{"id":5147,"date":"2026-03-07T06:05:02","date_gmt":"2026-03-07T06:05:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/?p=5147"},"modified":"2026-04-29T06:01:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T06:01:55","slug":"od-ukonceni-povinne-vojenske-sluzby-ke-skolnim-stavkam-nova-debata-o-nemeckych-ozbrojenych-silach-a-vzdelavani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/03\/od-ukonceni-povinne-vojenske-sluzby-ke-skolnim-stavkam-nova-debata-o-nemeckych-ozbrojenych-silach-a-vzdelavani\/","title":{"rendered":"Od ukon\u010den\u00ed povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby ke st\u00e1vk\u00e1m ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch: nov\u00e1 debata o Bundeswehru a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kdy\u017e jsem byl v 90. letech s\u00e1m odveden do Bundeswehru, byla to v N\u011bmecku je\u0161t\u011b docela b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st \u017eivota mnoha mlad\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo dokon\u010dil \u0161kolu, absolvoval bu\u010f civiln\u00ed, nebo vojenskou slu\u017ebu. Byla to tehdy prost\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st \u017eivota - stejn\u011b jako v\u00fdcvik nebo studium. Lid\u00e9 o n\u00ed mluvili, v\u011bd\u011bli, co je zhruba \u010dek\u00e1, a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bl v okruhu sv\u00fdch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch n\u011bkoho, kdo pr\u00e1v\u011b vstoupil do arm\u00e1dy nebo tak u\u010dinil ned\u00e1vno.<\/p>\n<p>J\u00e1 s\u00e1m jsem tak\u00e9 absolvoval vojenskou slu\u017ebu. V m\u00e9m okol\u00ed se o tom nevedly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 velk\u00e9 ideologick\u00e9 debaty. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se objevovala kritika arm\u00e1dy nebo diskuse o nasazen\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed - ale Bundeswehr byl v podstat\u011b norm\u00e1ln\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed st\u00e1tu. Byl tu, ale v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed nehr\u00e1l nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dominantn\u00ed roli. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee to platilo i pro \u0161kolu.<!--more--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-811 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-811 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o um\u011bn\u00ed a kultu\u0159e<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-811\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"die krimtataren \u2013 geschichte, herkunft und gegenwart eines vergessenen volkes\" data-id=\"4154\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; 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kultur\" data-post_tag=\"denkmodelle energiepolitik europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit pers\u00f6nlichkeitsentwicklung sicherheitspolitik spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/metody-propagandy-historie-moderni-formy-a-jak-je-rozpoznat\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Propaganda: historie, metody, modern\u00ed formy a jak je rozpoznat<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Co je to propaganda?\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Propaganda-titel.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Propaganda-titel.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Propaganda-titel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Propaganda-titel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Propaganda-titel-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/metody-propagandy-historie-moderni-formy-a-jak-je-rozpoznat\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Propaganda: historie, metody, modern\u00ed formy a jak je rozpoznat<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy k t\u00e9matu<\/h2>\n<p><strong>29.04.2026<\/strong>: P\u0159\u00edtomnost <a href=\"https:\/\/www.news4teachers.de\/2026\/04\/zahl-der-bundeswehr-besuche-an-schulen-steigt-rasant-gew-warnt-vor-militarismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Bundeswehr v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch na vzestupu<\/strong><\/a> a st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 form\u00e1ln\u00ed strukturu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Hamburku byla uzav\u0159ena nov\u00e1 dohoda o spolupr\u00e1ci, podle n\u00ed\u017e budou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f pro ml\u00e1de\u017e v budoucnu z\u00e1vazn\u00e9. V pozad\u00ed stoj\u00ed rostouc\u00ed v\u00fdznam t\u00e9mat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky ve v\u00fduce, kter\u00fdm by se podle politik\u016f m\u011blo v\u011bnovat v\u00edce pozornosti. Odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 osoby z\u00e1rove\u0148 zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fduka mus\u00ed prob\u00edhat kontroverzn\u011b a bez ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kritika v\u0161ak p\u0159i\u0161la ze strany odborov\u00e9ho svazu pracovn\u00edk\u016f ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed GEW, kter\u00fd varuje p\u0159ed pl\u00ed\u017eivou militarizac\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u0161koln\u00edho \u017eivota. Za problematick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj pova\u017euje rostouc\u00ed po\u010det vystoupen\u00ed Bundeswehru a po\u017eaduje, aby se v\u00edce zohled\u0148ovaly civiln\u00ed perspektivy. Tento trend je z\u0159ejm\u00fd v cel\u00e9m N\u011bmecku: jen za prvn\u00edch n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f leto\u0161n\u00edho roku byly zaznamen\u00e1ny ji\u017e tis\u00edce \u0161koln\u00edch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv. Debata poukazuje na nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi politick\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm a mo\u017enost\u00ed ovliv\u0148ovat mlad\u00e9 lidi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>16.04.2026<\/strong>: 8. kv\u011btna, podle internetov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek iniciativy <a href=\"https:\/\/schulstreikgegenwehrpflicht.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u201eSt\u00e1vka \u0161kol proti povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b\u201c<\/strong><\/a> byla ozn\u00e1mena dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1vka. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u00fadaje o rozsahu a \u0161kol\u00e1ch, kter\u00fdch se t\u00fdk\u00e1, v\u0161ak zat\u00edm nejsou zn\u00e1my. Iniciativa se stav\u00ed proti p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9mu znovuzaveden\u00ed povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby a vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k \u00fa\u010dasti zejm\u00e9na \u017e\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9ma p\u0159itahuje pozornost d\u00edky p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016fm od nep\u0159ipojen\u00fdch osob. <a href=\"https:\/\/martinsonneborn.de\/stillgestanden-bros\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Poslanec Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu Martin Sonneborn<\/strong><\/a>, kter\u00fd protest satiricky komentuje a dokonce jej podporuje formou omluvn\u00e9ho dopisu, kter\u00fd je ke sta\u017een\u00ed. Zda se jedn\u00e1 o malou, jednor\u00e1zovou akci, nebo o \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed hnut\u00ed, se teprve uvid\u00ed. Pozorovatel\u00e9 v\u0161ak podobn\u00e9 iniciativy pova\u017euj\u00ed za mo\u017en\u00fd sign\u00e1l, \u017ee debaty o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice se st\u00e1le v\u00edce dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed k mlad\u0161\u00edm generac\u00edm. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u00e1viset na tom, zda se v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dynamika rozvine prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed nebo tradi\u010dn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>03.04.2026<\/strong>: Z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/news\/neue-wehrpflicht-regel-kaum-beachtete-aenderung-hat-weitreichende-folgen-li.10028539\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Novela z\u00e1kona o modernizaci vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/strong><\/a> vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 diskusi: Mu\u017ei ve v\u011bku od 17 do 45 let mus\u00ed p\u0159ed del\u0161\u00edm pobytem v zahrani\u010d\u00ed z\u00edskat povolen\u00ed od n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se to t\u00fdk\u00e1 pobyt\u016f del\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce - nap\u0159\u00edklad za \u00fa\u010delem studia, pr\u00e1ce nebo cestov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm to, \u017ee toto na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ji\u017e neplat\u00ed pouze ve stavu nap\u011bt\u00ed nebo obrany, ale plat\u00ed trvale i v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 situaci. T\u00edm se v\u00fdrazn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159uje st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontrola nad potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi branci. Ministerstvo obrany tuto zm\u011bnu zd\u016fvod\u0148uje lep\u0161\u00ed vojenskou evidenc\u00ed v mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 situaci. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 samo ministerstvo p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee dopady mohou b\u00fdt \u201edalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9\u201c, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdjimky je\u0161t\u011b nejsou zcela propracov\u00e1ny. \u00daprava ukazuje, jak se postupn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed r\u00e1mcov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky kolem povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby a vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy - \u010dasto bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornosti ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n<p><strong>27.03.2026<\/strong>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 video upozor\u0148uje na rostouc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost Bundeswehru ve \u0161koln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a s t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed debatu. V pozad\u00ed stoj\u00ed dohody o spolupr\u00e1ci mezi Bundeswehrem a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi institucemi, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tzv. d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016fm pro ml\u00e1de\u017e vyu\u010dovat p\u0159\u00edmo ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b to slou\u017e\u00ed k politick\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a sd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed souvislost\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_Gg819rsvArY\"><div id=\"lyte_Gg819rsvArY\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FGg819rsvArY%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Gg819rsvArY\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FGg819rsvArY%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nBundeswehr v u\u010debn\u00e1ch? | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@BerlinerZeitung_BLZ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Berliner Zeitung<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kritici v\u0161ak vid\u00ed problematick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj: akademick\u00e9 a spole\u010densk\u00e9 organizace varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed pl\u00ed\u017eivou militarizac\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho sektoru. Kriticky je vn\u00edm\u00e1n zejm\u00e9na p\u0159\u00edstup k nezletil\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm, nebo\u0165 zde nelze vylou\u010dit c\u00edlen\u00e9 ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zast\u00e1nci naopak argumentuj\u00ed, \u017ee v situaci st\u00e1le nejist\u011bj\u0161\u00edho sv\u011bta je t\u0159eba v\u00edce vyu\u010dovat ot\u00e1zky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0160kola bez voj\u00e1k\u016f ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e sly\u0161\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u00e9 debaty o n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1ch Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, mus\u00edm se v\u017edy zamyslet: M\u011bli jsme tady n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho? Up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f zn\u00ed - ani p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u00edm. Teoreticky to mo\u017en\u00e9 bylo, ale j\u00e1 si to prost\u011b nepamatuji.<\/p>\n<p>Zcela jasn\u011b si pamatuji, \u017ee k n\u00e1m na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kolu jednou p\u0159i\u0161el zuba\u0159 a vysv\u011btloval n\u00e1m, jak si spr\u00e1vn\u011b \u010distit zuby. Tehdy to z\u0159ejm\u011b bylo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9ma zdravotn\u00ed v\u00fdchovy. Takov\u00e9 v\u011bci si skute\u010dn\u011b pamatuji.<\/p>\n<p>Ale voj\u00e1ci ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b? P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice? Mlad\u00ed policist\u00e9 vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konflikty? Na nic z toho si nevzpom\u00edn\u00e1m. To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b automaticky neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee nic takov\u00e9ho nebylo. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se takov\u00e1 akce skute\u010dn\u011b jednou konala a j\u00e1 byl ten den nemocn\u00fd nebo jsem nebyl ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b z jin\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee k takov\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem doch\u00e1zelo sp\u00ed\u0161e ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edc\u00edch - nap\u0159\u00edklad ve 12. nebo 13. ro\u010dn\u00edku. J\u00e1 s\u00e1m jsem v\u0161ak chodil na gymn\u00e1zium jen do 11. ro\u010dn\u00edku. Pot\u00e9 jsem \u0161kolu opustil. Je tedy docela dob\u0159e mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se takov\u00e1 t\u00e9mata prob\u00edrala a\u017e v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch, a proto jsem je v\u016fbec neza\u017eil. Ale i kdyby tomu tak bylo, Bundeswehr rozhodn\u011b nebyl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u0161koln\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<h3>Jindy<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i zp\u011btn\u00e9m pohledu to vlastn\u011b nen\u00ed nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9. V 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ed v N\u011bmecku st\u00e1le platila povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba. To znamenalo, \u017ee st\u00e1t dost\u00e1val vojensk\u00e9 rekruty prakticky automaticky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok byly odvedeny tis\u00edce mlad\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f. Nebyl tedy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed d\u016fvod k intenzivn\u00edmu n\u00e1boru dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f. Bundeswehr tehdy nemusel aktivn\u011b bojovat o pozornost. Byl prost\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes je situace jin\u00e1. Od zru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby v roce 2011 se Bundeswehr postupn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed na dobrovolnickou arm\u00e1du. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se zm\u011bnilo i prost\u0159ed\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky. Politickou debatu nyn\u00ed ur\u010duj\u00ed nov\u00e9 konflikty, nov\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a rostouc\u00ed v\u00fddaje na obranu.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 situaci je jedna ot\u00e1zka mnohem nal\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve: odkud se vezmou voj\u00e1ci budoucnosti? Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se Bundeswehr st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji objevuje v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u0161kol - nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm prezentac\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f pro ml\u00e1de\u017e, simula\u010dn\u00edch her bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky nebo informa\u010dn\u00edch akc\u00ed o mo\u017enostech vojensk\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u0161ak s\u00edl\u00ed i kritika. N\u011bkter\u00e1 sdru\u017een\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f a m\u00edrov\u00e9 organizace jsou k t\u011bmto aktivit\u00e1m skeptick\u00e9. Varuj\u00ed, \u017ee by se \u0161koly mohly st\u00e1t m\u00edstem n\u00e1boru mlad\u00fdch talent\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed se oz\u00fdvaj\u00ed i samotn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci. V posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch se v mnoha n\u011bmeck\u00fdch m\u011bstech konaly \u0161koln\u00ed st\u00e1vky proti nov\u00fdm pl\u00e1n\u016fm n\u011bmeck\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy na vojenskou slu\u017ebu. Tis\u00edce mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed vy\u0161ly do ulic, aby protestovaly proti mo\u017en\u00e9mu n\u00e1vratu k povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b.<br \/>\nTento v\u00fdvoj ve mn\u011b vyvolal zv\u011bdavost. Vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 toti\u017e \u0159adu ot\u00e1zek:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry je dnes Bundeswehr skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomen v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch?<\/li>\n<li>Jak dlouho tato forma spolupr\u00e1ce existuje?<\/li>\n<li>A kde je hranice mezi politick\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm a vojensk\u00fdm n\u00e1borem?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b na tyto ot\u00e1zky bych se r\u00e1d n\u00ed\u017ee bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edval.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5152\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-90er.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-90er.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-90er-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-90er-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-90er-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Bod zvratu: Jak se zm\u011bnila bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed situace v Evrop\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Pokud sledujete dne\u0161n\u00ed politickou debatu v Evrop\u011b, st\u00e1le se objevuje jeden term\u00edn:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201eBod zlomu\u201c<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Toto slovo se objevuje v projevech politik\u016f, v novinov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch, v diskusn\u00edch po\u0159adech i v anal\u00fdz\u00e1ch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky. Odkazuje na hodnocen\u00ed, \u017ee strategick\u00e1 situace v Evrop\u011b se z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnila - a to rychleji, ne\u017e by mnoz\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety o\u010dek\u00e1vali.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bmecko \u017eilo po dlouhou dobu v relativn\u011b stabiln\u00edm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Po skon\u010den\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se velk\u00fd vojensk\u00fd konflikt na evropsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b zd\u00e1l t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00fd. Bundeswehr byl redukov\u00e1n, v\u00fddaje na obranu klesaly a mnoho lid\u00ed m\u011blo dojem, \u017ee vojensk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky budou v budoucnu hr\u00e1t pod\u0159adnou roli. Dnes je situace jin\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b jako bod obratu<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b byla rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm zlomem. Nejpozd\u011bji od roku 2022 se t\u00e9ma bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky vr\u00e1tilo na vrchol evropsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 agendy. Mnoho zem\u00ed diskutuje o tom, jak stabiln\u00ed je vlastn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b evropsk\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d a jakou roli budou muset v budoucnu hr\u00e1t n\u00e1rodn\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/p>\n<p>Tento v\u00fdvoj vedl k jasn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b kurzu i v N\u011bmecku. Politici nyn\u00ed otev\u0159en\u011b \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee Evropa se mus\u00ed op\u011bt v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159it na vojensk\u00e9 odstra\u0161en\u00ed a obrann\u00e9 schopnosti. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 vl\u00e1da rozhodla o velk\u00e9m zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm fondu pro Bundeswehr, byly zv\u00fd\u0161eny v\u00fddaje na obranu a N\u011bmecko se nyn\u00ed v r\u00e1mci NATO anga\u017euje mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto zm\u011bny maj\u00ed dopad nejen na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku. Ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed tak\u00e9 velmi praktick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky: vybaven\u00ed, infrastrukturu - a person\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<h3>Rostouc\u00ed v\u00fdznam Bundeswehru<\/h3>\n<p>V tomto nov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se Bundeswehr dost\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce do centra politick\u00e9 debaty. Po mnoho let byl v N\u011bmecku pova\u017eov\u00e1n za instituci, kter\u00e1 sice existuje, ale v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed je sotva viditeln\u00e1. K nasazen\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed sice doch\u00e1zelo, ale v pov\u011bdom\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti hr\u00e1lo \u010dasto jen omezenou roli.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes je situace jin\u00e1. Najednou se intenzivn\u011bji diskutuje o tom, jak velk\u00e9 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly, jak\u00e9 \u00fakoly by m\u011bly plnit a jak dob\u0159e jsou p\u0159ipraveny na p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 krize. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 NATO zv\u00fd\u0161ilo sv\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed od \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Od N\u011bmecka se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee bude v\u00edce p\u0159isp\u00edvat ke kolektivn\u00ed obran\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Bundeswehr pot\u0159ebuje nejen modern\u00ed techniku, ale tak\u00e9 dostatek person\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<h3>Person\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavky ozbrojen\u00fdch sil<\/h3>\n<p>Modern\u00ed arm\u00e1da nefunguje pouze s vozidly, letadly nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi syst\u00e9my. Pot\u0159ebuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm lidi - voj\u00e1ky, techniky, specialisty, d\u016fstojn\u00edky a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>To je jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00fdm Bundeswehr ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let \u010del\u00ed. M\u00e9dia opakovan\u011b informuj\u00ed o pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch s n\u00e1borem person\u00e1lu. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je obsazovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 technick\u00e9 nebo specializovan\u00e9 oblasti. Sou\u010dasn\u011b roste pot\u0159eba kvalifikovan\u00fdch nov\u00fdch rekrut\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Nejedn\u00e1 se o \u010dist\u011b n\u011bmeck\u00fd probl\u00e9m. S podobn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 mnoho evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. V modern\u00edch spole\u010dnostech sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed arm\u00e1da s mnoha dal\u0161\u00edmi zam\u011bstnavateli o dob\u0159e vy\u0161kolen\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 lidi. Zat\u00edmco v minulosti povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba zaji\u0161\u0165ovala pravideln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun nov\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, dobrovolnick\u00e1 arm\u00e1da mus\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u010dleny aktivn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n<h3>Nov\u00e1 strategick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka<\/h3>\n<p>To tak\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed perspektivu: arm\u00e1da se st\u00e1le v\u00edce st\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z mnoha zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f. Bundeswehr dnes mus\u00ed vysv\u011btlovat, pro\u010d by si mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 m\u011bli zvolit vojenskou kari\u00e9ru. Mus\u00ed p\u0159edstavovat v\u00fdcvikov\u00e9 programy, ukazovat kari\u00e9rn\u00ed mo\u017enosti a prezentovat svou roli ve spole\u010dnosti. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt viditeln\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>A pr\u00e1v\u011b zde p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed ke slovu \u0161koly. Koneckonc\u016f, pokud chcete oslovit mlad\u00e9 lidi, m\u00e1 smysl j\u00edt tam, kde jsou: do \u0161kol, \u0161kolic\u00edch st\u0159edisek nebo na univerzity. Z tohoto pohledu se informa\u010dn\u00ed akce, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky nebo diskuse o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jev\u00ed jako logick\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b tady za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 spole\u010densk\u00e1 debata.<\/p>\n<h3>Arm\u00e1da a spole\u010dnost<\/h3>\n<p>V N\u011bmecku je vztah mezi arm\u00e1dou a spole\u010dnost\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u011b citliv\u00fd. Historick\u00e1 zku\u0161enost 20. stolet\u00ed vedla mnoho lid\u00ed k tomu, \u017ee v\u011bnuj\u00ed velkou pozornost roli, kterou hraj\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Proto je rostouc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch vn\u00edm\u00e1na odli\u0161n\u011b. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 je bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika p\u0159irozenou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ci maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo sezn\u00e1mit se s perspektivou ozbrojen\u00fdch sil.<\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00ed se na to d\u00edvaj\u00ed kriti\u010dt\u011bji. Ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed se, \u017ee by vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy mohly z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd vliv v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed - zejm\u00e9na pokud se sou\u010dasn\u011b hledaj\u00ed nov\u00ed rekruti pro arm\u00e1du.<\/p>\n<p>Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debaty se dnes soust\u0159e\u010fuje na tyto dva postoje.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edpad nap\u011bt\u00ed: Co se stane, kdy\u017e N\u011bmecko ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ejde do krizov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu?<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/co-znamena-pokles-napeti-v-nemecku-a-jake-konkretni-dusledky-by-to-melo\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3002 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Spannungsfall-Deutschland-2025-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Nap\u00ednac\u00ed sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148 - N\u011bmecko-2025\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Spannungsfall-Deutschland-2025-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Spannungsfall-Deutschland-2025-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Spannungsfall-Deutschland-2025-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Spannungsfall-Deutschland-2025.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Dal\u0161\u00edm pojmem, kter\u00fd se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji objevuje v diskus\u00edch o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice, je tzv. stav nap\u011bt\u00ed. Tento stav le\u017e\u00ed z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska mezi m\u00edrov\u00fdm a obrann\u00fdm stavem a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyhl\u00e1\u0161en Spolkov\u00fdm sn\u011bmem, pokud hroz\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed krize. Mnoho ob\u010dan\u016f v\u0161ak sotva v\u00ed, jak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u016fsledky by to m\u011blo. V m\u00e9m <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/co-znamena-pokles-napeti-v-nemecku-a-jake-konkretni-dusledky-by-to-melo\/\"><strong>\u010cl\u00e1nek o poklesu nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong><\/a> Proto podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btluji, jak\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed mechanismy by pak vstoupily v platnost. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 mobilizace Bundeswehru, zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pravomoci st\u00e1tn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a zm\u011bny v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b obyvatelstva. \u010cl\u00e1nek jasn\u011b ukazuje, jak tato z\u0159\u00eddka diskutovan\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st n\u011bmeck\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed architektury ve skute\u010dnosti funguje.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum mo\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpadu nap\u011bt\u00ed v N\u011bmecku<\/h3>\n<div class='bootstrap-yop yop-poll-mc'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"basic-yop-poll-container\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff; border:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:0px 5px;\" data-id=\"6\" data-temp=\"basic-pretty\" data-skin=\"square\" data-cscheme=\"blue\" data-cap=\"0\" data-access=\"guest\" data-tid=\"\" data-uid=\"964457dd1689c488c9e1bbcfc8ab10ed\" data-pid=\"4229\" data-resdet=\"votes-number,percentages\" data-show-results-to=\"guest\" data-show-results-moment=\"after-vote\" data-show-results-only=\"false\" data-show-message=\"true\" data-show-results-as=\"bar\" data-sort-results-by=\"as-defined\" data-sort-results-rule=\"asc\"data-is-ended=\"0\" data-percentages-decimals=\"2\" data-gdpr=\"no\" data-gdpr-sol=\"consent\" data-css=\".basic-yop-poll-container[data-uid] .basic-vote {\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\" data-counter=\"0\" data-load-with=\"1\" data-notification-section=\"top\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"basic-inner\"><div class=\"basic-message hide\" style=\"border-left: 10px solid #008000; padding: 0px 10px;\" data-error=\"#ff0000\" data-success=\"#008000\"><p class=\"basic-message-text\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"basic-overlay hide\"><div class=\"basic-vote-options\"><\/div><div class=\"basic-preloader\"><div class=\"basic-windows8\"><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_1\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_2\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_3\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_4\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_5\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><form class=\"basic-form\" action=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"523642ccbf\" autocomplete=\"off\"><div class=\"basic-elements\"><div class=\"basic-element basic-question basic-question-text-vertical\" data-id=\"6\" data-uid=\"5b372d7bee3b2f1c4c6d74d0ed6e2023\" data-type=\"question\" data-question-type=\"text\" data-required=\"yes\" data-allow-multiple=\"no\" data-min=\"1\" data-max=\"7\" data-display=\"vertical\" data-colnum=\"\" data-display-others=\"no\" data-others-color=\"\" data-others=\"\" data-others-max-chars=\"0\"><div class=\"basic-question-title\"><h5 style=\"color:#000000; font-size:16px; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;\">Jak dob\u0159e se vy osobn\u011b c\u00edt\u00edte p\u0159ipraveni na p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (nap\u0159. krizi nebo v\u00e1lku)?<\/h5><\/div><ul class=\"basic-answers\"><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"24\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"19\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[24]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[24]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"24\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Velmi dob\u0159e - m\u00e1m z\u00e1soby, znalosti a pl\u00e1n<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"25\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"36\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[25]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[25]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"25\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Docela dobr\u00e9 - trochu jsem o tom p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"26\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"59\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[26]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[26]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"26\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">T\u011b\u017eko - jen douf\u00e1m, \u017ee se nic nestane<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"27\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"13\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[27]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[27]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"27\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">V\u016fbec ne - z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b toto t\u00e9ma potla\u010duji.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"28\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"16\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[28]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[28]\" name=\"answer[6]\" value=\"28\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Co je to vlastn\u011b \"pokles nap\u011bt\u00ed\"?<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-vote\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"button basic-vote-button\" role=\"button\" style=\"background:#027bb8; border:0px; border-style: solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:10px 10px; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\">Hlasujte na<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"cs\"\/><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Debata, kter\u00e1 teprve za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1<\/h3>\n<p>Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, rychle zjist\u00edme, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka role Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed debaty. Dot\u00fdk\u00e1 se z\u00e1sadn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek, jako je bezpe\u010dnost, demokracie, politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a odpov\u011bdnost st\u00e1tu v\u016f\u010di sv\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuje, \u017ee se m\u011bn\u00ed i vztah mezi mlad\u00fdmi lidmi a st\u00e1tn\u00edmi institucemi.<\/p>\n<p>Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00edmi bychom si asi t\u011b\u017eko dok\u00e1zali p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee by dne\u0161n\u00ed \u0161kol\u00e1ci demonstrovali a ve\u0159ejn\u011b diskutovali o vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b nebo vojensk\u00e9 politice.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Evropa - a s n\u00ed i N\u011bmecko - se skute\u010dn\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve f\u00e1zi ot\u0159es\u016f. O to zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je polo\u017eit si ot\u00e1zku, jak do\u0161lo k tomu, \u017ee Bundeswehr nyn\u00ed mus\u00ed nab\u00edrat v\u00edce mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Koneckonc\u016f rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdchodisko tohoto v\u00fdvoje spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v politick\u00e9m rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo u\u010din\u011bno p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e deseti lety: ukon\u010den\u00ed povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5153\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Geopolitik.jpg\" alt=\"Povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba - st\u00e1vky ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch - geopolitika\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Geopolitik.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Geopolitik-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Geopolitik-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Geopolitik-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Konec povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby a jeho d\u016fsledky<\/h2>\n<p>V roce 2011 u\u010dinilo N\u011bmecko rozhodnut\u00ed v oblasti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky, jeho\u017e d\u016fsledky poci\u0165ujeme dodnes: Povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba byla pozastavena. A\u010dkoli form\u00e1ln\u011b nebyla zcela zru\u0161ena, v praxi toto rozhodnut\u00ed znamenalo konec syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd byl po desetilet\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed struktury.<\/p>\n<p>Po mnoho generac\u00ed byla povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo v ml\u00e1d\u00ed dos\u00e1hl plnoletosti, musel po\u010d\u00edtat s t\u00edm, \u017ee str\u00e1v\u00ed n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota bu\u010f v ozbrojen\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch, nebo v civiln\u00ed slu\u017eb\u011b. St\u00e1t tak m\u011bl nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun rekrut\u016f - bez ohledu na to, jak atraktivn\u00ed byla vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba pro jednotlivce.<\/p>\n<p>Tento princip se z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnil s pozastaven\u00edm povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<h3>Od brann\u00e9 k dobrovolnick\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>Od roku 2011 je Bundeswehr zalo\u017een na dobrovoln\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nikdo ji\u017e nen\u00ed automaticky odveden. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se chce st\u00e1t voj\u00e1kem, se pro to mus\u00ed v\u011bdom\u011b rozhodnout.<\/p>\n<p>Tato zm\u011bna m\u011bla zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zcela pochopiteln\u00e9 d\u016fvody. Ji\u017e v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch letech byl po\u010det branc\u016f v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een a mnoz\u00ed odborn\u00edci tvrdili, \u017ee modern\u00ed arm\u00e1da m\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9pe fungovat s dobrovoln\u00edky a profesion\u00e1ln\u011b vycvi\u010den\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n<p>Zm\u011bnily se tak\u00e9 \u00fakoly Bundeswehru. Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed mise, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce a technicky sofistikovan\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my vy\u017eadovaly st\u00e1le specializovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdcvik. V t\u00e9to souvislosti se mnoh\u00fdm politik\u016fm zd\u00e1la men\u0161\u00ed, profesionalizovan\u00e1 arm\u00e1da rozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e9 politick\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdzva n\u00e1boru mlad\u00fdch talent\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>S ukon\u010den\u00edm povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby zanikl mechanismus, kter\u00fd po desetilet\u00ed automaticky zaji\u0161\u0165oval novou generaci voj\u00e1k\u016f. Najednou musel Bundeswehr p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat mlad\u00e9 lidi, aby se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sili dobrovoln\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Na prvn\u00ed pohled to zn\u00ed jednodu\u0161eji, ne\u017e je tomu v praxi. Koneckonc\u016f Bundeswehr nyn\u00ed soupe\u0159\u00ed o kvalifikovan\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 lidi s mnoha dal\u0161\u00edmi zam\u011bstnavateli. Univerzity, firmy, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed podniky, ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va - ti v\u0161ichni hledaj\u00ed mlad\u00e9 talenty. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se dramaticky zm\u011bnil sv\u011bt pr\u00e1ce. Mnoho mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1 velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam flexibiln\u00edmu pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed mobilit\u011b nebo kreativn\u00edm profesn\u00edm obor\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Za t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek nen\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra atraktivn\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. Nav\u00edc je vojensk\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed spojeno se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi po\u017eadavky: fyzickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed, discipl\u00ednou, mo\u017en\u00fdm nasazen\u00edm v zahrani\u010d\u00ed a ochotou pou\u017e\u00edt v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze vojenskou s\u00edlu. To jsou aspekty, kter\u00e9 nelze srovn\u00e1vat s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<p>Pro Bundeswehr to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00ed vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d by si mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 p\u0159esto m\u011bli zvolit tuto cestu.<\/p>\n<h3>Nov\u00e9 strategie pro vztahy s ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>V letech po roce 2011 proto Bundeswehr za\u010dal v\u00fdrazn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159ovat svou pr\u00e1ci s ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed. Informa\u010dn\u00ed kampan\u011b, kari\u00e9rn\u00ed port\u00e1ly a vystoupen\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch m\u011bly uk\u00e1zat mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee vojensk\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra nab\u00eddnout.<\/p>\n<p>Na v\u00fdznamu z\u00edskaly tak\u00e9 akce pro mlad\u00e9 lidi. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1borov\u00e9 strategie se st\u00e1le v\u00edce st\u00e1valy informa\u010dn\u00ed st\u00e1nky na veletrz\u00edch odborn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy, poradensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro absolventy \u0161kol a prezentace technick\u00fdch profes\u00ed v ozbrojen\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojem byly vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed akce - nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice, simula\u010dn\u00ed hry o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konfliktech nebo diskuse o roli NATO. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b se zam\u011b\u0159uje na politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kritici to v\u0161ak pova\u017euj\u00ed za nep\u0159\u00edmou formu n\u00e1boru.<\/p>\n<p>Bez ohledu na to tento v\u00fdvoj ukazuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jednu v\u011bc: Bundeswehr je dnes v\u00edce z\u00e1visl\u00fd na viditelnosti ne\u017e v minulosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Spole\u010dnost v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p>Tato zm\u011bna p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy se m\u011bn\u00ed i postoj spole\u010dnosti k arm\u00e1d\u011b. Zat\u00edmco b\u011bhem desetilet\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byla n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obrana \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm politick\u00fdm t\u00e9matem, po sjednocen\u00ed N\u011bmecka st\u00e1le v\u00edce ustupovala do pozad\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho lid\u00ed v N\u011bmecku vyr\u016fstalo v dob\u011b, kdy se v\u00e1lka v Evrop\u011b zd\u00e1la t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e1. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika byla vn\u00edm\u00e1na sp\u00ed\u0161e jako \u00fakol mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce a diplomatick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Vojensk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky nehr\u00e1ly v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b mnoha ob\u010dan\u016f t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dnou roli.<\/p>\n<p>Se sou\u010dasn\u00fdm geopolitick\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm se tento obraz op\u011bt m\u011bn\u00ed. T\u00e9mata jako obranyschopnost, alian\u010dn\u00ed politika a vojensk\u00e9 odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou op\u011bt intenzivn\u011bji diskutov\u00e1na. Tento v\u00fdvoj nevyhnuteln\u011b vede k dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zce: Jakou roli by m\u011bl Bundeswehr ve spole\u010dnosti hr\u00e1t - a jak viditeln\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt?<\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e1vrat star\u00e9 debaty<\/h3>\n<p>Ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let se proto diskutuje o mo\u017en\u00e9m n\u00e1vratu povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed politici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba by nejen zajistila pot\u0159ebu ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, ale mohla by tak\u00e9 pos\u00edlit vztah mezi spole\u010dnost\u00ed a arm\u00e1dou.<\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00ed jsou rozhodn\u011b proti t\u00e9to my\u0161lence. Pova\u017euj\u00ed ji za z\u00e1sah do osobn\u00ed svobody a pochybuj\u00ed, \u017ee povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba m\u00e1 v modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti je\u0161t\u011b smysl.<\/p>\n<p>Politick\u00e1 debata se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pohybuje mezi t\u011bmito pozicemi. Jist\u00e9 je pouze jedno: rozhodnut\u00ed z roku 2011 natrvalo zm\u011bnilo syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<h3>Pohled na mladou generaci<\/h3>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco politici diskutuj\u00ed o modelech reforem, reaguj\u00ed na tento v\u00fdvoj i samotn\u00ed mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed st\u00e1vky proti pl\u00e1n\u016fm vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky se nyn\u00ed op\u011bt dot\u00fdk\u00e1 generace, kter\u00e1 s t\u00edmto t\u00e9matem dlouho nep\u0159ich\u00e1zela do styku.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se sektor vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji m\u00edstem, kde se tato diskuse zviditel\u0148uje. \u0160koly jsou nejen m\u00edstem v\u00fduky, ale tak\u00e9 prostorem, kde se poprv\u00e9 intenzivn\u011bji rozpozn\u00e1vaj\u00ed a diskutuj\u00ed politick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edm se automaticky dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do centra pozornosti dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: Jakou roli dnes Bundeswehr vlastn\u011b hraje v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u0161koly - a jak \u010dasto se \u017e\u00e1ci s voj\u00e1ky ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b skute\u010dn\u011b setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed? Pr\u00e1v\u011b touto ot\u00e1zkou se chceme podrobn\u011bji zab\u00fdvat v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed kapitole.<\/p>\n<h3>Bod zlomu v Bundeswehru: mezi tlakem na reformu a nedostatkem person\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n<p>Od za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b hovo\u0159\u00ed politici a arm\u00e1da v N\u011bmecku o \u201ebodu obratu\u201c v bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice. Dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film SWR doprov\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolik voj\u00e1k\u016f v jejich ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b a ukazuje, jak\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed dopad m\u00e1 toto politick\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed na Bundeswehr. Film sleduje mimo jin\u00e9 mladou rekrutku, zku\u0161en\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumn\u00edka na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddle NATO a lektora, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 voj\u00e1ky p\u0159ipravovat na novou realitu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_tHblncZVU5A\"><div id=\"lyte_tHblncZVU5A\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FtHblncZVU5A%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tHblncZVU5A\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FtHblncZVU5A%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nP\u0159elom v Bundeswehru - Rok s voj\u00e1ky | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@SWRDoku\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Dokument SWR<\/a><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdzvy, kter\u00fdm Bundeswehr v sou\u010dasnosti \u010del\u00ed, jsou z\u0159ejm\u00e9: nedostatek person\u00e1lu, l\u00e9ta zanedb\u00e1van\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a \u00fakol p\u0159eorientovat se na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a alian\u010dn\u00ed obranu. Zpr\u00e1va poskytuje osobn\u00ed pohled na arm\u00e1du v procesu transformace.<\/p>\n<h3>Situace p\u0159ed a po ukon\u010den\u00ed povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/h3>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>P\u0159ed rokem 2011 (povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba)<\/th>\n<th>Po roce 2011 (dobrovolnick\u00e1 arm\u00e1da)<\/th>\n<th>\u00da\u010dinky<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Automatick\u00fd n\u00e1bor mnoha mlad\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f.<\/td>\n<td>Dobrovoln\u00e9 p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k vojensk\u00e9 kari\u00e9\u0159e.<\/td>\n<td>Bundeswehr mus\u00ed aktivn\u011b nab\u00edrat nov\u00e9 rekruty.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Arm\u00e1da byla p\u0159\u00edtomna ve spole\u010dnosti, ale jen z\u0159\u00eddka ve \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fduce.<\/td>\n<td>Dal\u0161\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed akce a pr\u00e1ce s ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed.<\/td>\n<td>Bundeswehr se \u010dast\u011bji objevuje v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>St\u00e1t m\u011bl p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun person\u00e1lu.<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e1bor je st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/td>\n<td>Objevuj\u00ed se nov\u00e9 n\u00e1borov\u00e9 strategie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eivota mnoha mlad\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f.<\/td>\n<td>Vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba je v\u011bdom\u00e9 profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/td>\n<td>Vztah mezi spole\u010dnost\u00ed a arm\u00e1dou se m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Kdy\u017e voj\u00e1ci p\u0159ijdou do t\u0159\u00eddy<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se dnes v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch objev\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, obvykle to nejsou n\u00e1bor\u00e1\u0159i v tradi\u010dn\u00edm slova smyslu. Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o takzvan\u00e9 d\u016fstojn\u00edky ml\u00e1de\u017ee Bundeswehru. Tato zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed funkce existuje ji\u017e od konce 50. let 20. stolet\u00ed. Jejich ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fakolem je poskytovat informace o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice a v\u00e9st diskuse s mlad\u00fdmi lidmi.<\/p>\n<p>Str\u00e1\u017en\u00edci pro ml\u00e1de\u017e jsou vy\u0161kolen\u00ed policist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed absolvuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 pedagogick\u00e9 \u0161kolen\u00ed. Nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed \u0161koly, univerzity a centra politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kde p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nebo se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed diskusn\u00edch akc\u00ed. T\u00e9mata zahrnuj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konflikty, alian\u010dn\u00ed politiku, roli NATO a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed situaci v Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Form\u00e1ln\u011b je tato \u010dinnost pova\u017eov\u00e1na za politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Bundeswehr pravideln\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee d\u016fstojn\u00edci pro ml\u00e1de\u017e by nem\u011bli prov\u00e1d\u011bt p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd n\u00e1bor mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed. P\u016fsob\u00ed jako \u0159e\u010dn\u00edci, nikoli jako kari\u00e9rn\u00ed poradci.<\/p>\n<p>Jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm sektoru je v\u0161ak v posledn\u00edch letech mnohem viditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika jako t\u00e9ma v\u00fduky<\/h3>\n<p>Akce se z\u00e1stupci ml\u00e1de\u017ee se obvykle konaj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, jako je politika, spole\u010densk\u00e9 v\u011bdy nebo d\u011bjepis. U\u010ditel\u00e9 mohou o takovou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu po\u017e\u00e1dat, pokud se cht\u011bj\u00ed t\u00e9matu v\u011bnovat hloub\u011bji - nap\u0159\u00edklad mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice nebo struktu\u0159e NATO.<\/p>\n<p>Typick\u00fd program je pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd: \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk nejprve p\u0159ednese prezentaci o aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdvoji bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky. Pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje diskusn\u00ed kolo, v n\u011bm\u017e mohou \u017e\u00e1ci kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n<p>Nejde jen o vojensk\u00e9 aspekty. \u010casto se v\u011bnuje tak\u00e9 politick\u00fdm rozhodovac\u00edm proces\u016fm, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm organizac\u00edm a roli N\u011bmecka v glob\u00e1ln\u00edch konfliktech.<\/p>\n<p>Pro mnoho \u017e\u00e1k\u016f je takov\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm kontaktem s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkem ozbrojen\u00fdch sil.<\/p>\n<h3>Simula\u010dn\u00ed hry a simulace konflikt\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Krom\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek existuj\u00ed i interaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed form\u00e1ty. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd je <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/POL%26IS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Simula\u010dn\u00ed hra POL&amp;IS<\/strong><\/a> - Politika a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost. Jedn\u00e1 se o simulaci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiky.<\/p>\n<p>Studenti se v t\u00e9to h\u0159e uj\u00edmaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch rol\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad vl\u00e1dy st\u00e1tu nebo \u0161\u00e9fa mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace. Mus\u00ed rozhodovat o hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji, diplomatick\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch nebo konfliktech v oblasti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky. Diskutuje se tak\u00e9 o tom, jakou roli mohou v ur\u010dit\u00fdch situac\u00edch hr\u00e1t vojensk\u00e9 prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n<p>Smyslem t\u011bchto simula\u010dn\u00edch her je usnadnit pochopen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch politick\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politika se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z mnoha vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00fdch faktor\u016f - ekonomiky, diplomacie, environment\u00e1ln\u00edch ot\u00e1zek a vojensk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti. Tuto slo\u017eitost lze \u010dasto n\u00e1zorn\u011bji p\u0159edstavit v simulaci ne\u017e p\u0159i tradi\u010dn\u00ed diskusi ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b. Tyto form\u00e1ty jsou v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011btem kritiky.<\/p>\n<h3>Tenk\u00e1 hranice mezi informacemi a prezentac\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee simula\u010dn\u00ed hry nebo prezentace mohou n\u011bkdy vojensk\u00e9 aspekty zobrazovat p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozitivn\u011b. Kdy\u017e jsou konflikty simulov\u00e1ny hravou formou, hroz\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee se realita vojensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed ztrat\u00ed ze z\u0159etele.<\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00ed to vid\u00ed jinak. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na tehdy, kdy\u017e zahrnuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 perspektivy. \u00dahel pohledu ozbrojen\u00fdch slo\u017eek m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 hr\u00e1t roli, pokud se o n\u011bm v hodin\u00e1ch kriticky diskutuje.<\/p>\n<p>Tato debata ukazuje, o jak citliv\u00e9 t\u00e9ma se jedn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Exkurze a setk\u00e1n\u00ed mimo t\u0159\u00eddu<\/h3>\n<p>Krom\u011b n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch existuje je\u0161t\u011b jedna forma setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed: exkurze na z\u00e1kladny Bundeswehru. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0161koly organizuj\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy kas\u00e1ren nebo vojensk\u00fdch v\u00fdcvikov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u017d\u00e1ci si mohou nap\u0159\u00edklad prohl\u00e9dnout technick\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed, promluvit si s voj\u00e1ky nebo nahl\u00e9dnout do v\u00fdcvikov\u00fdch proces\u016f. Pro mnoh\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 lidi je to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost poznat instituci, kter\u00e1 se jinak zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt sp\u00ed\u0161e abstraktn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy jsou organiz\u00e1tory \u010dasto pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za informa\u010dn\u00ed nab\u00eddky. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. Kritici n\u011bkdy hovo\u0159\u00ed o jak\u00e9msi \u201ez\u00e1\u017eitkov\u00e9m charakteru\u201c, d\u00edky n\u011bmu\u017e by se vojensk\u00e9 struktury mohly jevit jako mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Zda je toto hodnocen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u010di nikoli, z\u00e1vis\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry na skute\u010dn\u00e9 organizaci takov\u00fdch akc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak \u010dasto se takov\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy konaj\u00ed?<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159esn\u00fd po\u010det n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv \u0161kol se v jednotliv\u00fdch letech li\u0161\u00ed. Odhaduje se, \u017ee \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci pro ml\u00e1de\u017e v N\u011bmecku ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b oslov\u00ed des\u00edtky tis\u00edc \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Celkem se konaj\u00ed tis\u00edce akc\u00ed - nejen na \u0161kol\u00e1ch, ale tak\u00e9 na univerzit\u00e1ch nebo v politick\u00fdch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch instituc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u0161kola za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 takov\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy pravideln\u011b. Sp\u00ed\u0161e to do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jednotliv\u00fdch u\u010ditel\u00edch, region\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch nebo konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch v\u00fdukov\u00fdch projektech.<\/p>\n<p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch jsou tyto akce ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fduky politiky. V jin\u00fdch se nevyu\u010duj\u00ed v\u016fbec.<\/p>\n<h3>Pohled \u0161kol<\/h3>\n<p>Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 praktick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka pro u\u010ditele a veden\u00ed \u0161kol: Kter\u00e9 extern\u00ed \u0159e\u010dn\u00edky je vhodn\u00e9 zv\u00e1t do t\u0159\u00edd?<br \/>\n\u0160koly pravideln\u011b spolupracuj\u00ed s hosty, jako jsou v\u011bdci, novin\u00e1\u0159i, politici nebo z\u00e1stupci firem. P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky nebo workshopy po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed tak\u00e9 organizace ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Bundeswehr je v tomto kontextu jednou z mnoha st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed. P\u0159esto se o jeho \u00faloze hovo\u0159\u00ed intenzivn\u011bji ne\u017e o \u00faloze ostatn\u00edch \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. D\u016fvod je z\u0159ejm\u00fd: arm\u00e1da nen\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm zam\u011bstnavatelem. Je to organizace, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze pou\u017e\u00edt s\u00edlu, aby h\u00e1jila st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy. Proto je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost v\u011bnov\u00e1na tomu, jak je organizov\u00e1na jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm sektoru.<\/p>\n<p>Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Bundeswehru legitimn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika je t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 se mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed dot\u00fdk\u00e1, a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 poznat r\u016fzn\u00e9 perspektivy.<\/p>\n<p>U ostatn\u00edch p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fd neklid. Kladou si ot\u00e1zku, zda jsou \u0161koly skute\u010dn\u011b t\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm m\u00edstem pro vojensk\u00e9 instituce - zejm\u00e9na v dob\u011b, kdy ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly aktivn\u011b hledaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 rekruty.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto r\u016fzn\u00e9 pohledy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee debata o n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1ch Bundeswehru ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b je nakonec sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 diskuse. Koneckonc\u016f, jakmile se st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce za\u010dnou v\u00edce anga\u017eovat ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, automaticky vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: jakou roli by v n\u011bm m\u011bly hr\u00e1t?<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto bod\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed rovina debaty, a to spolupr\u00e1ce Bundeswehru se vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politikou.<\/p>\n<h3>Formy kontaktu Bundeswehru se \u0161kolami<\/h3>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Form\u00e1t<\/th>\n<th>Popis<\/th>\n<th>C\u00edl<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Prezentace mlad\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Voj\u00e1ci vysv\u011btluj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiku a diskutuj\u00ed o n\u00ed s \u017e\u00e1ky.<\/td>\n<td>Politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Simula\u010dn\u00ed hry (nap\u0159. POL&amp;IS)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Simulace mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiky a rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o konfliktech.<\/td>\n<td>Srozumitelnost slo\u017eit\u00fdch politick\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Kari\u00e9rn\u00ed informace<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Informace o mo\u017enostech vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a kari\u00e9ry v Bundeswehru.<\/td>\n<td>Vzbudit z\u00e1jem o vojensk\u00e9 profese.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy kas\u00e1ren<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u017d\u00e1ci nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 m\u00edsta a hovo\u0159\u00ed s voj\u00e1ky.<\/td>\n<td>Nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a techniky ozbrojen\u00fdch sil.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Spolupr\u00e1ce mezi Bundeswehrem a ministerstvy \u0161kolstv\u00ed a kultury<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se voj\u00e1ci objev\u00ed ve v\u00fduce nebo kdy\u017e se ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch konaj\u00ed simula\u010dn\u00ed hry bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky, neb\u00fdv\u00e1 to zcela spont\u00e1nn\u00ed nebo n\u00e1hodn\u00e9. Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto aktivit jsou zalo\u017eeny na ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch dohod\u00e1ch mezi Bundeswehrem a ministerstvy \u0161kolstv\u00ed spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tato spolupr\u00e1ce nen\u00ed v N\u011bmecku tajn\u00fdm projektem ani novinkou. Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto dohod byly toti\u017e uzav\u0159eny ji\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e deseti lety, v\u011bt\u0161inou v letech 2008 a\u017e 2011, kdy se v n\u011bkolika spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00edch objevila snaha o siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9mat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky do v\u00fduky.<\/p>\n<p>My\u0161lenka, kter\u00e1 st\u00e1la za jeho vznikem, byla p\u016fvodn\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b pragmatick\u00e1: \u0161koly by m\u011bly m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup k odborn\u00fdm p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edm, pokud jde o ot\u00e1zky mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fvodem je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee u\u010debn\u00ed osnovy nyn\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed t\u00e9mata jako NATO, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konflikty, m\u00edrov\u00e9 mise a evropsk\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika. A pr\u00e1v\u011b zde byli mlad\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci Bundeswehru vn\u00edm\u00e1ni jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontaktn\u00ed osoby.<\/p>\n<h3>Obsah dohod<\/h3>\n<p>Dohody o spolupr\u00e1ci mezi Bundeswehrem a ministerstvy \u0161kolstv\u00ed upravuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm organiza\u010dn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. Ur\u010duj\u00ed podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch mohou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci ml\u00e1de\u017ee nav\u0161t\u011bvovat \u0161koly a jakou roli mohou hr\u00e1t. Jedn\u00edm z \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edch bod\u016f je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy to, \u017ee odpov\u011bdnost za v\u00fdchovu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pln\u011b na \u0161kole. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b to znamen\u00e1<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>U\u010ditel\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00ed o tom, zda pozvou pracovn\u00edka pro ml\u00e1de\u017e.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e9ma a program akce ur\u010duje \u0161kola.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva je dobrovoln\u00e1 a je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdukov\u00e9ho projektu u\u010ditele.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V mnoha dohod\u00e1ch je nav\u00edc v\u00fdslovn\u011b zd\u016frazn\u011bno, \u017ee \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci pro ml\u00e1de\u017e by nem\u011bli p\u0159\u00edmo nab\u00edrat nov\u00e9 rekruty. Podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed je jejich \u00fakolem vysv\u011btlovat souvislosti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky a usnad\u0148ovat diskuse. Bundeswehr proto tuto pr\u00e1ci ch\u00e1pe jako p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k politick\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u00ed\u0165 kontakt\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>V praxi takov\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce \u010dasto vede k relativn\u011b stabiln\u00edm s\u00edt\u00edm. Pracovn\u00edci pro ml\u00e1de\u017e pravideln\u011b spolupracuj\u00ed s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi \u0161kolami, u\u010ditel\u00e9 znaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 kontakty v Bundeswehru a n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdukov\u00e9 jednotky se v podobn\u00e9 podob\u011b opakuj\u00ed po cel\u00e1 l\u00e9ta.<\/p>\n<p>To m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pro \u0161koly jist\u011b praktick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. T\u00e9mata bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky pat\u0159\u00ed ke slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm oblastem politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Extern\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed mohou pomoci vysv\u011btlit aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj nebo poskytnout praktick\u00e9 poznatky. S podporou zku\u0161en\u00fdch moder\u00e1tor\u016f lze tak\u00e9 snadn\u011bji organizovat simula\u010dn\u00ed hry nebo diskusn\u00ed akce.<\/p>\n<p>Z pohledu Bundeswehru m\u00e1 tato s\u00ed\u0165 tak\u00e9 jasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos: Je to p\u0159\u00edstup k mlad\u00fdm lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o politick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a chystaj\u00ed se p\u0159ej\u00edt do pracovn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<h3>Citliv\u00e9 t\u00e9ma v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Navzdory t\u00e9to organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktu\u0159e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi arm\u00e1dou a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politikou citlivou ot\u00e1zkou. V N\u011bmecku si vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed sektor tradi\u010dn\u011b velmi r\u00e1d zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 politickou neutralitu.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160koly by m\u011bly b\u00fdt m\u00edstem, kde lze diskutovat o r\u016fzn\u00fdch perspektiv\u00e1ch - bez dominantn\u00edho vlivu jedn\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 stav\u00ed kriticky ke spolupr\u00e1ci s n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi ozbrojen\u00fdmi silami. Kladou si ot\u00e1zku, zda by arm\u00e1da m\u011bla b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u011b t\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm partnerem pro politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00ed to naopak jako probl\u00e9m nevid\u00ed. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee zejm\u00e9na ot\u00e1zky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky nelze projedn\u00e1vat bez pohledu ozbrojen\u00fdch sil. Kdy\u017e studenti hovo\u0159\u00ed o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konfliktech nebo obrann\u00e9 politice, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt smysl zapojit i n\u011bkoho, kdo se t\u011bmito ot\u00e1zkami profesn\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Rozd\u00edln\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy ve spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00edch<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed bod, kter\u00fd je ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 diskusi n\u011bkdy p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een: Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politika v N\u011bmecku je z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee neexistuje jednotn\u00e1 \u00faprava pro celou zemi.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 spolkov\u00e9 zem\u011b udr\u017euj\u00ed s Bundeswehrem pom\u011brn\u011b \u00fazkou spolupr\u00e1ci. Jin\u00e9 zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup nebo se v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na alternativn\u00ed formy politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech jsou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f pro ml\u00e1de\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pravideln\u00e9ho programu pro \u0161koly. V jin\u00fdch spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00edch jsou takov\u00e9 akce organizov\u00e1ny m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto nebo jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed diskuse.<\/p>\n<p>Tento feder\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m znamen\u00e1, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost Bundeswehru v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u0161koly se m\u016f\u017ee zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161it.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00daloha samotn\u00fdch \u0161kol<\/h3>\n<p>V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku je rozhodnut\u00ed \u010dasto na samotn\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Veden\u00ed \u0161koly a pedagogi\u010dt\u00ed pracovn\u00edci rozhoduj\u00ed o tom, kte\u0159\u00ed extern\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed budou pozv\u00e1ni a kter\u00e1 t\u00e9mata se budou ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b prob\u00edrat hloub\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0161koly pravideln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed programy Bundeswehru, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro simula\u010dn\u00ed hry nebo diskuze o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politice. Jin\u00e9 od toho z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b upou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se \u0161koly dokonce v\u00fdslovn\u011b rozhodly, \u017ee nebudou po\u0159\u00e1dat akce s vojensk\u00fdmi \u0159e\u010dn\u00edky. Iniciativy jako \u201e\u0160koly bez Bundeswehru\u201c vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed instituce, aby takov\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy odm\u00edtaly.<\/p>\n<p>To obvykle nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed d\u016fsledky. \u0160koly si v podstat\u011b mohou organizovat v\u00fduku podle sv\u00e9ho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Debata o vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm posl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Cel\u00fd tento v\u00fdvoj ukazuje, \u017ee spolupr\u00e1ce mezi Bundeswehrem a \u0161kolami je nakonec sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed diskuse: Co p\u0159esn\u011b je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>M\u011bli by se \u017e\u00e1ci p\u0159i v\u00fduce o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politice u\u010dit tak\u00e9 o perspektiv\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed? Nebo by si v\u00fduka m\u011bla z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b udr\u017eovat odstup od vojensk\u00fdch organizac\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>Na tyto ot\u00e1zky nelze odpov\u011bd\u011bt jednoduch\u00fdm ano nebo ne. Dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed se z\u00e1kladn\u00edch my\u0161lenek o \u00faloze, kterou \u0161koly hraj\u00ed v demokratick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed proto divu, \u017ee se do t\u00e9to debaty st\u00e1le v\u00edce zapojuj\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f, m\u00edrov\u00e9 iniciativy a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed organizace. Pro n\u011b je zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: Kolik vojska m\u016f\u017ee vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed sektor sn\u00e9st?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5154\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Zusammenarbeit.jpg\" alt=\"Spolupr\u00e1ce mezi politikou a arm\u00e1dou\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Zusammenarbeit.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Zusammenarbeit-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Zusammenarbeit-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Zusammenarbeit-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Kritika a protich\u016fdn\u00e9 postoje - debata s mnoha hlasy<\/h2>\n<p>Jakmile se st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce za\u010dnou v\u00edce anga\u017eovat ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 automaticky vznik\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 debata. To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b arm\u00e1dy. Reakce na akce Bundeswehru na \u0161kol\u00e1ch se podle toho li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 to pova\u017euj\u00ed za legitimn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, jin\u00ed se vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed jasn\u011b kriticky. Mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma pozicemi se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 debata, kter\u00e1 se net\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politiky, ale tak\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek vztahu mezi arm\u00e1dou, st\u00e1tem a spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Proto stoj\u00ed za to pod\u00edvat se bl\u00ed\u017ee na nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed argumenty obou stran.<\/p>\n<h3>Kritika ze strany u\u010ditelsk\u00fdch sdru\u017een\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejhlasit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hlas\u016f v t\u00e9to diskusi jsou u\u010ditelsk\u00e9 asociace. Zejm\u00e9na N\u011bmeck\u00fd odborov\u00fd svaz pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u011bdu (GEW) vyjad\u0159uje obavy z p\u0159\u00edtomnosti Bundeswehru ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch ji\u017e \u0159adu let.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem kritiky je, \u017ee politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bli organizovat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sami u\u010ditel\u00e9, nikoliv z\u00e1stupci st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy.<\/p>\n<p>Podle kritik\u016f hroz\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee se \u017e\u00e1ci sezn\u00e1m\u00ed s jednostrann\u00fdm pohledem na v\u011bc. Vojensk\u00e9 instituce maj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b ur\u010dit\u00fd pohled na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konflikty, obrannou politiku nebo bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed strategie.<\/p>\n<p>U\u010ditelsk\u00e9 asociace proto argumentuj\u00ed, \u017ee by se tato t\u00e9mata m\u011bla ve v\u00fduce posuzovat z r\u016fzn\u00fdch hledisek - nap\u0159\u00edklad z politologick\u00e9ho, historick\u00e9ho nebo m\u00edrov\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho hlediska.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed bod se t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u011bku c\u00edlov\u00e9 skupiny. \u017d\u00e1ci jsou st\u00e1le ve f\u00e1zi politick\u00e9 orientace. Kritici proto varuj\u00ed, \u017ee by vojensk\u00e9 instituce mohly z\u00edskat ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00edrov\u00e9 iniciativy a skupiny ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti<\/h3>\n<p>Krom\u011b u\u010ditelsk\u00fdch sdru\u017een\u00ed se pravideln\u011b oz\u00fdvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 m\u00edrov\u00e9 iniciativy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 organizace z tohoto prost\u0159ed\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed o \u201emilitarizaci vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho sektoru\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vojensk\u00e1 t\u00e9mata jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159\u00edtomna v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u0161koly - a\u0165 u\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek, simula\u010dn\u00edch her nebo spolupr\u00e1ce se st\u00e1tn\u00edmi institucemi.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto skupiny stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou: m\u011bly by vojensk\u00e9 organizace v\u016fbec hr\u00e1t ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b n\u011bjakou roli?<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u00edrov\u00e9 iniciativy tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161koly by m\u011bly b\u00fdt z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b m\u00edstem, kde se \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konflikt\u016f, diplomacie a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce dostanou do pop\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1jmu. Podle jejich n\u00e1zoru by vojensk\u00e9 perspektivy mohly b\u00fdt \u0161patn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem, zejm\u00e9na v dob\u011b rostouc\u00edho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto skupin se aktivn\u011b zapojuj\u00ed do kampan\u00ed, jako je \u201e\u0160kola bez Bundeswehru\u201c, kter\u00e1 vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0161koly, aby nep\u0159ij\u00edmaly n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f ml\u00e1de\u017ee.<\/p>\n<h3>Kritika ze strany organizac\u00ed na ochranu pr\u00e1v d\u011bt\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed bod kritiky se t\u00fdk\u00e1 skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee Bundeswehr cvi\u010d\u00ed i sedmn\u00e1ctilet\u00e9 dobrovoln\u00edky. P\u0159esto\u017ee tito nezletil\u00ed nesm\u011bj\u00ed b\u00fdt nasazeni do bojov\u00fdch mis\u00ed, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ji\u017e s vojensk\u00fdm v\u00fdcvikem.<\/p>\n<p>Organizace na ochranu pr\u00e1v d\u011bt\u00ed jsou n\u011bkdy k t\u00e9to praxi kritick\u00e9. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli b\u00fdt zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bni, pokud jde o vojensk\u00e9 struktury a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nasazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch debat\u00e1ch se \u010dasto diskutuje o tom, zda by st\u00e1ty m\u011bly do sv\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil nasazovat pouze plnolet\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky. N\u011bmecko se zde pohybuje v pr\u00e1vn\u011b p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9m r\u00e1mci, ale debata z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eiv\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Hlavn\u00ed obavy kritik\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Shrneme-li v\u0161echny tyto argumenty, vykrystalizuje jeden hlavn\u00ed bod: kritici se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee by se \u0161koly mohly st\u00e1t m\u00edstem nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho n\u00e1boru.<\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e ml\u00e1de\u017eni\u010dt\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci ofici\u00e1ln\u011b nenab\u00edraj\u00ed mlad\u00e9 lidi, jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost by sama o sob\u011b mohla m\u00edt pozitivn\u00ed vliv na image Bundeswehru. Zejm\u00e9na pokud se sou\u010dasn\u011b diskutuje o mo\u017enostech kari\u00e9ry nebo o programech technick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z tohoto pohledu je hranice mezi informacemi a reklamou vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako neostr\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Protiargumenty<\/h3>\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b existuj\u00ed stejn\u011b jasn\u00e9 protich\u016fdn\u00e9 postoje. Mnoz\u00ed politici, odborn\u00edci na vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a dokonce i n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed kritiku za p\u0159ehnanou. Argumentuj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika je skute\u010dnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed politick\u00fdch diskus\u00ed. Maj\u00ed-li \u017e\u00e1ci porozum\u011bt mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm konflikt\u016fm, struktur\u00e1m NATO nebo vojensk\u00fdm alianc\u00edm, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 sezn\u00e1mit je s perspektivou ozbrojen\u00fdch sil.<\/p>\n<p>Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje se tak\u00e9, \u017ee str\u00e1\u017en\u00edci pro ml\u00e1de\u017e nep\u016fsob\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b sami. U\u010ditel\u00e9 mohou moderovat diskuse, kl\u00e1st kritick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky nebo p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et dal\u0161\u00ed pohledy. Politick\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se da\u0159\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f pohledu.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed bod se t\u00fdk\u00e1 demokratick\u00e9 kontroly Bundeswehru. N\u011bmecko pova\u017euje sv\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly za \u201eparlamentn\u00ed arm\u00e1du\u201c, kter\u00e1 je pevn\u011b integrov\u00e1na do demokratick\u00fdch struktur st\u00e1tu. Z tohoto pohledu se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt zcela legitimn\u00ed, aby se voj\u00e1ci pod\u00edleli tak\u00e9 na politick\u00e9m vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi reproduktory<\/h3>\n<p>Zast\u00e1nci t\u00e9to my\u0161lenky tak\u00e9 kladou jednoduchou protiot\u00e1zku: pro\u010d by m\u011bli b\u00fdt vylou\u010deni vojen\u0161t\u00ed \u0159e\u010dn\u00edci, kdy\u017e \u0161koly pravideln\u011b zvou z\u00e1stupce jin\u00fdch instituc\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>Novin\u00e1\u0159i informuj\u00ed o pr\u00e1ci m\u00e9di\u00ed, podnikatel\u00e9 vysv\u011btluj\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy, ekologick\u00e9 organizace hovo\u0159\u00ed o klimatick\u00e9 politice. V mnoha oblastech je zapojen\u00ed extern\u00edch odborn\u00edk\u016f ji\u017e dlouho sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota \u0161koly.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1-li b\u00fdt politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed realistick\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt dokonce smysl umo\u017enit r\u016fzn\u00fdm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm akt\u00e9r\u016fm vyj\u00e1d\u0159it se - pokud jsou jejich v\u00fdroky kriticky diskutov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyv\u00e1\u017eenost pro \u0161koly<\/h3>\n<p>V praxi se proto \u0161koly \u010dasto pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s balancov\u00e1n\u00edm na hran\u011b. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b by m\u011bly politick\u00e1 t\u00e9mata prezentovat co nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b mus\u00ed zajistit, aby \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 instituce nem\u011bla dominantn\u00ed vliv.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho u\u010ditel\u016f \u0159e\u0161\u00ed tento probl\u00e9m pragmaticky: vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed extern\u00ed \u0159e\u010dn\u00edky, ale jejich p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky kombinuj\u00ed s kritick\u00fdmi diskusemi nebo dopl\u0148kov\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly. To \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm umo\u017e\u0148uje poznat r\u016fzn\u00e9 perspektivy a vytvo\u0159it si vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor. To je nakonec j\u00e1drem demokratick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Debata bez jednoduch\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1te na r\u016fzn\u00e9 argumenty, rychle zjist\u00edte, \u017ee diskusi o n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1ch Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch nelze omezit na pouh\u00e1 hesla.<\/p>\n<p>Dot\u00fdk\u00e1 se z\u00e1sadn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek, jak by m\u011blo b\u00fdt politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed organizov\u00e1no, jakou roli mohou ve v\u00fduce hr\u00e1t st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce a jak jsou mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 seznamov\u00e1ni se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi spole\u010densk\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto bude tato debata pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjakou dobu pokra\u010dovat. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee do t\u00e9to diskuse se nyn\u00ed v\u00edce zapojuj\u00ed i samotn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci. \u0160koln\u00ed st\u00e1vky proti pl\u00e1n\u016fm vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u00e1 generace za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 formulovat sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed postoje.<\/p>\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se \u010d\u00e1st debaty p\u0159esouv\u00e1 z u\u010deben do ulic - a pr\u00e1v\u011b tam se pod\u00edv\u00e1me bl\u00ed\u017ee v dal\u0161\u00ed kapitole.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5155\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Diskussion.jpg\" alt=\"Debata o Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Diskussion.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Diskussion-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Diskussion-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Diskussion-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Argumenty kritik\u016f a zast\u00e1nc\u016f Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Argumenty kritik\u016f<\/th>\n<th>Argument zast\u00e1nc\u016f<\/th>\n<th>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vojensk\u00e9 instituce by nem\u011bly m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke student\u016fm.<\/td>\n<td>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011bla by b\u00fdt vysv\u011btlena.<\/td>\n<td>Pat\u0159\u00ed arm\u00e1da do oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Na mlad\u00e9 lidi by voj\u00e1ci mohli m\u00edt pozitivn\u00ed vliv.<\/td>\n<td>Studenti jsou schopni kriticky diskutovat o r\u016fzn\u00fdch perspektiv\u00e1ch.<\/td>\n<td>Jak siln\u00fd je vliv extern\u00edch \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk\u016f?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Bundeswehru by mohly b\u00fdt nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm n\u00e1borem.<\/td>\n<td>Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci pro ml\u00e1de\u017e pouze k poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed politick\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/td>\n<td>Kde kon\u010d\u00ed informace a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 reklama?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0160koly by m\u011bly z\u016fstat co nejm\u00e9n\u011b vojensk\u00e9.<\/td>\n<td>Ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b se objevuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce.<\/td>\n<td>Kter\u00e9 extern\u00ed subjekty jsou ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Nov\u00e9 protestn\u00ed hnut\u00ed: \u0161koln\u00ed st\u00e1vky proti pl\u00e1n\u016fm vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/h2>\n<p>V posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch byl zaznamen\u00e1n v\u00fdvoj, kter\u00fd byl v t\u00e9to podob\u011b dlouho sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd: studenti se op\u011bt st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed politick\u00fdch protest\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f jsou diskuse o nov\u00fdch modelech vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby v N\u011bmecku.<\/p>\n<p>Vn\u011bkolika n\u011bmeck\u00fdch m\u011bstech byly <a href=\"https:\/\/schulstreikgegenwehrpflicht.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0160koln\u00ed st\u00e1vky proti mo\u017en\u00fdm reform\u00e1m vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/strong><\/a>. Tis\u00edce mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed opustily b\u011bhem vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u0161koly, aby se z\u00fa\u010dastnily demonstrac\u00ed. Jejich c\u00edlem bylo upozornit na mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky nov\u00fdch koncepc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky a vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u016fj nesouhlas s p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm n\u00e1vratem k povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto protesty ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee ot\u00e1zky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky nyn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed i generaci, kter\u00e1 dlouho nem\u011bla p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd kontakt s vojenskou problematikou.<\/p>\n<h3>Souvislosti: Nov\u00e9 modely vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/h3>\n<p>Protesty vyvolaly politick\u00e9 diskuse o nov\u00e9m modelu vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Po zru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby v roce 2011 je nyn\u00ed Bundeswehr zalo\u017een na dobrovoln\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b. Vzhledem ke zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed situaci v Evrop\u011b v\u0161ak politici ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu diskutuj\u00ed o mo\u017enostech \u00fapravy tohoto syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1vrh\u016f je nejprve napsat v\u0161em mlad\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm v ro\u010dn\u00edku a zeptat se jich na jejich ochotu vykon\u00e1vat vojenskou slu\u017ebu. Takov\u00fd dotazn\u00edk by shrom\u00e1\u017edil informace o z\u00e1jmu, kvalifikaci a zdravotn\u00edch po\u017eadavc\u00edch. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u016f by pak st\u00e1t mohl rozhodnout, zda a kolik mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt do dobrovoln\u00e9 slu\u017eby p\u0159ijato.<\/p>\n<p>V politick\u00e9 debat\u011b je tento model \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1n za jak\u00fdsi mezistupe\u0148. Pokud by se dlouhodob\u011b nena\u0161el dostatek dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f, mohl by z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce teoreticky zv\u00e1\u017eit i reaktivaci povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato mo\u017enost vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 u mnoha mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed obavy.<\/p>\n<h3>Demonstrace v mnoha m\u011bstech<\/h3>\n<p>V prosinci 2025 se proto zvedla velk\u00e1 vlna protest\u016f. Studenti uspo\u0159\u00e1dali demonstrace ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch m\u011bstech. Podle odhad\u016f se akc\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastnilo celkem asi 55 000 mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Protesty se konaly v Berl\u00edn\u011b, Hamburku, Kol\u00edn\u011b nad R\u00fdnem, D\u00fcsseldorfu, Mnichov\u011b, Stuttgartu a Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fanech. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u011bstech se se\u0161lo n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Demonstrace byly \u010dasto organizov\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. Skupiny student\u016f se propojovaly online, \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily v\u00fdzvy ke st\u00e1vk\u00e1m a koordinovaly m\u00edsta setk\u00e1n\u00ed pro spole\u010dn\u00e1 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoz\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci nesli transparenty s hesly proti povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b nebo proti rostouc\u00ed militarizaci politiky.<\/p>\n<h3>Politick\u00e1 anga\u017eovanost mlad\u00e9 generace<\/h3>\n<p>Pro mnoh\u00e9 pozorovatele byly tyto \u0161koln\u00ed st\u00e1vky zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem. Ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 se rozhodn\u011b zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o politick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky - zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e se jich sam\u00fdch mohou p\u0159\u00edmo t\u00fdkat.<\/p>\n<p>Diskuse o vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek: osobn\u00ed svobody, odpov\u011bdnosti st\u00e1tu, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a \u00falohy arm\u00e1dy v demokratick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ci o t\u011bchto ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch ve\u0159ejn\u011b diskutuj\u00ed, lze proto pova\u017eovat tak\u00e9 za projev \u017eiv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 kultury.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je zde patrn\u00fd genera\u010dn\u00ed konflikt. Mnoho mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed vyr\u016fstalo v dob\u011b, kdy vojensk\u00e1 problematika nehr\u00e1la v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dnou roli. Pro n\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt my\u0161lenka povinn\u00e9 slu\u017eby obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji pochopiteln\u00e1 ne\u017e pro star\u0161\u00ed generace, kter\u00e9 samy za\u017eily povinnou vojenskou nebo civiln\u00ed slu\u017ebu.<\/p>\n<h3>Protesty student\u016f proti mo\u017en\u00e9 povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b v m\u00e9di\u00edch<\/h3>\n<p>Ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed m\u00e9dia nyn\u00ed tak\u00e9 informuj\u00ed o rostouc\u00edch protestech mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed proti mo\u017en\u00fdm model\u016fm vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby. V \u010dl\u00e1nku v den\u00edku <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@tagesschau\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Denn\u00ed zpravodajstv\u00ed<\/a> ukazuje \u0161kol\u00e1ky v n\u011bkolika m\u011bstech, kte\u0159\u00ed vy\u0161li do ulic pod heslem \u201e\u0160koln\u00ed st\u00e1vka proti povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b\u201c. Mnoho mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed vyjad\u0159uje obavy, \u017ee nov\u00e1 povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba by mohla omezit jejich \u017eivotn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee a\u010dkoli se cht\u011bj\u00ed v z\u00e1sad\u011b zab\u00fdvat ot\u00e1zkami bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky, nepova\u017euj\u00ed vojenskou slu\u017ebu za povinnou.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_xP5tabk6g8c\"><div id=\"lyte_xP5tabk6g8c\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FxP5tabk6g8c%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/xP5tabk6g8c\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FxP5tabk6g8c%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nCelost\u00e1tn\u00ed demonstrace: Pro\u010d studenti protestuj\u00ed proti nov\u00e9mu z\u00e1konu o vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b?<\/p>\n<p>Video ukazuje rozhovory s \u017e\u00e1ky i dojmy z demonstrac\u00ed a jasn\u011b ukazuje, jak emotivn\u00ed a kontroverzn\u00ed je toto t\u00e9ma mezi mlad\u00fdmi lidmi.<\/p>\n<h3>Konflikt s povinnou \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zkou<\/h3>\n<p>St\u00e1vky ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch v\u0161ak vedly tak\u00e9 k praktick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce: Mohou \u017e\u00e1ci demonstrovat v dob\u011b vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>\u0160koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zka je v N\u011bmecku povinn\u00e1. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ci jsou povinni nav\u0161t\u011bvovat vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem vyu\u010dovac\u00edch hodin. Politick\u00e9 demonstrace se obvykle nepova\u017euj\u00ed za ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed omluvu.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0161kolsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady proto prohl\u00e1sily, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci st\u00e1vek mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za z\u00e1\u0161kol\u00e1ky. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech bylo poukazov\u00e1no na to, \u017ee absence se objev\u00ed na \u0161koln\u00edch vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00edch nebo \u017ee zame\u0161kan\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed testy bude nutn\u00e9 dohnat.<\/p>\n<p>Tento postoj byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b kritizov\u00e1n. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci a p\u0159\u00edznivci tvrdili, \u017ee politick\u00e1 anga\u017eovanost by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt zt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1na \u0161koln\u00edmi sankcemi. Poukazovali na to, \u017ee i jin\u00e1 protestn\u00ed hnut\u00ed - nap\u0159\u00edklad klimatick\u00e9 demonstrace - se n\u011bkdy odehr\u00e1vala b\u011bhem \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fduky.<\/p>\n<h3>Rozprava o politick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dasti<\/h3>\n<p>V d\u016fsledku toho se ze st\u00e1vek ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch rychle vyvinula druh\u00e1 diskuse: ot\u00e1zka politick\u00e9 participace mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>M\u011bli by \u017e\u00e1ci vyjad\u0159ovat sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy pouze mimo vyu\u010dovac\u00ed hodiny? Nebo je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed demokratick\u00e9 kultury, aby mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 upozor\u0148ovali ve\u0159ejnost na spole\u010densk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my i b\u011bhem vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>Jak u\u017e to tak b\u00fdv\u00e1, i zde se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pohledy na v\u011bc. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 politickou anga\u017eovanost v z\u00e1sad\u011b podporuj\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161koly pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed jasn\u00e1 pravidla. Jin\u00ed pova\u017euj\u00ed za problematick\u00e9, kdy\u017e je vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed pravideln\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161ov\u00e1no demonstracemi.<\/p>\n<h3>Znak spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny<\/h3>\n<p>Bez ohledu na to, jak tyto ot\u00e1zky hodnot\u00edme, st\u00e1vky ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch jasn\u011b ukazuj\u00ed jednu v\u011bc: ot\u00e1zky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky se op\u011bt dostaly do pop\u0159ed\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debaty.<\/p>\n<p>Generace, kter\u00e1 dlouho nem\u011bla k vojensk\u00e9 problematice p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vztah, se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 t\u011bmito t\u00e9maty zab\u00fdvat. Objevuj\u00ed se nov\u00e1 politick\u00e1 hnut\u00ed, nov\u00e9 argumenty a nov\u00e9 formy anga\u017eovanosti.<\/p>\n<p>To p\u0159edstavuje pro sektor vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvu. \u0160koly jsou nejen m\u00edstem vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 m\u00edstem, kde se zviditel\u0148uje spole\u010densk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 za\u010dnou diskutovat o vojensk\u00e9 politice, vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b nebo mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konfliktech, automaticky vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: Jak se mohou \u0161koly s takov\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi debatami vypo\u0159\u00e1dat?<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to situaci se dnes nach\u00e1z\u00ed mnoho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch instituc\u00ed - mezi v\u00fdukou, politick\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm a generac\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed si st\u00e1le v\u00edce formuluj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed postoje.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5156\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Demonstration.jpg\" alt=\"St\u00e1vky a demonstrace proti Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Demonstration.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Demonstration-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Demonstration-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Demonstration-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0160koly mezi politick\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm a politick\u00fdm n\u00e1tlakem<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1ch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, politick\u00fdch diskus\u00edch ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch nebo studentsk\u00fdch demonstrac\u00edch, d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji se dostaneme k z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zce: Jakou roli by vlastn\u011b m\u011bly \u0161koly hr\u00e1t v politick\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch?<\/p>\n<p>\u0160koly maj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed posl\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u011bly by p\u0159ed\u00e1vat znalosti, podporovat kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed a pom\u00e1hat mlad\u00fdm lidem utv\u00e1\u0159et si vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zory. P\u0159edm\u011bty jako politika, d\u011bjepis a spole\u010densk\u00e9 v\u011bdy se proto nevyhnuteln\u011b zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdmi konflikty, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm v\u00fdvojem a st\u00e1tn\u00edmi institucemi.<\/p>\n<p>Politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je proto p\u0159irozenou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota \u0161koly. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 mus\u00ed \u0161koly db\u00e1t na to, aby v\u00fduka nevedla k jednostrann\u00e9mu ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. U\u010ditel\u00e9 by m\u011bli vysv\u011btlovat t\u00e9mata, prezentovat perspektivy a moderovat diskuse - nem\u011bli by v\u0161ak v\u00e9st politick\u00e9 kampan\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to oblasti nap\u011bt\u00ed se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoho sou\u010dasn\u00fdch debat.<\/p>\n<h3>U\u010ditel\u00e9 na poli nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Pro u\u010ditele je tato situace \u010dasto n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e by se zven\u010d\u00ed mohlo zd\u00e1t. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b se mus\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b zab\u00fdvat aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm politick\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b mus\u00ed db\u00e1t na to, aby byly r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fahly pohledu n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b zohledn\u011bny.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud je nap\u0159\u00edklad k rozhovoru o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice p\u0159izv\u00e1n pracovn\u00edk pro ml\u00e1de\u017e, automaticky vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: Jak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed perspektivy by m\u011bly b\u00fdt do v\u00fduky zahrnuty?<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 se proto v\u011bdom\u011b rozhodnou nechat zazn\u00edt v\u00edce hlas\u016f. Krom\u011b z\u00e1stupc\u016f st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed jsou zv\u00e1ni nap\u0159\u00edklad akademici, novin\u00e1\u0159i nebo z\u00e1stupci nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed. T\u00edm se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed obraz politick\u00e9 diskuse.<\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00e9 \u0161koly jsou opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a obecn\u011b se vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed extern\u00edm \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm z oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kontroverzn\u00ed.<br \/>\nV n\u011bmeck\u00e9m vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm syst\u00e9mu jsou mo\u017en\u00e9 ob\u011b cesty.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1ci mezi z\u00e1vazkem a povinnou \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zkou<\/h3>\n<p>Pro \u017e\u00e1ky je zde tak\u00e9 oblast nap\u011bt\u00ed. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b se od nich o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se budou zaj\u00edmat o spole\u010densk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a porozum\u00ed demokratick\u00fdm proces\u016fm. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b st\u00e1le plat\u00ed povinn\u00e1 \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zka.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se politick\u00e9 protesty - jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161koln\u00ed st\u00e1vky proti pl\u00e1n\u016fm vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby - konaj\u00ed b\u011bhem vyu\u010dovac\u00edch hodin, doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke st\u0159etu t\u011bchto dvou z\u00e1sad. Politick\u00e1 anga\u017eovanost se st\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1 s organiza\u010dn\u00edmi pravidly \u0161koln\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci to pova\u017euj\u00ed za rozpor. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee demokracie z\u00e1vis\u00ed tak\u00e9 na tom, aby mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 mohli ve\u0159ejn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u00e9 obavy. Jin\u00ed akceptuj\u00ed povinnou \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zku jako nezbytn\u00fd z\u00e1klad funguj\u00edc\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>Pro \u0161koly tato situace \u010dasto znamen\u00e1 pohybovat se na hran\u011b mezi pochopen\u00edm politick\u00e9ho z\u00e1vazku a prosazov\u00e1n\u00edm jasn\u00fdch pravidel.<\/p>\n<h3>Odm\u00edtnut\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv Bundeswehru<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm projevem tohoto nap\u011bt\u00ed je ot\u00e1zka, zda \u0161koly v\u016fbec cht\u011bj\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dat akce s Bundeswehrem.<\/p>\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0161koly rozhodly tyto n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy neorganizovat. Iniciativy jako \u201e\u0160koly bez Bundeswehru\u201c vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed instituce, aby nezvaly vojensk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010dn\u00edky. \u010casto je to zd\u016fvod\u0148ov\u00e1no snahou udr\u017eet \u0161koly co nejv\u00edce neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00e9 \u0161koly to vid\u00ed jinak. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na tehdy, kdy\u017e se \u017e\u00e1ci u\u010d\u00ed o r\u016fzn\u00fdch perspektiv\u00e1ch. To by mohlo zahrnovat i pohled st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee oba postoje odkazuj\u00ed na stejn\u00fd princip - toti\u017e na vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed posl\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kol. Zat\u00edmco jedni zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed neutralitu, druz\u00ed poukazuj\u00ed na v\u00fdznam pluralitn\u00ed diskuse.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-812 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 10px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-812 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o N\u011bmecku<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-812\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-list2 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"der zwei-plus-vier-vertrag, die nato und die bundeswehr: was gilt heute noch?\" data-id=\"4740\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland europa geopolitik krisen sicherheitspolitik spieltheorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/smlouva-dva-plus-ctyri-nato-a-bundeswehr-co-plati-dodnes\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Smlouva \"dva plus \u010dty\u0159i\", NATO a Bundeswehr: Co plat\u00ed dnes?<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zwei-Plus-Vier-Vertrag.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zwei-Plus-Vier-Vertrag.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zwei-Plus-Vier-Vertrag-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zwei-Plus-Vier-Vertrag-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zwei-Plus-Vier-Vertrag-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/smlouva-dva-plus-ctyri-nato-a-bundeswehr-co-plati-dodnes\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Smlouva \"dva plus \u010dty\u0159i\", NATO a Bundeswehr: Co plat\u00ed dnes?<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"russland, nato und die angst vor dem krieg: was sich belegen l\u00e4sst \u2013 und was nicht\" data-id=\"4801\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland energiepolitik eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/rusko-nato-a-strach-z-valky-co-lze-a-nelze-dokazat\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Rusko, NATO a strach z v\u00e1lky: co lze dok\u00e1zat - a co ne<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"NATO, Rusko a strach z v\u00e1lky\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/NATO-Russland.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/NATO-Russland.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/NATO-Russland-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/NATO-Russland-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/NATO-Russland-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/rusko-nato-a-strach-z-valky-co-lze-a-nelze-dokazat\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Rusko, NATO a strach z v\u00e1lky: co lze dok\u00e1zat - a co ne<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"wie war syrien vor dem krieg? wer regiert heute? was bedeutet das f\u00fcr gefl\u00fcchtete in deutschland?\" data-id=\"4628\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/jak-vypadala-syrie-pred-valkou-kdo-dnes-vladne-co-to-znamena-pro-uprchliky-v-nemecku\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Jak\u00e1 byla S\u00fdrie p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou? Kdo vl\u00e1dne dnes? Co to znamen\u00e1 pro uprchl\u00edky v N\u011bmecku?<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"S\u00fdrie a Dama\u0161ek\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Syrien-Damaskus.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Syrien-Damaskus.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Syrien-Damaskus-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Syrien-Damaskus-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Syrien-Damaskus-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/jak-vypadala-syrie-pred-valkou-kdo-dnes-vladne-co-to-znamena-pro-uprchliky-v-nemecku\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Jak\u00e1 byla S\u00fdrie p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou? Kdo vl\u00e1dne dnes? Co to znamen\u00e1 pro uprchl\u00edky v N\u011bmecku?<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"dauerkrise als normalzustand: wie narrative unsere wahrnehmung verzerren\" data-id=\"3840\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"buch deutschland energiepolitik erfahrungen europa krisen meinungsfreiheit pers\u00f6nlichkeitsentwicklung\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/permanentni-krize-jako-normalni-stav-jak-narativy-zkresluji-nase-vnimani\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Permanentn\u00ed krize jako norm\u00e1ln\u00ed stav: Jak narativy zkresluj\u00ed na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Permanentn\u00ed krize, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/dauerkrise-narrative.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/dauerkrise-narrative.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/dauerkrise-narrative-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/dauerkrise-narrative-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/dauerkrise-narrative-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/permanentni-krize-jako-normalni-stav-jak-narativy-zkresluji-nase-vnimani\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Permanentn\u00ed krize jako norm\u00e1ln\u00ed stav: Jak narativy zkresluj\u00ed na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Odpov\u011bdnost veden\u00ed \u0161koly<\/h3>\n<p>V praxi o tom \u010dasto rozhoduje veden\u00ed \u0161koly a pedagogi\u010dt\u00ed pracovn\u00edci. Ti ur\u010duj\u00ed, kter\u00e9 projekty se budou realizovat, kte\u0159\u00ed host\u00e9 budou pozv\u00e1ni a jak se budou politick\u00e1 t\u00e9mata prob\u00edrat ve v\u00fduce.<\/p>\n<p>Roli zde hraje mnoho faktor\u016f: region\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, osobn\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdukov\u00e9 projekty a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rodi\u010d\u016f a \u017e\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0158editel \u0161koly mus\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad zv\u00e1\u017eit, zda p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka Bundeswehru zapad\u00e1 do c\u00edl\u016f v\u00fduky nebo zda by mohla v\u00e9st ke kontroverz\u00edm mezi u\u010ditelsk\u00fdm sborem nebo rodi\u010di. Tato rozhodnut\u00ed jsou m\u00e1lokdy snadn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160kola jako zrcadlo spole\u010densk\u00fdch debat<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9: \u0161koly nejsou jen m\u00edstem, kde se p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed znalosti, ale tak\u00e9 zrcadlem spole\u010dnosti. Konflikty, diskuse a politick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my spole\u010dnosti se d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji objev\u00ed i ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke spor\u016fm o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiku, k demonstrac\u00edm nebo kdy\u017e cht\u011bj\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce vysv\u011btlit svou roli, nez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sektor vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nedot\u010den.<\/p>\n<p>To nutn\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee se \u0161koly samy st\u00e1vaj\u00ed politick\u00fdmi. St\u00e1vaj\u00ed se v\u0161ak m\u00edstem, kde se o politick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch diskutuje - n\u011bkdy intenzivn\u011bji, ne\u017e se p\u016fvodn\u011b pl\u00e1novalo.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>Pro u\u010ditele, veden\u00ed \u0161kol a \u017e\u00e1ky to nakonec znamen\u00e1 neust\u00e1l\u00e9 vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011blo informovat, nikoli indoktrinovat. Diskuse by m\u011bly prob\u00edhat, ale nem\u011bly by zcela dominovat v\u00fduce.<\/p>\n<p>Tato rovnov\u00e1ha je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 v dob\u011b velk\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch zm\u011bn. Proto\u017ee kdy\u017e se zm\u011bn\u00ed politick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky - nap\u0159\u00edklad v d\u016fsledku nov\u00fdch v\u00fdzev v oblasti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky nebo debat o vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b - automaticky se objev\u00ed nov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto stoj\u00ed za to se na konci vr\u00e1tit o krok zp\u011bt a pod\u00edvat se na tento v\u00fdvoj bl\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-5157\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Schlichtung.jpg\" alt=\"Vyv\u00e1\u017eenost pro \u0161koly a u\u010ditele\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Schlichtung.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Schlichtung-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Schlichtung-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wehrpflicht-Schulstreiks-Schlichtung-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>N\u011bmecko ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed - Povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba v Evrop\u011b<\/h3>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Zem\u011b<\/th>\n<th>Status povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/th>\n<th>Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>N\u011bmecko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Pozastaveno od roku 2011<\/td>\n<td>\u201eNov\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba\u201c, Bundeswehr byl d\u0159\u00edve zalo\u017een v\u00fdhradn\u011b na dobrovoln\u00edc\u00edch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Rakousko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Aktivn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba po dobu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f; alternativa: civiln\u00ed slu\u017eba.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0160v\u00fdcarsko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Aktivn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Syst\u00e9m domobrany s pravideln\u00fdmi rekvalifika\u010dn\u00edmi kurzy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Finsko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Aktivn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba pro mu\u017ee, dobrovoln\u00e1 slu\u017eba pro \u017eeny.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0160v\u00e9dsko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Znovu zavedeno v roce 2017<\/td>\n<td>Selektivn\u00ed odvody mu\u017e\u016f a \u017een.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Norsko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Aktivn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba bez ohledu na pohlav\u00ed od roku 2015.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>D\u00e1nsko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b aktivn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Kombinace dobrovolnick\u00e9 a odvodn\u00ed loterie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Estonsko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Aktivn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba pro mu\u017ee; d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st obrany st\u00e1tu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Loty\u0161sko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Op\u011btovn\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed v roce 2023<\/td>\n<td>Nov\u00e1 povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba po jej\u00edm zru\u0161en\u00ed v roce 2007.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Litva<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Znovu zavedeno v roce 2015<\/td>\n<td>Reaktivace v d\u016fsledku geopolitick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Francie<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Zru\u0161eno v roce 2001<\/td>\n<td>Diskuse o povinn\u00e9 civiln\u00ed nebo st\u00e1tn\u00ed slu\u017eb\u011b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>It\u00e1lie<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Pozastaveno od roku 2005<\/td>\n<td>Profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed arm\u00e1da s dobrovolnou vojenskou slu\u017ebou.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0160pan\u011blsko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Zru\u0161eno v roce 2001<\/td>\n<td>Profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly bez brann\u00e9 povinnosti.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nizozemsko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Vystaven\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/td>\n<td>Povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba form\u00e1ln\u011b existuje, ale nen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bna.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Polsko<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Pozastaveno od roku 2009<\/td>\n<td>Diskuse o nov\u00fdch form\u00e1ch vojensk\u00e9ho v\u00fdcviku.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Otev\u0159en\u00e1 debata o arm\u00e1d\u011b, spole\u010dnosti a ml\u00e1de\u017ei<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1te na sou\u010dasnou debatu o n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1ch Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, o modelech vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby nebo o studentsk\u00fdch protestech, je to rychle z\u0159ejm\u00e9: V pozad\u00ed mnoha t\u011bchto diskus\u00ed je tak\u00e9 genera\u010dn\u00ed rozd\u00edl.<\/p>\n<p>Star\u0161\u00ed generace v N\u011bmecku \u010dasto vyr\u016fstaly s povinnou vojenskou slu\u017ebou. Pro mnoh\u00e9 z nich bylo samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed bu\u010f vstoupit do ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, nebo po ukon\u010den\u00ed \u0161koly nastoupit civiln\u00ed slu\u017ebu. Vojensk\u00e9 struktury byly b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed st\u00e1tu, i kdy\u017e nebyly v\u017edy p\u0159\u00edtomny v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Mlad\u0161\u00ed generace maj\u00ed naopak zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Od pozastaven\u00ed povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby v roce 2011 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e9ma arm\u00e1dy pro mnoho mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e abstraktn\u00ed. Bundeswehr sice st\u00e1le existoval, ale v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b v\u011bt\u0161iny mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nehr\u00e1l roli.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se najednou znovu za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 mluvit o vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b, vojensk\u00e9m odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo strategi\u00edch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky, pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 lidi je to jako nov\u00e1 realita, se kterou se mus\u00ed nejprve sezn\u00e1mit.<\/p>\n<h3>Vztah mezi st\u00e1tem a ob\u010danem<\/h3>\n<p>Diskuse o n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1ch Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch se proto dot\u00fdk\u00e1 i \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky: Jak viditeln\u00e9 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b ob\u010dan\u016f?<\/p>\n<p>V demokracii jsou ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159irozen\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed st\u00e1tu. Podl\u00e9haj\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed kontrole, jsou financov\u00e1ny z pen\u011bz da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f a pln\u00ed \u00fakoly, jejich\u017e kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem je ochrana spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Vztah mezi arm\u00e1dou a spole\u010dnost\u00ed v N\u011bmecku je z\u00e1rove\u0148 historicky citliv\u00fd. Mnoha lidem z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed zejm\u00e9na na tom, aby st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce plnily svou roli transparentn\u011b a zodpov\u011bdn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se voj\u00e1ci objev\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b nebo hovo\u0159\u00ed o ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky, je tento vztah okam\u017eit\u011b patrn\u00fd. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 je to b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro jin\u00e9 p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fd neklid.<\/p>\n<p>Oba pohledy jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed demokratick\u00e9 diskuse.<\/p>\n<h3>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika jako soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zka<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed aspekt t\u00e9to debaty se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky, jak otev\u0159en\u011b spole\u010dnost hovo\u0159\u00ed o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice. Dlouhou dobu hr\u00e1lo toto t\u00e9ma v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b v N\u011bmecku sp\u00ed\u0161e podru\u017enou roli. Vojensk\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami se \u010dasto zab\u00fdvali odborn\u00edci nebo politi\u010dt\u00ed \u010dinitel\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>To se v\u0161ak v posledn\u00edch letech zm\u011bnilo. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konflikty, geopolitick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy v oblasti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky vracej\u00ed ot\u00e1zky obrany do centra pozornosti. To automaticky vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00e9 diskuse - mimo jin\u00e9 ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, na univerzit\u00e1ch a ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to pr\u00e1v\u011b znamen\u00ed, \u017ee se spole\u010dnost vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 se svou rol\u00ed ve slo\u017eit\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba v N\u011bmecku: pr\u00e1va, povinnosti a mo\u017enost odm\u00edtnut\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/vyhrada-svedomi-vuci-vojenske-sluzbe-co-delat-v-pripade-nouze\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2969 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Brann\u00e1 povinnost: odm\u00edtnut\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wehrpflicht-kriegsdienst-verweigern.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Debata o n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1ch Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch se \u010dasto dot\u00fdk\u00e1 i dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky: co by se vlastn\u011b stalo, kdyby byla v N\u011bmecku znovu zavedena povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba? Mnoho lid\u00ed v\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b m\u00e1lo o tom, jak\u00e1 pr\u00e1va by v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u011bli. V m\u00e9m <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/vyhrada-svedomi-vuci-vojenske-sluzbe-co-delat-v-pripade-nouze\/\"><strong>podrobn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b<\/strong><\/a> se proto zab\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi aspekty: Kdo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt povol\u00e1n? Kdo m\u016f\u017ee vojenskou slu\u017ebu odm\u00edtnout - a jak takov\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dost vlastn\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1? Postupn\u011b vysv\u011btluje, jak\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1sady plat\u00ed, jak\u00e9 lh\u016fty je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eet a jak\u00e9 jsou alternativy k vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b. Pokud v\u00e1s tedy zaj\u00edm\u00e1, jak syst\u00e9m pr\u00e1vn\u011b funguje, najdete zde podrobn\u00fd a srozumiteln\u00fd p\u0159ehled.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby v N\u011bmecku<\/h3>\n<div class='bootstrap-yop yop-poll-mc'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"basic-yop-poll-container\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff; border:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:0px 5px;\" data-id=\"3\" data-temp=\"basic-pretty\" data-skin=\"square\" data-cscheme=\"blue\" data-cap=\"0\" data-access=\"guest\" data-tid=\"\" data-uid=\"4e11d6b37a18fa8171a4ae9aeea8bd4e\" data-pid=\"3840\" data-resdet=\"votes-number,percentages\" data-show-results-to=\"guest\" data-show-results-moment=\"after-vote\" data-show-results-only=\"false\" data-show-message=\"true\" data-show-results-as=\"bar\" data-sort-results-by=\"as-defined\" data-sort-results-rule=\"asc\"data-is-ended=\"0\" data-percentages-decimals=\"2\" data-gdpr=\"no\" data-gdpr-sol=\"consent\" data-css=\"\" data-counter=\"0\" data-load-with=\"1\" data-notification-section=\"top\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"basic-inner\"><div class=\"basic-message hide\" style=\"border-left: 10px solid #008000; padding: 0px 10px;\" data-error=\"#ff0000\" data-success=\"#008000\"><p class=\"basic-message-text\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"basic-overlay hide\"><div class=\"basic-vote-options\"><\/div><div class=\"basic-preloader\"><div class=\"basic-windows8\"><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_1\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_2\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_3\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_4\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_5\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><form class=\"basic-form\" action=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"a6eab76ac7\" autocomplete=\"off\"><div class=\"basic-elements\"><div class=\"basic-element basic-question basic-question-text-vertical\" data-id=\"3\" data-uid=\"cf980374657a58227b3d348301c7f596\" data-type=\"question\" data-question-type=\"text\" data-required=\"yes\" data-allow-multiple=\"no\" data-min=\"1\" data-max=\"1\" data-display=\"vertical\" data-colnum=\"\" data-display-others=\"no\" data-others-color=\"\" data-others=\"\" data-others-max-chars=\"0\"><div class=\"basic-question-title\"><h5 style=\"color:#000000; font-size:16px; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;\">M\u011bla by b\u00fdt v N\u011bmecku znovu zavedena povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba?<\/h5><\/div><ul class=\"basic-answers\"><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"10\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"5\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[10]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[10]\" name=\"answer[3]\" value=\"10\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Ano, pro v\u0161echny - povinn\u00e1 civiln\u00ed slu\u017eba nebo vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"11\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"2\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[11]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[11]\" name=\"answer[3]\" value=\"11\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Ano, ale pouze dobrovoln\u011b nebo s pob\u00eddkou.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"12\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"58\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[12]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[12]\" name=\"answer[3]\" value=\"12\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Ne - povinn\u00e1 slu\u017eba je v rozporu se svobodou<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"13\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"1\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[13]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"radio\" id=\"answer[13]\" name=\"answer[3]\" value=\"13\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na politick\u00e9 situaci<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-vote\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"button basic-vote-button\" role=\"button\" style=\"background:#027bb8; border:0px; border-style: solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:10px 10px; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\">Hlasujte na<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"cs\"\/><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u00daloha mlad\u00e9 generace<\/h3>\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je role samotn\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed. \u0160koln\u00ed st\u00e1vky proti pl\u00e1n\u016fm vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 nejsou jen pasivn\u00edmi pozorovateli tohoto v\u00fdvoje.<\/p>\n<p>\u00da\u010dastn\u00ed se diskus\u00ed, organizuj\u00ed demonstrace a formuluj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed postoje k politick\u00fdm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m. To lze ch\u00e1pat r\u016fzn\u011b - jako projev politick\u00e9 vysp\u011blosti, jako mladistvou kulturu protestu nebo prost\u011b jako sou\u010d\u00e1st \u017eiv\u00e9 demokracie.<\/p>\n<p>Bez ohledu na to to ukazuje, \u017ee ot\u00e1zky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky se nyn\u00ed vracej\u00ed do ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm m\u00edstem pro tuto debatu st\u00e1v\u00e1 sektor vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. \u0160koly jsou \u010dasto prvn\u00edm m\u00edstem, kde mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 intenzivn\u011bji diskutuj\u00ed o politick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch, vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed si argumenty a u\u010d\u00ed se ch\u00e1pat r\u016fzn\u00e9 perspektivy.<\/p>\n<h3>Diskuse bez jednoduch\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka, jak velk\u00fd pod\u00edl arm\u00e1dy by m\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomen ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm sektoru, proto pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u016fstane kontroverzn\u00ed i v budoucnu.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed budou i nad\u00e1le tvrdit, \u017ee \u0161koly by m\u011bly z\u016fstat co nejv\u00edce nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 na st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00edch. Jin\u00ed budou poukazovat na to, \u017ee politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je \u00fapln\u00e9 pouze tehdy, pokud se zohledn\u00ed tak\u00e9 perspektivy bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi t\u011bmito pozicemi prob\u00edh\u00e1 debata, kterou nelze vy\u0159e\u0161it jednoduch\u00fdmi odpov\u011b\u010fmi.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 znakem funguj\u00edc\u00edch demokratick\u00fdch struktur. Demokracie p\u0159ece neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee se v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed rychle - ale \u017ee se o r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1zorech m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159en\u011b diskutovat.<\/p>\n<h3>Otev\u0159en\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm poznatkem z t\u00e9to diskuse nen\u00ed to, zda jsou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch v z\u00e1sad\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nebo \u0161patn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou je asi sp\u00ed\u0161e:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Jak se jako spole\u010dnost vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1v\u00e1me s ot\u00e1zkami, jako je bezpe\u010dnost, odpov\u011bdnost a politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Kdy\u017e mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 za\u010dnou o t\u011bchto ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let, kdy\u017e u\u010ditel\u00e9 moderuj\u00ed diskuse a kdy\u017e st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce mus\u00ed vysv\u011btlovat svou roli, ukazuje to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jednu v\u011bc: demokratick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost vede dialog sama se sebou.<\/p>\n<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou tedy mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed, zda by voj\u00e1ci m\u011bli vystupovat ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Ale zda jsme jako spole\u010dnost p\u0159ipraveni v\u00e9st tuto diskusi otev\u0159en\u011b, klidn\u011b a bez ideologick\u00fdch z\u00e1bran.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje k t\u00e9matu<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/resource\/blob\/5993294\/a3842c9787ea1c0101eefe6bea08b5ef\/die-jugendoffiziere-der-bundeswehr-jahresbericht-2024-data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">V\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f ml\u00e1de\u017ee Bundeswehru<\/a><\/b>Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va Bundeswehru o \u010dinnosti jeho d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f pro ml\u00e1de\u017e. Dokument obsahuje \u00fadaje o \u0161koln\u00edch akc\u00edch, simula\u010dn\u00edch hr\u00e1ch a p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161k\u00e1ch a tak\u00e9 strategick\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed \u010dinnosti Bundeswehru v oblasti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed tak\u00e9, kolik \u017e\u00e1k\u016f je ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b osloveno a jakou roli hraje spolupr\u00e1ce se \u0161kolami a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi v pr\u00e1ci ozbrojen\u00fdch sil s ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed a ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.schleswig-holstein.de\/DE\/landesregierung\/ministerien-behoerden\/III\/Presse\/PI\/2026\/01_Januar\/20260123_Jugendoffiziere?nn=2cfbb97f-9a3f-421a-a63d-fcb6b3e27e04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mlad\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci Bundeswehru ve \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fduce - Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va spolkov\u00e9 zem\u011b \u0160lesvicko-Hol\u0161t\u00fdnsko<\/a><\/b>Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed prezentace spolkov\u00e9 zem\u011b o spolupr\u00e1ci \u0161kol a Bundeswehru. Text vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee d\u016fstojn\u00edci pro ml\u00e1de\u017e nab\u00edzej\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky, semin\u00e1\u0159e a simula\u010dn\u00ed hry a \u017ee tyto akce slou\u017e\u00ed k politick\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee tyto n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy se konaj\u00ed pouze na pozv\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kol a za v\u00fdchovu odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/km.baden-wuerttemberg.de\/de\/schule\/schulartuebergreifend\/kooperation-schule\/bundeswehr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spolupr\u00e1ce \u0161kol a ozbrojen\u00fdch sil - Ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed a kultury B\u00e1denska-W\u00fcrttemberska<\/a><\/b>Tato str\u00e1nka dokumentuje jednu z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dohod o spolupr\u00e1ci mezi Bundeswehrem a n\u011bmeck\u00fdm ministerstvem \u0161kolstv\u00ed. Popisuje form\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e1 existuje od roku 2009 a jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je sezn\u00e1mit \u017e\u00e1ky s ot\u00e1zkami bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee v\u00fduka se mus\u00ed \u0159\u00eddit takzvan\u00fdm Beutelsbachsk\u00fdm konsensem, podle n\u011bho\u017e mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kontroverzn\u00ed politick\u00e1 t\u00e9mata ve v\u00fduce prezentov\u00e1na i kontroverzn\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/dokumente\/textarchiv\/2026\/kw10-de-jugendoffiziere-1150498\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Debata v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m Spolkov\u00e9m sn\u011bmu o str\u00e1\u017en\u00edc\u00edch ml\u00e1de\u017ee ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch<\/a><\/b>Dokumentace parlamentn\u00ed debaty o nasazen\u00ed mlad\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f Bundeswehru do \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fduky. V t\u00e9to debat\u011b se mimo jin\u00e9 po\u017eaduje ukon\u010den\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce mezi Bundeswehrem a \u0161kolami, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed poslanci zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed jejich v\u00fdznam pro bezpe\u010dnostn\u011bpolitick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Dokument ukazuje, jak politicky kontroverzn\u00ed je toto t\u00e9ma v parlamentu.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kooperationsvereinbarung_der_Bundeswehr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dohoda o spolupr\u00e1ci mezi Bundeswehrem a ministerstvy \u0161kolstv\u00ed<\/a><\/b>P\u0159ehled r\u00e1mcov\u00fdch dohod mezi Bundeswehrem a n\u011bkolika spolkov\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi. Tyto dohody mimo jin\u00e9 upravuj\u00ed zp\u016fsob nasazen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f pro ml\u00e1de\u017e ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch a organizaci kurz\u016f pro u\u010ditele. Podle informac\u00ed se tis\u00edce u\u010ditel\u016f n\u011bkdy \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed kurz\u016f \u0161kolen\u00ed v oblasti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch Bundeswehrem.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/POL%26IS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">POL&amp;IS - Simula\u010dn\u00ed hra o politice a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti<\/a><\/b>Popis zn\u00e1m\u00e9 simula\u010dn\u00ed hry Bundeswehru, kter\u00e1 se \u010dasto hraje ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. \u017d\u00e1ci se v n\u00ed uj\u00edmaj\u00ed rol\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a organizac\u00ed a simuluj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiku. C\u00edlem simula\u010dn\u00ed hry je p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit politick\u00e9 souvislosti, je v\u0161ak kritizov\u00e1na \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ji pova\u017euje za p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vojensk\u00e9 ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konflikt\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tdh.de\/en\/inform\/topics\/german-armed-forces-at-schools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">N\u011bmeck\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch - zpr\u00e1va Terre des Hommes<\/a><\/b>Kritick\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va organizace na ochranu pr\u00e1v d\u011bt\u00ed Terre des Hommes o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti Bundeswehru ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. V textu se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee Bundeswehr prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f pro ml\u00e1de\u017e, kari\u00e9rn\u00edch poradc\u016f a akc\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b oslovuje statis\u00edce mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, a kritizuje zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1bor nezletil\u00fdch do vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gew.de\/mein-arbeitsplatz\/schule\/bundeswehr\/einfluss-der-bundeswehr-an-schulen-zurueckdraengen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GEW: Omezit vliv Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch<\/a><\/b>N\u011bmeck\u00fd svaz pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u011bdu (GEW) je jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kritik\u016f spolupr\u00e1ce mezi Bundeswehrem a \u0161kolami. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee vojensk\u00e9 instituce by nem\u011bly m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv na u\u010debn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny ani na p\u0159\u00edpravu u\u010ditel\u016f a \u017ee politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed z\u016fstat nez\u00e1visl\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/dfg-vk-darmstadt.de\/Downloads\/DokumentezuEinflussnahmenderBundeswehrinBildungseinrichtungen\/Bundeswehr%20raus%20aus%20Schulen%2CGEW-Hessen%206.10.2010.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bundeswehr mimo \u0161koly - dokumentace m\u00edrov\u00e9 iniciativy<\/a><\/b>Tento dokument popisuje v\u00fdvoj dohod o spolupr\u00e1ci mezi Bundeswehrem a ministerstvy \u0161kolstv\u00ed z kritick\u00e9ho pohledu. Analyzuje, jak tyto dohody vznikaly a jak\u00e9 dopady mohly m\u00edt na \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fduku. Analyzov\u00e1na je zejm\u00e9na role d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f pro ml\u00e1de\u017e jako lektor\u016f v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kas.de\/en\/in-short\/detail\/-\/content\/youth-protests-against-military-service\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Protesty ml\u00e1de\u017ee proti vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b - anal\u00fdza Nadace Konrada Adenauera<\/a><\/b>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek analyzuje sou\u010dasn\u00e1 protestn\u00ed hnut\u00ed mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed proti mo\u017en\u00fdm model\u016fm vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby a zasazuje je do kontextu debaty o evropsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objektivit\u011b politick\u00fdch diskus\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/securityanddefence.pl\/Preparing-youth-for-defence-Socialisation-education-and-training-of-young-people%2C149891%2C0%2C2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">P\u0159\u00edprava ml\u00e1de\u017ee na obranu - Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed studie obrann\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/b>V\u011bdeck\u00e1 studie o vojensk\u00e9m vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a socializaci mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed v oblasti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky v n\u011bkolika evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Studie porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 modely pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 st\u00e1ty k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed na ot\u00e1zky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky a analyzuje podobnosti a rozd\u00edly v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm kontextu.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dokumentation.landtag-mv.de\/parldok\/dokument\/61109\/bundeswehr_an_schulen_in_mecklenburg_vorpommern.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bundeswehr ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch - dokument zemsk\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu Meklenburska-P\u0159edn\u00edho Pomo\u0159anska<\/a><\/b>Parlamentn\u00ed dokument s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi \u00fadaji o akc\u00edch po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky pro ml\u00e1de\u017e na \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Vysv\u011btluje, jak jsou takov\u00e9 besedy organizov\u00e1ny a co je jejich obsahem. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee podle Bundeswehru nejsou ur\u010deny k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 reklam\u011b, ale k usnadn\u011bn\u00ed diskuse o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weizs%C3%A4cker-Kommission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weizs\u00e4ckerova komise: Spole\u010dn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost a budoucnost Bundeswehru<\/a><\/b>Takzvan\u00e1 Weizs\u00e4ckerova komise byla skupina odborn\u00edk\u016f jmenovan\u00e1 n\u011bmeckou vl\u00e1dou, aby vypracovala n\u00e1vrhy na budouc\u00ed strukturu Bundeswehru. Jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce ovlivnila dlouhodob\u00e9 diskuse o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice v N\u011bmecku a tvo\u0159\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pozad\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edch debat o reform\u011b povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby, struktu\u0159e Bundeswehru a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed integraci arm\u00e1dy.<\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infopost_%28Bundeswehr%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Infopost Bundeswehru<\/a><\/b>Historick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1ce Bundeswehru s ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed v oblasti public relations. \u010casopis \u201eInfopost\u201c byl po desetilet\u00ed zas\u00edl\u00e1n mlad\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm a obsahoval zpr\u00e1vy z Bundeswehru i informace o vojensk\u00e9 kari\u00e9\u0159e. Ukazuje, jak se arm\u00e1da v minulosti sna\u017eila informovat mlad\u00e9 lidi o sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-813 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-813 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky sou\u010dasnosti<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-813\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"klimaschutz mit tunnelblick \u2013 elektromobilit\u00e4t, lobbyarbeit und die verdr\u00e4ngten kosten\" data-id=\"4729\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland energiepolitik erfahrungen eu-gesetze europa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/ochrana-klimatu-s-tunelovym-videnim-lobbovani-za-elektromobilitu-a-skryte-naklady\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Ochrana klimatu s tunelov\u00fdm vid\u011bn\u00edm - elektromobilita, lobbing a potla\u010den\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Elektromobilita bez ideologie\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elektromobilitaet-ohne-Ideologie.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elektromobilitaet-ohne-Ideologie.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elektromobilitaet-ohne-Ideologie-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elektromobilitaet-ohne-Ideologie-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elektromobilitaet-ohne-Ideologie-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/ochrana-klimatu-s-tunelovym-videnim-lobbovani-za-elektromobilitu-a-skryte-naklady\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Ochrana klimatu s tunelov\u00fdm vid\u011bn\u00edm - elektromobilita, lobbing a potla\u010den\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"die stille gefahr von wearables: wenn bequemlichkeit zur \u00dcberwachung wird\" data-id=\"3560\"  data-category=\"allgemein apple iphone &amp; ipad gesellschaft gesundheit hardware\" data-post_tag=\"apple datenschutz gesundheit ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/tiche-nebezpeci-nositelnych-zarizeni-kdy-se-z-pohodli-stava-dohled\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Tich\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nositeln\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: kdy\u017e se z pohodl\u00ed stane sledov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Nositeln\u00e1 elektronika, chytr\u00e9 hodinky, sluch\u00e1tka do u\u0161\u00ed\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wearables-smartwatch-daten.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wearables-smartwatch-daten.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wearables-smartwatch-daten-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wearables-smartwatch-daten-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/wearables-smartwatch-daten-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/tiche-nebezpeci-nositelnych-zarizeni-kdy-se-z-pohodli-stava-dohled\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Tich\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nositeln\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: kdy\u017e se z pohodl\u00ed stane sledov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"jeffrey sachs warnt deutschland: warum europas sicherheit neu gedacht werden muss\" data-id=\"4079\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"deutschland energiepolitik eu-gesetze europa geopolitik krisen meinungsfreiheit portrait sicherheitspolitik\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/jeffrey-sachs-varuje-nemecko-proc-je-treba-prehodnotit-bezpecnost-evropy\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Jeffrey Sachs varuje N\u011bmecko: Pro\u010d je t\u0159eba p\u0159ehodnotit bezpe\u010dnost Evropy<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Jeffrey Sachs p\u00ed\u0161e otev\u0159en\u00fd dopis kancl\u00e9\u0159i Merzovi\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/jeffrey-sachs-bundeskanzler-eu-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/12\/jeffrey-sachs-varuje-nemecko-proc-je-treba-prehodnotit-bezpecnost-evropy\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Jeffrey Sachs varuje N\u011bmecko: Pro\u010d je t\u0159eba p\u0159ehodnotit bezpe\u010dnost Evropy<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"cloud-act, datenhoheit und die schweiz: ein wendepunkt f\u00fcr europ\u00e4ische it-strategien?\" data-id=\"3727\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"datenbanken datenschutz digitales eigentum eu-gesetze europa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/suverenita-dat-v-ramci-cloudoveho-zakona-a-svycarsko-jako-bod-obratu-pro-evropske-strategie-v-oblasti-it\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">CLOUD Act, datov\u00e1 suverenita a \u0160v\u00fdcarsko: bod obratu pro evropsk\u00e9 IT strategie?<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Co znamen\u00e1 \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 usnesen\u00ed o cloudu pro Evropu?\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/suverenita-dat-v-ramci-cloudoveho-zakona-a-svycarsko-jako-bod-obratu-pro-evropske-strategie-v-oblasti-it\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">CLOUD Act, datov\u00e1 suverenita a \u0160v\u00fdcarsko: bod obratu pro evropsk\u00e9 IT strategie?<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Jakou roli vlastn\u011b hraj\u00ed mlad\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci Bundeswehru ve \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fduce?<\/strong><br \/>\nD\u016fstojn\u00edci pro ml\u00e1de\u017e jsou speci\u00e1ln\u011b vy\u0161kolen\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci Bundeswehru, jejich\u017e ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fakolem nen\u00ed n\u00e1bor, ale politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Na pozv\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed \u0161koly a hovo\u0159\u00ed o t\u00e9matech, jako je mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika, struktury NATO, anal\u00fdza konflikt\u016f nebo role N\u011bmecka v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch alianc\u00edch. Zpravidla p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed a pot\u00e9 diskutuj\u00ed se \u017e\u00e1ky. Kritici v\u0161ak kritizuj\u00ed skute\u010dnost, \u017ee takov\u00e1 informa\u010dn\u00ed akce m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit i obraz Bundeswehru. Zast\u00e1nci naopak argumentuj\u00ed, \u017ee ot\u00e1zky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky lze jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed pln\u011b pochopit bez pohledu ozbrojen\u00fdch sil.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Odkdy vlastn\u011b Bundeswehr nav\u0161t\u011bvuje \u0161koly v N\u011bmecku?<\/strong><br \/>\nTakzvan\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci pro ml\u00e1de\u017e existuj\u00ed od roku 1958, tedy od po\u010d\u00e1tku existence Spolkov\u00e9 republiky N\u011bmecko. Jejich p\u016fvodn\u00edm \u00fakolem bylo vysv\u011btlovat mlad\u00fdm lidem roli Bundeswehru v demokratick\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b. V praxi v\u0161ak byly tyto n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy \u0161kol dlouho pom\u011brn\u011b nen\u00e1padn\u00e9. Teprve v posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch se dostaly v\u00edce na o\u010di ve\u0159ejnosti. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm pozad\u00edm je pozastaven\u00ed povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby v roce 2011, od kdy musel Bundeswehr nab\u00edrat v\u00edce dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f, a proto se v\u00edce zviditelnil ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m prostoru.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mohou v\u016fbec voj\u00e1ci ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b d\u011blat reklamu Bundeswehru?<\/strong><br \/>\nOfici\u00e1ln\u011b se p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd n\u00e1bor mlad\u00fdch policist\u016f ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch nepl\u00e1nuje. Bundeswehr rozli\u0161uje mezi d\u016fstojn\u00edky pro ml\u00e1de\u017e, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed poskytovat vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky, a kari\u00e9rn\u00edmi poradci, kte\u0159\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed informace o konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch mo\u017enostech vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a kari\u00e9ry. Kritici v\u0161ak poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed nen\u00ed v praxi v\u017edy jasn\u011b rozpoznateln\u00e9. Dokonce i p\u0159\u00edtomnost uniformovan\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv na vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed Bundeswehru. Zast\u00e1nci oponuj\u00ed, \u017ee i jin\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce nebo organizace mohou ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b prezentovat sv\u016fj pohled na v\u011bc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d je dnes Bundeswehr v\u00edce z\u00e1visl\u00fd na n\u00e1boru mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed ne\u017e v minulosti?<\/strong><br \/>\nRozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm zlomem bylo pozastaven\u00ed povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby v roce 2011. Do t\u00e9 doby Bundeswehr ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b automaticky p\u0159ij\u00edmal nov\u00e9 rekruty prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm brann\u00e9 povinnosti. S p\u0159echodem na dobrovolnickou arm\u00e1du mus\u00ed nyn\u00ed aktivn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat mlad\u00e9 lidi, aby se rozhodli pro vojenskou kari\u00e9ru. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 soupe\u0159\u00ed s mnoha dal\u0161\u00edmi zam\u011bstnavateli o kvalifikovan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 rekruty. V d\u016fsledku tohoto v\u00fdvoje nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed na v\u00fdznamu informa\u010dn\u00ed kampan\u011b, kari\u00e9rn\u00ed port\u00e1ly a akce pro mlad\u00e9 lidi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co p\u0159esn\u011b je simula\u010dn\u00ed hra POL&amp;IS, kter\u00e1 je \u010dasto zmi\u0148ov\u00e1na v souvislosti s akcemi Bundeswehru?<\/strong><br \/>\nPOL&amp;IS je zkratka pro \u201ePolitics and International Security\u201c (Politika a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost) a jedn\u00e1 se o simula\u010dn\u00ed hru, kterou moderuj\u00ed mlad\u00ed policist\u00e9. Studenti se v n\u00ed v\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed do rol\u00ed z\u00e1stupc\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f nebo mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch organizac\u00ed. Mus\u00ed rozhodovat o ekonomick\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji, diplomatick\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch nebo konfliktech v oblasti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky. C\u00edlem je usnadnit pochopen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch politick\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed. Kritici v\u0161ak spat\u0159uj\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee by mohlo doj\u00edt k p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9mu zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d jsou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch kritizov\u00e1ny?<\/strong><br \/>\nKritika p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch stran. U\u010ditelsk\u00e1 sdru\u017een\u00ed, m\u00edrov\u00e9 iniciativy a n\u011bkter\u00e9 organizace ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee by vojensk\u00e9 instituce mohly z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd vliv v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kritici pova\u017euj\u00ed za problematickou zejm\u00e9na c\u00edlovou skupinu, nebo\u0165 \u017e\u00e1ci jsou st\u00e1le ve f\u00e1zi politick\u00e9 orientace. Jin\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u011b kritizuj\u00ed jakoukoli formu p\u0159\u00edtomnosti arm\u00e1dy ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a pova\u017euj\u00ed ji za mo\u017enou \u201emilitarizaci\u201c ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u0161koln\u00edho \u017eivota. Zast\u00e1nci pova\u017euj\u00ed tuto kritiku za p\u0159ehnanou a zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee politick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011blo zahrnovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 perspektivy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznivci akc\u00ed Bundeswehru ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b?<\/strong><br \/>\nZast\u00e1nci t\u011bchto akc\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika je \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed modern\u00ed politiky. Pokud maj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci porozum\u011bt mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm konflikt\u016fm, struktur\u00e1m NATO nebo obrann\u00e9 politice, mohlo by m\u00edt smysl naslouchat i z\u00e1stupc\u016fm ozbrojen\u00fdch sil. Krom\u011b toho jsou mlad\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci pouze jednou slo\u017ekou v\u00fduky. U\u010ditel\u00e9 by mohli jejich v\u00fdroky kriticky zkoumat a vn\u00e9st do nich dal\u0161\u00ed perspektivy. Z tohoto pohledu Bundeswehr jako demokraticky kontrolovan\u00e1 instituce do r\u00e1mce politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rozhodn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Existuj\u00ed \u0161koly, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Bundeswehru z\u00e1sadn\u011b odm\u00edtaj\u00ed?<\/strong><br \/>\nAno, n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0161koly se v\u011bdom\u011b rozhodly, \u017ee nebudou po\u0159\u00e1dat akce s vojensk\u00fdmi \u0159e\u010dn\u00edky. Iniciativy jako \u201e\u0160koly bez Bundeswehru\u201c vedou kampa\u0148 za to, aby vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed instituce od takov\u00fdch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv upustily. Rozhodnut\u00ed obvykle p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 veden\u00ed \u0161koly a pedagogick\u00fd sbor. Odm\u00edtnut\u00ed obvykle nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed d\u016fsledky. \u0160koly maj\u00ed obecn\u011b mo\u017enost pozvat extern\u00ed \u0159e\u010dn\u00edky nebo se rozhodnout, \u017ee tak neu\u010din\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jakou roli v t\u011bchto akc\u00edch hraj\u00ed ministerstva \u0161kolstv\u00ed a kultury?<\/strong><br \/>\nV n\u011bkolika spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00edch existuj\u00ed dohody o spolupr\u00e1ci mezi ministerstvy \u0161kolstv\u00ed a Bundeswehrem. Tyto dohody upravuj\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, nap\u0159\u00edklad jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159izv\u00e1ni p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci ml\u00e1de\u017ee a jak\u00e9 r\u00e1mcov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky plat\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1sadou je, \u017ee odpov\u011bdnost za v\u00fdchovu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pln\u011b na \u0161kole. U\u010ditel\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00ed o tom, zda a jakou formou se takov\u00e9 akce uskute\u010dn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d \u017e\u00e1ci protestuj\u00ed proti pl\u00e1n\u016fm vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby?<\/strong><br \/>\nMnoho mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed pova\u017euje sou\u010dasn\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy reformy vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby za mo\u017en\u00fd krok k nov\u00e9 povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b. I kdy\u017e se zat\u00edm diskutovalo pouze o dotazn\u00edc\u00edch nebo dobrovoln\u00fdch modelech, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 se povinn\u00e9 slu\u017eby dlouhodob\u011b ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Pro generaci, kter\u00e1 vyrostla bez povinn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby, se tato my\u0161lenka n\u011bkdy zd\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 nebo problematick\u00e1. \u0160koln\u00ed st\u00e1vky jsou proto tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazem politick\u00e9ho dialogu mezi generacemi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak velk\u00e9 byly \u0161koln\u00ed st\u00e1vky proti pl\u00e1n\u016fm vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby?<\/strong><br \/>\nPodle r\u016fzn\u00fdch odhad\u016f se v prosinci 2025 z\u00fa\u010dastnilo demonstrac\u00ed ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch m\u011bstech p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 55 000 student\u016f. Protesty byly \u010dasto organizov\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech se demonstrac\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastnilo n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mohou \u017e\u00e1ci demonstrovat b\u011bhem vyu\u010dovac\u00edch hodin?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0160koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zka je v N\u011bmecku v z\u00e1sad\u011b povinn\u00e1. Demonstrace b\u011bhem vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed se obvykle nepova\u017euj\u00ed za omluvenou absenci. \u017d\u00e1ci proto mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 bez platn\u00e9 omluvy nebo si mus\u00ed zame\u0161kan\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky doplnit. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se st\u00e1le diskutuje o tom, jak lze politickou anga\u017eovanost mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed sladit se \u0161koln\u00edmi pravidly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jakou roli hraje Bundeswehr v n\u011bmeck\u00e9 demokracii?<\/strong><br \/>\nBundeswehr je \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako \u201eparlamentn\u00ed arm\u00e1da\u201c. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed - nap\u0159\u00edklad o nasazen\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed - mus\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmat Spolkov\u00fd sn\u011bm. Tato parlamentn\u00ed kontrola m\u00e1 zajistit, aby vojensk\u00e1 moc v N\u011bmecku z\u016fstala demokraticky legitimn\u00ed. Z tohoto pohledu je podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f smyslupln\u00e9, aby mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 byli o roli ozbrojen\u00fdch sil informov\u00e1ni ve \u0161koln\u00edch lavic\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d je vztah mezi arm\u00e1dou a spole\u010dnost\u00ed v N\u011bmecku obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00fd?<\/strong><br \/>\nHistorick\u00e1 zku\u0161enost 20. stolet\u00ed formovala vztah mnoha N\u011bmc\u016f k arm\u00e1d\u011b. Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byl Bundeswehr v\u011bdom\u011b vytvo\u0159en jako demokraticky kontrolovan\u00e1 instituce. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se vyvinula politick\u00e1 kultura, v n\u00ed\u017e se o vojensk\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch \u010dasto diskutuje opatrn\u011b. Tato historick\u00e1 citlivost hraje roli v debat\u00e1ch o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politice i dnes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak se li\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00ed s Bundeswehrem?<\/strong><br \/>\nVzhledem k tomu, \u017ee vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politika v N\u011bmecku je v kompetenci spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00ed, neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 standardizovan\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 spolkov\u00e9 zem\u011b nav\u00e1zaly pom\u011brn\u011b \u00fazkou spolupr\u00e1ci s Bundeswehrem, jin\u00e9 jsou opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V d\u016fsledku toho se p\u0159\u00edtomnost p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f pro ml\u00e1de\u017e v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u0161koly m\u016f\u017ee v jednotliv\u00fdch regionech li\u0161it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak\u00e9 jsou alternativy k politick\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vojensk\u00fdch \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk\u016f?<\/strong><br \/>\nMnoho \u0161kol spolupracuje s univerzitami, politick\u00fdmi nadacemi, novin\u00e1\u0159i nebo nevl\u00e1dn\u00edmi organizacemi na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ot\u00e1zek bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 kombinuj\u00ed v\u00edce pohled\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad zvou z\u00e1stupce n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil a tak\u00e9 m\u00edrov\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky nebo politology. C\u00edlem je poskytnout \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm co nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed obraz o politick\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak reaguj\u00ed rodi\u010de na akce Bundeswehru ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch?<\/strong><br \/>\nReakce rodi\u010d\u016f jsou velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v tom vid\u00ed zaj\u00edmavou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro sv\u00e9 d\u011bti, jak se dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00edch. Jin\u00ed jsou k podobn\u00fdm akc\u00edm skepti\u010dt\u00ed a ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti arm\u00e1dy ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm sektoru. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech vedou tyto ot\u00e1zky k diskus\u00edm v r\u00e1mci rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9ho sdru\u017een\u00ed nebo \u0161koln\u00ed konference.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bude v N\u011bmecku skute\u010dn\u011b znovu zavedena povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba?<\/strong><br \/>\nPovinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pouze pozastavena, nikoli zru\u0161ena. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee by teoreticky mohla b\u00fdt obnovena. Zda se tak skute\u010dn\u011b stane, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na politick\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00edch a v\u00fdvoji bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b politici diskutuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o modelech, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u016fvodn\u011b zalo\u017eeny na dobrovoln\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d bude debata o Bundeswehru a \u0161kol\u00e1ch pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b dlouho pokra\u010dovat?<\/strong><br \/>\nDiskuse se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky a vztahu st\u00e1tu a spole\u010dnosti. Tyto ot\u00e1zky lze m\u00e1lokdy definitivn\u011b objasnit, proto\u017ee politick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a spole\u010densk\u00e9 postoje se neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee o roli Bundeswehru ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se bude v budoucnu znovu a znovu diskutovat.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-814 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-814 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-814\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"warum ein eigenes magazin f\u00fcr unternehmen heute wichtiger ist als werbung\" data-id=\"4476\"  data-category=\"gesellschaft ki-systeme tipps &amp; anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"datenlogik datenschutz digitales eigentum k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/proc-je-dnes-firemni-casopis-dulezitejsi-nez-reklama\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Pro\u010d je dnes pro firmy d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edt vlastn\u00ed \u010dasopis ne\u017e reklamu?<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\u010casopis jako majetek\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/magazin-gastbeitraege.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/magazin-gastbeitraege.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/magazin-gastbeitraege-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/magazin-gastbeitraege-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/magazin-gastbeitraege-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/proc-je-dnes-firemni-casopis-dulezitejsi-nez-reklama\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Pro\u010d je dnes pro firmy d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edt vlastn\u00ed \u010dasopis ne\u017e reklamu?<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz: welche jobs in gefahr sind, und wie wir uns jetzt wappnen k\u00f6nnen\" data-id=\"2940\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher gesellschaft ki-systeme\" data-post_tag=\"buch k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz llama llm mistral mlx ollama ratgeber sprachmodell\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/umela-inteligence-ktera-pracovni-mista-jsou-ohrozena-a-jak-se-muzeme-vyzbrojit\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence: kter\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta jsou ohro\u017eena a jak se m\u016f\u017eeme vyzbrojit hned te\u010f<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Kter\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta budou v budoucnu zru\u0161ena um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed?\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/umela-inteligence-ktera-pracovni-mista-jsou-ohrozena-a-jak-se-muzeme-vyzbrojit\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence: kter\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta jsou ohro\u017eena a jak se m\u016f\u017eeme vyzbrojit hned te\u010f<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"gfm-business und die zukunft des erp: lokale intelligenz statt cloud-abh\u00e4ngigkeit\" data-id=\"2956\"  data-category=\"apple iphone &amp; 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Wer die Schule beendet hatte, machte entweder Zivildienst oder Wehrdienst. Das geh\u00f6rte damals einfach dazu \u2013 \u00e4hnlich wie eine Ausbildung oder das Studium. Man sprach dar\u00fcber, man wusste ungef\u00e4hr, was &#8230; <a title=\"Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a energie: kolik skute\u010dn\u011b stoj\u00ed boom um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/umela-inteligence-a-energie-co-ki-boom-skutecne-stoji\/\" aria-label=\"\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce o Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a energie: kolik skute\u010dn\u011b stoj\u00ed boom um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5151,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":142,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,466],"tags":[480,475,482,426,476,484],"class_list":["post-5147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-allgemein","category-gesellschaft","tag-deutschland","tag-europa","tag-geopolitik","tag-krisen","tag-meinungsfreiheit","tag-sicherheitspolitik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5147"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5939,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5147\/revisions\/5939"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}