-vojenske-a-eu-sankce-analyzovany\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Zru\u0161it kulturu na Z\u00e1pad\u011b: anal\u00fdza sportu, univerzit, arm\u00e1dy a sankc\u00ed EU<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Zru\u0161it kulturu na Z\u00e1pad\u011b\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cancel-Culture-Westen-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/zrusit-kulturu-na-zapade-sportovni-univerzity-vojenske-a-eu-sankce-analyzovany\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Zru\u0161it kulturu na Z\u00e1pad\u011b: anal\u00fdza sportu, univerzit, arm\u00e1dy a sankc\u00ed EU<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"zukunft mit ladeger\u00e4t \u2013 herr von l&#8217;oreot kauft einen e-scooter\" data-id=\"3229\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur stories &amp; humor\" data-post_tag=\"erfahrungen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/budoucnost-s-nabijeckou-pan-von-loreot-si-koupi-elektronicky-skutr\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Budoucnost s nab\u00edje\u010dkou - pan von L'oreot kupuje e-kolob\u011b\u017eku<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1184\" height=\"864\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/loereot-e-scooter-1.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1184px) 100vw, 1184px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/loereot-e-scooter-1.jpg 1184w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/loereot-e-scooter-1-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/loereot-e-scooter-1-1024x747.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/loereot-e-scooter-1-768x560.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/loereot-e-scooter-1-16x12.jpg 16w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/budoucnost-s-nabijeckou-pan-von-loreot-si-koupi-elektronicky-skutr\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Budoucnost s nab\u00edje\u010dkou - pan von L'oreot kupuje e-kolob\u011b\u017eku<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"helge schneider: haltung, humor und die freiheit, sich nicht erkl\u00e4ren zu m\u00fcssen\" data-id=\"4756\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland erfahrungen meinungsfreiheit musik portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/helge-schneider-postoj-humor-a-svoboda-nemuset-vysvetlovat-sam-sebe\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Helge Schneider: P\u0159\u00edstup, humor a svoboda nemuset se vysv\u011btlovat<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Helge Schneider Portr\u00e9t\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helge-Schneider.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helge-Schneider.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helge-Schneider-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helge-Schneider-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helge-Schneider-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helge-Schneider-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/helge-schneider-postoj-humor-a-svoboda-nemuset-vysvetlovat-sam-sebe\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Helge Schneider: P\u0159\u00edstup, humor a svoboda nemuset se vysv\u011btlovat<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ned\u00e1vno jsem narazil na informaci, kter\u00e1 m\u011b zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zaujala sp\u00ed\u0161e n\u00e1hodn\u011b - ale pak u\u017e m\u011b nepustila. V jedn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b se objevila zm\u00ednka o tom, \u017ee americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pl\u00e1nuje nov\u00fd online port\u00e1l. Port\u00e1l, kter\u00fd by zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148oval obsah, kter\u00fd je v ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblastech sv\u011bta blokov\u00e1n. Zm\u00edn\u011bny byly zem\u011b jako \u00cdr\u00e1n ... <a title=\"Helge Schneider: P\u0159\u00edstup, humor a svoboda nemuset se vysv\u011btlovat\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/helge-schneider-postoj-humor-a-svoboda-nemuset-vysvetlovat-sam-sebe\/\" aria-label=\"\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce o Helge Schneider: P\u0159\u00edstup, humor a svoboda nemuset se vysv\u011btlovat\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":128,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,466],"tags":[444,480,470,475,482,426,476,478],"class_list":["post-5102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-allgemein","category-gesellschaft","tag-denkmodelle","tag-deutschland","tag-eu-gesetze","tag-europa","tag-geopolitik","tag-krisen","tag-meinungsfreiheit","tag-spieltheorie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5102"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5719,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5102\/revisions\/5719"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}