{"id":6071,"date":"2026-05-14T11:13:53","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T11:13:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/?p=6071"},"modified":"2026-05-22T18:05:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T18:05:10","slug":"jaky-je-smysl-zivota-nabozenstvi-filozofove-a-helmut-thielicke-ve-srovnani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/05\/jaky-je-smysl-zivota-nabozenstvi-filozofove-a-helmut-thielicke-ve-srovnani\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00fd je smysl \u017eivota? Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, filozof\u016f a Helmuta Thielickeho"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky prov\u00e1zej\u00ed lidstvo u\u017e tis\u00edce let. Ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 nikdy nezmiz\u00ed, bez ohledu na to, jak modern\u00ed je n\u00e1\u0161 sv\u011bt. Jedna z t\u011bchto ot\u00e1zek je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b docela jednoduch\u00e1: <em>Jak\u00fd je vlastn\u011b smysl \u017eivota?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee odpov\u011b\u010f \u201e42\u201c se dnes objevuje znovu a znovu - obvykle s mal\u00fdm \u00fasm\u011bvem. Pozad\u00ed poch\u00e1z\u00ed z <em>\u201eStopa\u0159\u016fv pr\u016fvodce po Galaxii\u201c<\/em> Douglas Adams. V p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu vysoce rozvinut\u00e1 civilizace postav\u00ed gigantick\u00fd superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u011bhem milion\u016f let vypo\u010d\u00edtat \u201eodpov\u011b\u010f na kone\u010dnou ot\u00e1zku o \u017eivot\u011b, vesm\u00edru a ostatn\u00edm\u201c. V\u00fdsledek nakonec zn\u00ed jednodu\u0161e: 42. Absurdn\u00ed na tom je, \u017ee nikdo vlastn\u011b nev\u00ed, jak\u00e1 byla nakonec p\u016fvodn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se tato sc\u00e9na stala sv\u011btozn\u00e1mou. Je vtipn\u00e1, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b hlubok\u00e1. Proto\u017ee mo\u017en\u00e1 docela v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b popisuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidsk\u00fd probl\u00e9m: \u010dasto zoufale hled\u00e1me odpov\u011bdi, ani\u017e bychom p\u0159esn\u011b v\u011bd\u011bli, jakou ot\u00e1zku si vlastn\u011b klademe.<!--more--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-406 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-406 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky sou\u010dasnosti<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-406\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"beruf, weltbild, zukunft: entscheidungen im schatten des umbruchs\" data-id=\"3197\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft kunst &amp; kultur tipps &amp; anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"erfahrungen krisen pers\u00f6nlichkeitsentwicklung ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/karierni-svet-pohled-na-budouci-rozhodnuti-ve-stinu-otresu\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Kari\u00e9ra, pohled na sv\u011bt, budoucnost: rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed ve st\u00ednu zm\u011bn<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Rozhodnut\u00ed ve st\u00ednu ot\u0159es\u016f\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entscheidungen-im-Schatten-Umbruch.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entscheidungen-im-Schatten-Umbruch.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entscheidungen-im-Schatten-Umbruch-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entscheidungen-im-Schatten-Umbruch-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Entscheidungen-im-Schatten-Umbruch-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/10\/karierni-svet-pohled-na-budouci-rozhodnuti-ve-stinu-otresu\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Kari\u00e9ra, pohled na sv\u011bt, budoucnost: rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed ve st\u00ednu zm\u011bn<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz: welche jobs in gefahr sind, und wie wir uns jetzt wappnen k\u00f6nnen\" data-id=\"2940\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher gesellschaft ki-systeme\" data-post_tag=\"buch k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz llama llm mistral mlx ollama ratgeber sprachmodell\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/umela-inteligence-ktera-pracovni-mista-jsou-ohrozena-a-jak-se-muzeme-vyzbrojit\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence: kter\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta jsou ohro\u017eena a jak se m\u016f\u017eeme vyzbrojit hned te\u010f<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Kter\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta budou v budoucnu zru\u0161ena um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed?\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/welche-jobs-fallen-durch-ki-weg-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/09\/umela-inteligence-ktera-pracovni-mista-jsou-ohrozena-a-jak-se-muzeme-vyzbrojit\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence: kter\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta jsou ohro\u017eena a jak se m\u016f\u017eeme vyzbrojit hned te\u010f<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"warum abstand kein r\u00fcckzug ist &#8211; und wie ein freeze-out orientierung schafft\" data-id=\"4435\"  data-category=\"allgemein b\u00fccher gesellschaft gesundheit tipps &amp; anleitungen\" data-post_tag=\"buch denkmodelle erfahrungen gesundheit krisen lernen pers\u00f6nlichkeitsentwicklung ratgeber\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/proc-vzdalenost-neni-ustup-a-jak-zmrazeni-vytvari-orientaci\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Pro\u010d vzd\u00e1lenost nen\u00ed \u00fastup - a jak zmrazen\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed orientaci<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Freezeout - Vzd\u00e1lenost v krizov\u00fdch situac\u00edch\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Freezeout-Titel.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Freezeout-Titel.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Freezeout-Titel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Freezeout-Titel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Freezeout-Titel-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/proc-vzdalenost-neni-ustup-a-jak-zmrazeni-vytvari-orientaci\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Pro\u010d vzd\u00e1lenost nen\u00ed \u00fastup - a jak zmrazen\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed orientaci<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"cloud-act, datenhoheit und die schweiz: ein wendepunkt f\u00fcr europ\u00e4ische it-strategien?\" data-id=\"3727\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft\" data-post_tag=\"datenbanken datenschutz digitales eigentum eu-gesetze europa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/suverenita-dat-v-ramci-cloudoveho-zakona-a-svycarsko-jako-bod-obratu-pro-evropske-strategie-v-oblasti-it\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">CLOUD Act, datov\u00e1 suverenita a \u0160v\u00fdcarsko: bod obratu pro evropsk\u00e9 IT strategie?<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Co znamen\u00e1 \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 usnesen\u00ed o cloudu pro Evropu?\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/schweiz-cloud-resolution-eu-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/suverenita-dat-v-ramci-cloudoveho-zakona-a-svycarsko-jako-bod-obratu-pro-evropske-strategie-v-oblasti-it\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">CLOUD Act, datov\u00e1 suverenita a \u0160v\u00fdcarsko: bod obratu pro evropsk\u00e9 IT strategie?<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Pro\u010d m\u011b toto t\u00e9ma zaj\u00edm\u00e1<\/h2>\n<p>Mimochodem, s\u00e1m nejsem nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed. A\u010dkoli jsem byl pok\u0159t\u011bn jako protestant, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v m\u00e9m ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b nikdy nehr\u00e1lo zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 velkou roli. P\u0159esto si v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku uv\u011bdom\u00edte, \u017ee v\u00e1s tyto ot\u00e1zky automaticky zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 ne ka\u017ed\u00fd den a ne v\u017edy v\u011bdom\u011b. Ale v\u017edycky tam n\u011bkde jsou.<\/p>\n<p>To je \u010dasto patrn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na s p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011bkem. P\u0159ed \u010dasem mi moje nevlastn\u00ed matka \u0159ekla: <em>\u201eTe\u010f, kdy\u017e je mi 84 let, p\u0159irozen\u011b st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm o smrti.\u201c<\/em> Tato v\u011bta mi utkv\u011bla v pam\u011bti. Mnoho lid\u00ed to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b c\u00edt\u00ed stejn\u011b. Dokud jste mlad\u00ed, \u017eivot se \u010dasto zd\u00e1 nekone\u010dn\u00fd. V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku si v\u0161ak uv\u011bdom\u00edte, \u017ee \u010das nen\u00ed neomezen\u00fd. A najednou si za\u010dnete kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 jste mo\u017en\u00e1 v minulosti potla\u010dovali:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Co vlastn\u011b z\u016fstane na konci?<\/li>\n<li>Co bylo opravdu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/li>\n<li>A existuje snad n\u011bco v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e jsme my sami?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Cesta nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edmi, filozofiemi a sv\u011btov\u00fdmi n\u00e1zory<\/h3>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto byl naps\u00e1n tento \u010dl\u00e1nek. Ne proto, aby v\u00e1m dal definitivn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f. To by bylo pon\u011bkud troufal\u00e9. Ale sp\u00ed\u0161e klidn\u011b a srozumiteln\u011b shrnout odpov\u011bdi, kter\u00e9 na tuto ot\u00e1zku na\u0161la n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, filozofov\u00e9 a r\u016fzn\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le se t\u00edm zab\u00fdv\u00e1te, t\u00edm v\u00edce v\u00e1s vzru\u0161uje n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho: a\u010dkoli si mnoh\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a filozofie v n\u011bkter\u00fdch bodech siln\u011b odporuj\u00ed, ur\u010dit\u00e9 my\u0161lenky se st\u00e1le objevuj\u00ed. Zodpov\u011bdnost. Soucit. Spole\u010denstv\u00ed. L\u00e1ska. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed r\u016fst. Touha zanechat po sob\u011b n\u011bco smyslupln\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se proto pod\u00edv\u00e1me nejen na hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, jako je k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, isl\u00e1m, buddhismus a hinduismus, ale tak\u00e9 na filozofick\u00e9 sm\u011bry, jako je stoicismus, <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Existentialismus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Existencialismus<\/a> nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humanismus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Humanismus<\/a>. Pod\u00edv\u00e1me se tak\u00e9 na modern\u00ed t\u00e9mata, jako je konzumn\u00ed spole\u010dnost, sebeoptimalizace, um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a... <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transhumanismus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Transhumanismus<\/a> - Je tedy ot\u00e1zkou, zda hled\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu dnes nena\u0161lo jen nov\u00e9 formy.<\/p>\n<p>A mo\u017en\u00e1 si nakonec uv\u011bdom\u00edme, \u017ee pokud jde o ot\u00e1zku smyslu, je si lidstvo mnohem podobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se \u010dasto domn\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6077 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Warum.jpg\" alt=\"Ot\u00e1zka, pro\u010d\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Warum.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Warum-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Warum-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Warum-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Pro\u010d lid\u00e9 v\u016fbec hledaj\u00ed smysl \u017eivota<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed o smyslu \u017eivota, \u010dasto jde o mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e jen o to b\u00fdt \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd. \u0160t\u011bst\u00ed je n\u011bco, co zn\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt dobr\u00e9 j\u00eddlo, hezk\u00e1 dovolen\u00e1, chv\u00edle zamilovanosti nebo prost\u011b klidn\u00fd ve\u010der bez stresu. Ale smysl obvykle c\u00edt\u00edme jinak. Hlub\u0161\u00ed. Trvalej\u0161\u00ed. N\u011bkdy dokonce t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010clov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee vypadat \u0161\u0165astn\u011b, a p\u0159esto se uvnit\u0159 c\u00edtit pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 existuj\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed proch\u00e1zej\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi \u010dasy, a p\u0159esto maj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee jejich \u017eivot m\u00e1 smysl. Tento rozd\u00edl je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d ot\u00e1zka smyslu zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 lidstvo u\u017e tak dlouho.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee lid\u00e9 jsou z\u0159ejm\u011b jedni z m\u00e1la tvor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se t\u011bmito ot\u00e1zkami v\u011bdom\u011b zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed. Pt\u00e1k si stav\u00ed hn\u00edzdo. Jelen hled\u00e1 potravu. Ko\u010dka le\u017e\u00ed na slunci. Ale pokud v\u00edme, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e v noci nesp\u00ed a nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed, zda jeho \u017eivot pln\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fd hlub\u0161\u00ed smysl. Lid\u00e9 naproti tomu p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed o minulosti, budoucnosti, vin\u011b, odpov\u011bdnosti, smrti a smyslu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato schopnost je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u010din\u00ed siln\u00fdmi a zraniteln\u00fdmi z\u00e1rove\u0148. Proto\u017ee ti, kdo o sob\u011b dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let, si v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku automaticky za\u010dnou kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Pro\u010d jsem vlastn\u011b tady?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si vlastn\u00ed kone\u010dnosti<\/h3>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm bodem je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot je omezen\u00fd. D\u011bti o tom t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikdy nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed. \u010cas se jim zd\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nekone\u010dn\u00fd. S p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011bkem se to v\u0161ak \u010dasto pomalu m\u011bn\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9m okol\u00ed za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty, nemoci, odlou\u010den\u00ed nebo smrt. Rodi\u010de st\u00e1rnou. Z jejich \u017eivota miz\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9. M\u011bn\u00ed se vlastn\u00ed t\u011blo. A najednou se z abstraktn\u00ed my\u0161lenky stane re\u00e1ln\u00e1 zku\u0161enost: \u017eivot nen\u00ed neomezen\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto bod\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt ot\u00e1zka smyslu \u010dasto z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. To tak\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se mnoh\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, filozofie a sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory tak intenzivn\u011b zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed smrt\u00ed. Proto\u017ee bez kone\u010dnosti by ot\u00e1zka smyslu mo\u017en\u00e1 ani neexistovala ve stejn\u00e9 podob\u011b. Kdyby byl \u010das nekone\u010dn\u00fd, v\u0161e by se dalo znovu a znovu odkl\u00e1dat. Rozhodnut\u00ed by m\u011bla men\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu, vztahy men\u0161\u00ed hloubku. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee je \u017eivot omezen\u00fd, nab\u00fdv\u00e1 smyslu.<\/p>\n<p>To automaticky neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee smrt je pozitivn\u00ed. Ale zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee d\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoha v\u011bcem jejich hodnotu. Rozhovor s milovanou osobou se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 cenn\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee v\u00edte, \u017ee takov\u00e9 chv\u00edle nebudou trvat v\u011b\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Krize jako spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d hled\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu \u017eivota<\/h3>\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 patrn\u00e9, \u017ee lid\u00e9 \u010dasto hledaj\u00ed smysl \u017eivota v dob\u011b krize. Dokud v\u0161e funguje, lid\u00e9 o mnoha v\u011bcech t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed. Pracujete, v\u011bnujete se ka\u017edodenn\u00ed rutin\u011b, pl\u00e1nujete dal\u0161\u00ed dovolenou nebo \u0159e\u0161\u00edte drobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak n\u011bco n\u00e1hle zhrout\u00ed, n\u00e1\u0161 pohled na \u017eivot se \u010dasto zm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Odlou\u010den\u00ed. Ztr\u00e1ta milovan\u00e9 osoby. V\u00e1lka. Nezam\u011bstnanost. Osam\u011blost. Nebo prost\u011b jen pocit, \u017ee navzdory vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu \u00fasp\u011bchu je \u010dlov\u011bk uvnit\u0159 pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b v takov\u00fdch chv\u00edl\u00edch mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed znovu zkoumat sv\u016fj \u017eivot. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se pak obracej\u00ed k n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Jin\u00ed se obracej\u00ed k filozofii nebo psychologii. Jin\u00ed hledaj\u00ed odpov\u011bdi v meditaci, spiritualit\u011b nebo modern\u00edch sv\u00e9pomocn\u00fdch koncepc\u00edch. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u00fat\u011bchu ve spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Jin\u00ed v knih\u00e1ch, rozhovorech nebo vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Jde o to, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka smyslu se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b teoretickou, \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm zku\u0161enostem. Pak u\u017e nejde o abstraktn\u00ed diskuse, ale o zcela konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pro\u010d r\u00e1no vst\u00e1v\u00e1m?<\/li>\n<li>Pro\u010d stoj\u00ed za to pokra\u010dovat?<\/li>\n<li>Co mi pom\u00e1h\u00e1, kdy\u017e je to t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Modern\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk a star\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka<\/h3>\n<p>Mohlo by se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka smyslu by m\u011bla v modern\u00ed bohat\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti ji\u017e d\u00e1vno ztratit sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam. Nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nem\u011blo tolik lid\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k pohodl\u00ed, z\u00e1bav\u011b a technick\u00fdm mo\u017enostem jako dnes. P\u0159esto se zd\u00e1, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka orientace se sp\u00ed\u0161e zv\u011bt\u0161ila ne\u017e zmen\u0161ila.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fvodem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i skute\u010dnost, \u017ee modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti oslabily mnoho tradi\u010dn\u00edch struktur. N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, rodina, vesnick\u00e9 komunity nebo pevn\u00e9 vzory \u010dasto hr\u00e1ly siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli. Dnes se mnoh\u00e9 v\u011bci staly otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. To vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed svobodu, ale n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 nejistotu.<\/p>\n<p>Modern\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk se teoreticky m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010d\u00edmkoli. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b tato svoboda \u010dasto vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e9 tlaky. Kdy\u017e u\u017e neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jasn\u00e9 mantinely, mus\u00ed si ka\u017ed\u00fd poskl\u00e1dat tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed smysl. A to je mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9 zpo\u010d\u00e1tku mysl\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To by tak\u00e9 mohl b\u00fdt jeden z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se lid\u00e9 p\u0159es v\u0161echny rozd\u00edly zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed stejn\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami znovu a znovu u\u017e tis\u00edce let. Ne proto, \u017ee by byli slab\u00ed nebo zaostal\u00ed. Ale proto, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka smyslu je z\u0159ejm\u011b n\u011b\u010d\u00edm hluboce lidsk\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6078 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-42.jpg\" alt=\"Smysl \u017eivota-42\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-42.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-42-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-42-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-42-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Pro\u010d je humor n\u011bkdy bl\u00ed\u017ee pravd\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Je jen m\u00e1lo \u010d\u00edsel, kter\u00e1 si tolik lid\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b spont\u00e1nn\u011b spojuje se stejnou my\u0161lenkou jako \u010d\u00edslo 42. <em>\u201eOdpov\u011b\u010f na kone\u010dnou ot\u00e1zku o \u017eivot\u011b, vesm\u00edru a v\u0161em ostatn\u00edm\u201c<\/em> z <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stopa\u0159\u016fv pr\u016fvodce po Galaxii<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed na n\u011bm v\u0161ak nen\u00ed samotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 podstata le\u017e\u00ed mnohem hloub\u011bji. V p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu je postaven gigantick\u00fd superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 za miliony let vypo\u010d\u00edtat odpov\u011b\u010f na nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zku ze v\u0161ech. Kdy\u017e je v\u00fdsledek nakonec p\u0159edlo\u017een, je zcela neok\u00e1zal\u00fd:<\/p>\n<p><strong>42<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pak se uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee nikdo p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u00ed, jak\u00e1 byla skute\u010dn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento absurdn\u00ed moment proslavil tuto sc\u00e9nu po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Jednoduch\u00fd vtip se toti\u017e n\u00e1hle prom\u011bnil v dosti nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed: lid\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e1 n\u011bkdy zoufale tou\u017e\u00ed po definitivn\u00edch odpov\u011bd\u00edch, i kdy\u017e sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m pln\u011b nerozum\u011bj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d se lid\u00e9 sm\u011bj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm v\u011bcem<\/h3>\n<p>Paradoxn\u011b se humor \u010dasto objevuje tam, kde jsou lid\u00e9 konfrontov\u00e1ni s nejistotou, strachem nebo existenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi probl\u00e9my. To se projevuje nejen ve filozofick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch, ale i v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Lid\u00e9 vtipkuj\u00ed o st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, o smrti, o vztaz\u00edch, o nemoci nebo o kriz\u00edch. Okoln\u00ed lid\u00e9 to n\u011bkdy pova\u017euj\u00ed za neuctiv\u00e9. Ve skute\u010dnosti se v\u0161ak za t\u00edm \u010dasto skr\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bco \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>Humor pom\u00e1h\u00e1 lidem vyrovnat se s v\u011bcmi, kter\u00e9 nemohou pln\u011b ovlivnit. Zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o t\u00e9mata, jako je smrt nebo hled\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu \u017eivota, rychle vznik\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fd tlak. Mnoho lid\u00ed m\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee mus\u00ed naj\u00edt dokonalou odpov\u011b\u010f. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b to se jim v\u011bt\u0161inou neda\u0159\u00ed. Humor m\u016f\u017ee tento tlak na chv\u00edli zm\u00edrnit. Umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sn\u00e1\u0161et obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 to tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejhlub\u0161\u00edch my\u0161lenek lidstva z\u00e1rove\u0148 pon\u011bkud komick\u00e9. Dobr\u00e1 filozofie a dobr\u00fd humor k sob\u011b maj\u00ed n\u011bkdy p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b bl\u00edzko. Ob\u011b se \u010dasto sna\u017e\u00ed zviditelnit rozpory. Ob\u011b nastavuj\u00ed lidem zrcadlo. A ob\u011b ob\u010das ukazuj\u00ed, jak omezen\u00e9 jsou ve skute\u010dnosti lidsk\u00e1 kontrola a lidsk\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Mezi ironi\u00ed a up\u0159\u00edmnost\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Zejm\u00e9na modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed humor jako ochrann\u00fd mechanismus. Ironie je dnes p\u0159\u00edtomna t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude. Lid\u00e9 si d\u011blaj\u00ed legraci z politiky, spole\u010densk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje nebo vlastn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f. \u010casto to nen\u00ed zp\u016fsobeno lhostejnost\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e nejistotou nebo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00fdmi n\u00e1roky.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee humor m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy up\u0159\u00edmn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e velk\u00e9 a v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 projevy. Mal\u00fd vtip se n\u011bkdy dostane k j\u00e1dru situace p\u0159esn\u011bji ne\u017e slo\u017eit\u00e1 filozofick\u00e1 kniha.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fvod, pro\u010d film \u201e42\u201c dodnes tak dob\u0159e funguje, je ten, \u017ee je hloup\u00fd a hlubok\u00fd z\u00e1rove\u0148. M\u016f\u017eete se mu sm\u00e1t a p\u0159itom m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee je v n\u011bm kus pravdy. Ne nutn\u011b o smyslu \u017eivota jako takov\u00e9ho, ale o lidech a jejich v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9m hled\u00e1n\u00ed jednoduch\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00ed na slo\u017eit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n<h3>Lidsk\u00e9 hled\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu<\/h3>\n<p>Nakonec p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u201e42\u201c ukazuje je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco: lidstvo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nikdy nep\u0159estane hledat smysl. Dokonce i lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se pova\u017euj\u00ed za zcela racion\u00e1ln\u00ed, si v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku polo\u017e\u00ed ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, odpov\u011bdnosti, l\u00e1sky, pom\u00edjivosti nebo vlastn\u00edho m\u00edsta ve sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>A to je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b skute\u010dn\u00e1 pointa tohoto slavn\u00e9ho vtipu. Ne \u017ee by neexistovala odpov\u011b\u010f. Ale \u017ee samotn\u00e9 hled\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed toho, co n\u00e1s v\u016fbec d\u011bl\u00e1 lidmi.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum o smyslu \u017eivota<\/h3>\n<div class='bootstrap-yop yop-poll-mc'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"basic-yop-poll-container\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff; border:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:0px 5px;\" data-id=\"16\" data-temp=\"basic-pretty\" data-skin=\"square\" data-cscheme=\"blue\" data-cap=\"0\" data-access=\"guest\" data-tid=\"\" data-uid=\"61a700b05d99007f6e0b97d99a6c3d36\" data-pid=\"3727\" data-resdet=\"votes-number,percentages\" data-show-results-to=\"guest\" data-show-results-moment=\"after-vote\" data-show-results-only=\"false\" data-show-message=\"true\" data-show-results-as=\"bar\" data-sort-results-by=\"as-defined\" data-sort-results-rule=\"asc\"data-is-ended=\"0\" data-percentages-decimals=\"2\" data-gdpr=\"yes\" data-gdpr-sol=\"nostore\" data-css=\".basic-yop-poll-container[data-uid] .basic-vote {\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\" data-counter=\"0\" data-load-with=\"1\" data-notification-section=\"top\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"basic-inner\"><div class=\"basic-message hide\" style=\"border-left: 10px solid #008000; padding: 0px 10px;\" data-error=\"#ff0000\" data-success=\"#008000\"><p class=\"basic-message-text\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"basic-overlay hide\"><div class=\"basic-vote-options\"><\/div><div class=\"basic-preloader\"><div class=\"basic-windows8\"><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_1\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_2\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_3\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_4\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_5\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><form class=\"basic-form\" action=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"434a35ee54\" autocomplete=\"off\"><div class=\"basic-elements\"><div class=\"basic-element basic-question basic-question-text-vertical\" data-id=\"16\" data-uid=\"1a1de1e73d9dea4e9f487caa1a8999af\" data-type=\"question\" data-question-type=\"text\" data-required=\"yes\" data-allow-multiple=\"yes\" data-min=\"1\" data-max=\"2\" data-display=\"vertical\" data-colnum=\"\" data-display-others=\"no\" data-others-color=\"\" data-others=\"\" data-others-max-chars=\"0\"><div class=\"basic-question-title\"><h5 style=\"color:#000000; font-size:16px; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;\">Kde vy osobn\u011b vid\u00edte nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed smysl \u017eivota? (max. 2)<\/h5><\/div><ul class=\"basic-answers\"><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"109\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"0\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[109]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[109]\" name=\"answer[16]\" value=\"109\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">V oblasti l\u00e1sky, rodiny a vztah\u016f<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"110\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"1\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[110]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[110]\" name=\"answer[16]\" value=\"110\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">V osobn\u00ed svobod\u011b a seberealizaci<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"111\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"1\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[111]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[111]\" name=\"answer[16]\" value=\"111\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Ve v\u00ed\u0159e nebo spiritualit\u011b<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"112\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"1\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[112]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[112]\" name=\"answer[16]\" value=\"112\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Pom\u00e1hat a p\u0159isp\u00edvat ostatn\u00edm lidem<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"113\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"1\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[113]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[113]\" name=\"answer[16]\" value=\"113\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">V u\u010den\u00ed, porozum\u011bn\u00ed a vnit\u0159n\u00edm r\u016fstu<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"116\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"0\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[116]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[116]\" name=\"answer[16]\" value=\"116\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Ve v\u011bdom\u00e9m pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"117\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"1\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[117]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[117]\" name=\"answer[16]\" value=\"117\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">S\u00e1m si t\u00edm nejsem jist\u00fd<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"118\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"2\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[118]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[118]\" name=\"answer[16]\" value=\"118\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd objektivn\u00ed smysl<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-vote\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"button basic-vote-button\" role=\"button\" style=\"background:#027bb8; border:0px; border-style: solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:10px 10px; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\">Hlasujte na<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"cs\"\/><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed o smyslu \u017eivota - Lidstvo hled\u00e1 odpov\u011bdi<\/h2>\n<p>Pokud se zab\u00fdv\u00e1te ot\u00e1zkou smyslu \u017eivota, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 automaticky naraz\u00edte na n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a duchovn\u00ed tradice. To nen\u00ed nijak p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9. Po tis\u00edce let byla n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nejen syst\u00e9my v\u00edry, ale \u010dasto tak\u00e9 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00edmi modely lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota obecn\u011b. Odpov\u00eddala na ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se zrozen\u00ed, utrpen\u00ed, l\u00e1sky, viny, smrti a nad\u011bje. A sna\u017eila se vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d lid\u00e9 v\u016fbec existuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee odpov\u011bdi r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed se n\u011bkdy velmi li\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159esto se ur\u010dit\u00e9 my\u0161lenky st\u00e1le objevuj\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nepova\u017euj\u00ed lidi za produkt n\u00e1hody, ale za bytosti s odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed, d\u016fstojnost\u00ed a \u00fakolem. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude jde o spole\u010denstv\u00ed, soucit, sebeovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nebo o ot\u00e1zku, jak v\u00e9st dobr\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed se m\u00e1lokdy sna\u017eila jen o to, aby lid\u00e9 byli \u201e\u0161\u0165astn\u00ed\u201c. \u010casto \u0161lo sp\u00ed\u0161e o to, d\u00e1t \u017eivotu smysl i v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Zejm\u00e9na v dob\u00e1ch v\u00e1lek, nemoc\u00ed nebo ztr\u00e1t byly n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pohledy na sv\u011bt pro mnoho lid\u00ed jakousi vnit\u0159n\u00ed oporou.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed - l\u00e1ska, odpov\u011bdnost a nad\u011bje<\/h3>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christentum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed<\/a> je dodnes jedn\u00edm z nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jeho j\u00e1drem je my\u0161lenka, \u017ee lid\u00e9 neexistuj\u00ed n\u00e1hodou, ale jsou ur\u010deni Bohem. Podle k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 smysl \u017eivota p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve vztahu k Bohu a k druh\u00fdm lidem.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed roli zde hraj\u00ed pojmy jako l\u00e1ska, odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, soucit a odpov\u011bdnost. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vlivn\u00e1 se stala my\u0161lenka l\u00e1sky k bli\u017en\u00edmu. To znamen\u00e1 nejen b\u00fdt laskav\u00fd, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159evz\u00edt odpov\u011bdnost za druh\u00e9 lidi - zejm\u00e9na za ty slab\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed p\u0159isuzuje utrpen\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed m\u00edsto. Utrpen\u00ed nen\u00ed jednodu\u0161e ignorov\u00e1no nebo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za pouhou \u017eivotn\u00ed chybu. Naopak, v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed se vyvinula my\u0161lenka, \u017ee lid\u00e9 si mohou i v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch chv\u00edl\u00edch zachovat d\u016fstojnost a vnit\u0159n\u011b r\u016fst.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 hraje velkou roli nad\u011bje na posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot. Pro mnoho k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f \u017eivot nekon\u010d\u00ed biologickou smrt\u00ed, ale pokra\u010duje v jin\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Isl\u00e1m - oddanost, \u0159\u00e1d a spole\u010denstv\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Tak\u00e9 v <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Isl\u00e1m<\/a> se zam\u011b\u0159uje na vztah mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a Bohem. Pojem \u201eisl\u00e1m\u201c znamen\u00e1 oddanost nebo pod\u0159\u00edzenost Bohu. Smysl \u017eivota je tedy siln\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en na v\u011bdom\u00fd \u017eivot podle bo\u017esk\u00fdch z\u00e1sad.<\/p>\n<p>Nejde jen o modlitby nebo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly, ale tak\u00e9 o ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot. Rodina, poctivost, vst\u0159\u00edcnost, odpov\u011bdnost a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost hraj\u00ed v isl\u00e1msk\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1padn\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 siln\u00e1 vazba mezi komunitou a v\u00edrou. Lid\u00e9 nejsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ni jen jako jednotlivci, ale jako sou\u010d\u00e1st v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed se vz\u00e1jemnou odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako v k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed hraje i v isl\u00e1mu d\u016fle\u017eitou roli my\u0161lenka posmrtn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd \u017eivot je \u010dasto vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako ur\u010dit\u00fd druh zkou\u0161ky nebo p\u0159\u00edpravy.<\/p>\n<h3>Judaismus - pam\u011b\u0165, u\u010den\u00ed a odpov\u011bdnost<\/h3>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judentum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Judaismus<\/a> je jedn\u00edm z nejstar\u0161\u00edch monoteistick\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b a v \u0159ad\u011b ohled\u016f se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch tradic. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1padn\u00fd je siln\u00fd d\u016fraz na u\u010den\u00ed, diskusi a vzpom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Smysl \u017eivota zde \u010dasto nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v abstraktn\u00edm vykoupen\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e v samotn\u00e9m v\u011bdom\u00e9m a zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. Rodina, spole\u010denstv\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou vysoce cen\u011bny.<\/p>\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee judaismus m\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u011b silnou kulturu debat. Ot\u00e1zky, pochybnosti a odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdklady nejsou automaticky pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za probl\u00e9m, ale \u010dasto dokonce za d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 debaty. D\u00edky tomu se judaismus mnoha lidem jev\u00ed jako p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b modern\u00ed a pravdiv\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>Buddhismus - P\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed utrpen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhismus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Buddhismus<\/a> se v mnoh\u00e9m li\u0161\u00ed od monoteistick\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed se m\u00e9n\u011b na osobn\u00edho Boha a v\u00edce na ot\u00e1zku lidsk\u00e9ho utrpen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Podle buddhistick\u00e9ho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u010dasto trp\u00ed, proto\u017ee lp\u00ed na v\u011bcech, kter\u00e9 jsou pom\u00edjiv\u00e9: Naopak, \u010dlov\u011bk lp\u00ed na v\u011bcech, postaven\u00ed, moci, touh\u00e1ch nebo ur\u010dit\u00fdch p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch o vlastn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Smyslem \u017eivota proto nen\u00ed co nejv\u00edce hromadit, ale rozv\u00edjet vnit\u0159n\u00ed svobodu a realizaci. Je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, jak modern\u011b dnes n\u011bkter\u00e9 buddhistick\u00e9 my\u0161lenky p\u016fsob\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e1 t\u00e9mata p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed psychologick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u0161\u00edmavost,<\/li>\n<li>v\u011bdom\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>Kontrola nad vlastn\u00edmi my\u0161lenkami,<\/li>\n<li>Soucit,<\/li>\n<li>vnit\u0159n\u00ed klid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem je vysvobozen\u00ed z kolob\u011bhu utrpen\u00ed a znovuzrozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Hinduismus - Velk\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus<\/h3>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hinduismus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hinduismus<\/a> je jednou z nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch tradic v\u016fbec. Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha z\u00e1padn\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nem\u00e1 jednotnou doktr\u00ednu, ale zahrnuje mnoho proud\u016f a my\u0161lenek.<\/p>\n<p>Karma a znovuzrozen\u00ed zde hraj\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli. Podle hinduismu maj\u00ed \u010diny \u010dlov\u011bka dlouhodob\u00fd vliv na jeho pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed existence. Lid\u00e9 proch\u00e1zej\u00ed mnoha \u017eivoty a v jejich pr\u016fb\u011bhu se d\u00e1le vyv\u00edjej\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Smyslem \u017eivota je \u010dasto napln\u011bn\u00ed vlastn\u00ed dharmy - tj. osobn\u00edho \u017eivotn\u00edho \u00fakolu nebo povinnosti - a dlouhodob\u00e9 osvobozen\u00ed se od kolob\u011bhu znovuzrozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pohled na sv\u011bt, kter\u00fd je velmi dlouhodob\u00fd. Lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot nen\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n jen jako jedna kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 etapa, ale jako sou\u010d\u00e1st mnohem rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edho procesu.<\/p>\n<h3>Taoismus - \u017eivot v harmonii<\/h3>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daoismus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Taoismus<\/a> z \u010c\u00edny se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt pro mnoho lid\u00ed ze Z\u00e1padu obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b pochopiteln\u00fd. Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f je to, \u017ee pracuje s m\u00e9n\u011b pevn\u00fdmi pravidly ne\u017e mnoho jin\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jej\u00edm st\u0159edem je takzvan\u00e9 Tao - p\u0159irozen\u00e1 cesta nebo tok \u017eivota. Lid\u00e9 by nem\u011bli neust\u00e1le bojovat proti sv\u011btu, ale nau\u010dit se s n\u00edm \u017e\u00edt v harmonii.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je d\u016fraz na jednoduchost, klid a p\u0159irozenost. Mnoh\u00e9 taoistick\u00e9 my\u0161lenky p\u016fsob\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako protiklad k modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u00fasp\u011bchu a kontroly. Smysl \u017eivota zde spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b v dosahov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f a v\u00edce v harmonii, rovnov\u00e1ze a vnit\u0159n\u00edm klidu.<\/p>\n<h3>Sikhismus - rovnost a slu\u017eba lidem<\/h3>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sikhismus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sikhismus<\/a> poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Indie a kombinuje prvky r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch tradic. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jsou zejm\u00e9na rovnost, poctivost, spole\u010denstv\u00ed a slu\u017eba druh\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p>Podle t\u00e9to my\u0161lenky by lid\u00e9 nem\u011bli \u017e\u00edt ani extr\u00e9mn\u011b asketicky, ani sobecky, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e by m\u011bli p\u0159ijmout odpov\u011bdnost uprost\u0159ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Pr\u00e1ce, rodina a duchovno pat\u0159\u00ed k sob\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 siln\u00e9 odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed kastovn\u00edho my\u0161len\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnosti. Mnoho sikhsk\u00fdch komunit st\u00e1le provozuje ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b, kde se lid\u00e9 mohou zdarma spole\u010dn\u011b naj\u00edst bez ohledu na sv\u016fj p\u016fvod nebo n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Konfucianismus - \u0159\u00e1d a lidsk\u00e9 vztahy<\/h3>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konfuzianismus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Konfucianismus<\/a> je \u010dasto pova\u017eov\u00e1n sp\u00ed\u0161e za filozofii ne\u017e za klasick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. P\u0159esto charakterizuje velkou \u010d\u00e1st Asie ji\u017e tis\u00edce let.<\/p>\n<p>Zam\u011b\u0159uje se m\u00e9n\u011b na metafyzick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a v\u00edce na lidsk\u00e9 vztahy. Hlavn\u00ed roli hraje rodina, \u00facta, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, odpov\u011bdnost a spole\u010densk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d.<\/p>\n<p>Podle konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed se smysl \u017eivota vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm odpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed k druh\u00fdm lidem. Za zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u016fle\u017eitou je pova\u017eov\u00e1na harmonie v rodin\u011b a spole\u010dnosti. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee tento n\u00e1zor dodnes ovliv\u0148uje mnoho asijsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>R\u016fzn\u00e9 cesty - podobn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h3>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le \u010dlov\u011bk tyto pohledy na sv\u011bt studuje, t\u00edm je mu jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u011bco p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9ho: P\u0159esto\u017ee se odpov\u011bdi v mnoha detailech li\u0161\u00ed, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b podobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude jde o vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se s utrpen\u00edm, odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed, spole\u010denstv\u00edm, soucitem a pom\u00edjivost\u00ed. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude se objevuje varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed omezov\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eivota na majetek, moc nebo kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jeden z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bod\u016f. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se lidstvo po tis\u00edce let neshodlo na stejn\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00edch - ale z\u0159ejm\u011b se st\u00e1le vrac\u00ed ke stejn\u00fdm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6079 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Philosophen.jpg\" alt=\"Filozofov\u00e9 o ot\u00e1zce smyslu \u017eivota\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Philosophen.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Philosophen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Philosophen-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Philosophen-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Filozofov\u00e9 - smysl bez n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed?<\/h2>\n<p>Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd nach\u00e1z\u00ed odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zku smyslu v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch nebo duchovn\u00edch tradic\u00edch. Ji\u017e od starov\u011bku existovali filozofov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017eili pochopit \u017eivot pouze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm my\u0161len\u00ed, pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a lidsk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich v\u011b\u0159ili ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d, jin\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry odm\u00edtali. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni se v\u0161ak v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku zab\u00fdvali stejn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Co d\u011bl\u00e1 dobr\u00fd \u017eivot dobr\u00fdm?<\/li>\n<li>Jak se vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1te s utrpen\u00edm?<\/li>\n<li>Co z\u016fstane na konci?<\/li>\n<li>A jak se orientovat v nejist\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 filozofick\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b modern\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 my\u0161lenky jsou star\u00e9 v\u00edce ne\u017e dva tis\u00edce let, a p\u0159esto p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b dob\u0159e zapadaj\u00ed do dne\u0161n\u00edho sv\u011bta. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto dnes n\u011bkter\u00e9 filozofick\u00e9 my\u0161lenkov\u00e9 sm\u011bry za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jakousi renesanci.<\/p>\n<h3>Stoikov\u00e9 - klid v chaotick\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>Stoicismus vznikl ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158ecku a pozd\u011bji byl d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjen v \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. Mezi jeho zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u0159edstavitele pat\u0159ili Seneca, Epikt\u00e9tos a Marcus Aurelius.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenka stoik\u016f se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt na prvn\u00ed pohled jednoduch\u00e1: lid\u00e9 by se m\u011bli nau\u010dit rozli\u0161ovat mezi t\u00edm, co mohou ovl\u00e1dat - a t\u00edm, co ovl\u00e1dat nemohou. Podle stoik\u016f vznik\u00e1 mnoho probl\u00e9m\u016f proto, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 sna\u017e\u00ed ovl\u00e1dat v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 jsou mimo jejich kontrolu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>chov\u00e1n\u00ed ostatn\u00edch lid\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>minulosti,<\/li>\n<li>smrt,<\/li>\n<li>Nemoci,<\/li>\n<li>spole\u010densk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj nebo n\u00e1hody.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Smysl \u017eivota tedy nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v neust\u00e1l\u00e9m boji s realitou, ale v rozvoji charakteru, vnit\u0159n\u00ed stability a rozumu. Lid\u00e9 by se m\u011bli sna\u017eit \u017e\u00edt d\u016fstojn\u011b a zodpov\u011bdn\u011b, i kdy\u017e sv\u011bt z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 chaotick\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b dnes se tato my\u0161lenka zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. V dob\u011b neust\u00e1l\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v, krizov\u00fdch hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a digit\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9 op\u011bt hledaj\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed klid nam\u00edsto st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontroly.<\/p>\n<h3>Existencialismus - \u010dlov\u011bk si mus\u00ed vytvo\u0159it sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed smysl \u017eivota<\/h3>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed \u010dasto p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee existuje p\u0159edem dan\u00fd smysl, existencialist\u00e9 tuto ot\u00e1zku do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry obr\u00e1tili. Filozofov\u00e9 jako Jean-Paul Sartre a Albert Camus p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee \u017eivot zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pevn\u00fd smysl.<\/p>\n<p>Na prvn\u00ed pohled to zn\u00ed chmurn\u011b, ale nemus\u00ed to b\u00fdt nutn\u011b pesimistick\u00e9. Podle existencialistick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed jsou lid\u00e9 vr\u017eeni do sv\u011bta bez hotov\u00fdch n\u00e1vod\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom v\u0161ak spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 svoboda. Lid\u00e9 se mus\u00ed sami rozhodnout, k\u00fdm cht\u011bj\u00ed b\u00fdt a jak\u00fd smysl m\u00e1 m\u00edt jejich \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p>Albert Camus se proslavil zejm\u00e9na sv\u00fdm obrazem Sisyfa. V \u0159eck\u00e9 mytologii je Sisyfos odsouzen k tomu, aby znovu a znovu valil k\u00e1men na horu, aby se t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed vrcholem op\u011bt skut\u00e1lel dol\u016f. Camus v tom vid\u011bl symbol lidsk\u00e9 existence. P\u0159esto doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru: \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee naj\u00edt d\u016fstojnost i ve zd\u00e1nliv\u011b absurdn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, kdy\u017e v\u011bdom\u011b pokra\u010duje v \u017eivot\u011b a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed si vlastn\u00ed smysl.<\/p>\n<p>Zejm\u00e9na modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v sob\u011b skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed mnoho existencialistick\u00fdch prvk\u016f. Svoboda, seberealizace a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed cesty dnes hraj\u00ed mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed roli ne\u017e v minulosti. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je to pr\u00e1v\u011b tato svoboda, kter\u00e1 \u010dasto vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed novou nejistotu.<\/p>\n<h3>Humanismus - Lid\u00e9 v centru d\u011bn\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Humanismus se pokou\u0161\u00ed zd\u016fvodnit smysl a etiku bez p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9ho odkazu na Boha. Nam\u00edsto bo\u017e\u00edch p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed se zde do pop\u0159ed\u00ed dost\u00e1v\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 d\u016fstojnost, rozum, svoboda a odpov\u011bdnost.<\/p>\n<p>Podle humanistick\u00fdch my\u0161lenek by lid\u00e9 nem\u011bli jednat mor\u00e1ln\u011b ze strachu z trestu, ale proto, \u017ee soucit, spravedlnost a vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd respekt zlep\u0161uj\u00ed sou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho modern\u00edch demokraci\u00ed a my\u0161lenek lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v bylo siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bno humanismem. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u011bda, svoboda projevu a osobn\u00ed svoboda jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00e1klady smyslupln\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee humanist\u00e9 \u010dasto nevid\u00ed smysl \u017eivota v jedin\u00e9 velk\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e ve v\u011bdom\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 interakci, v u\u010den\u00ed, v pomoci a ve snaze zanechat sv\u011bt o n\u011bco lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Nihilismus - Kdy\u017e se v\u0161e zd\u00e1 nesmysln\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Snad \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd filozofick\u00fd sm\u011br nen\u00ed tak \u010dasto nepochopen jako nihilismus. \u010casto je jednodu\u0161e ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1n s beznad\u011bj\u00ed nebo depres\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenka zpo\u010d\u00e1tku st\u0159\u00edzliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: podle nihilistick\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd objektivn\u00ed, univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed smysl \u017eivota. Hodnoty, mor\u00e1lka a v\u00fdznamy jsou v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku lidsk\u00fdm konstruktem.<\/p>\n<p>Zn\u00ed to drsn\u011b, ale historicky vznikl tak\u00e9 jako reakce na ztr\u00e1tu tradi\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch jistot. Zejm\u00e9na v modern\u00ed dob\u011b se mnoho lid\u00ed ptalo, co jim zbylo, kdy\u017e star\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v\u00edry ztratily sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n<p>Nihilismus nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b v\u00e9st k zoufalstv\u00ed. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 lidi je to dokonce osvobozuj\u00edc\u00ed my\u0161lenka. Kdy\u017e neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159edem dan\u00fd smysl, vznik\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost vytvo\u0159it si smysl s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u011b to v\u0161ak ukazuje i na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed modern\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed: Kdy\u017e se v\u0161e zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt libovoln\u00e9, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed orientaci. Pr\u00e1v\u011b z tohoto d\u016fvodu se pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed filozofov\u00e9 intenzivn\u011b zab\u00fdvali ot\u00e1zkou, jak \u017e\u00edt smyslupln\u00fd \u017eivot navzdory nejistot\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Schopenhauer - Nekone\u010dn\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 v\u016fle<\/h3>\n<p>Arthur Schopenhauer m\u011bl rozhodn\u011b pochmurn\u00fd pohled na lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot. Podle n\u011bj jsou lid\u00e9 neust\u00e1le hn\u00e1ni nov\u00fdmi touhami a pot\u0159ebami. Jakmile je dosa\u017eeno jednoho c\u00edle, objev\u00ed se dal\u0161\u00ed touha. V d\u016fsledku toho se podle Schopenhauera lid\u00e9 \u010dasto zm\u00edtaj\u00ed mezi stresem, nespokojenost\u00ed a nudou.<\/p>\n<p>Je v\u0161ak zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee Schopenhauer nebyl jen pesimistou. V\u00fdchodisko vid\u011bl v um\u011bn\u00ed, soucitu, pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody a do\u010dasn\u00e9m opro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se od neust\u00e1l\u00fdch tu\u017eeb. Mnoh\u00e9 jeho my\u0161lenky p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed buddhistick\u00e9 ideje.<\/p>\n<p>Zejm\u00e9na v modern\u00ed konzumn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti se jeho post\u0159ehy zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 prorock\u00e9. Nov\u00e9 produkty, nov\u00e9 c\u00edle a nov\u00e9 sliby sebeoptimalizace \u010dasto p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed pouze kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 uspokojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Nietzsche - \u010clov\u011bk jako tv\u016frce vlastn\u00edch hodnot<\/h3>\n<p>Friedrich Nietzsche je st\u00e1le jedn\u00edm z nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejnepochopen\u011bj\u0161\u00edch myslitel\u016f modern\u00ed doby. Proslul\u00fdm se stal mimo jin\u00e9 jeho v\u00fdrok \u201eB\u016fh je mrtev\u201c. Ne\u0161lo ani tak o \u00fatok na n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e o konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my v\u00edry ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed v modern\u00edch spole\u010dnostech svou z\u00e1vaznost.<\/p>\n<p>Nietzsche to pova\u017eoval za obrovskou v\u00fdzvu. Kdy\u017e se star\u00e9 hodnoty rozpadnou, hroz\u00ed dezorientace. Sou\u010dasn\u011b je tu v\u0161ak i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch hodnot. Podle Nietzscheho by se lid\u00e9 nem\u011bli pouze \u0159\u00eddit existuj\u00edc\u00edmi pravidly, ale m\u011bli by p\u0159evz\u00edt odpov\u011bdnost za sv\u016fj \u017eivot a rozv\u00edjet odvahu myslet sami za sebe.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee Nietzsche ji\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku varoval p\u0159ed vnit\u0159n\u011b pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdm materialismem. Spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 by se soust\u0159edila pouze na pohodl\u00ed, bezpe\u010d\u00ed a komfort, by v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu ztratila sv\u016fj vnit\u0159n\u00ed pohon.<\/p>\n<h3>Viktor Frankl - Smysl i v utrpen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>M\u00e1lokter\u00fd filozof nebo psycholog se k ot\u00e1zce smyslu vyjad\u0159uje tak dob\u0159e jako Viktor Frankl. Frankl p\u0159e\u017eil n\u011bkolik nacistick\u00fdch koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f a pozd\u011bji vyvinul tzv. logoterapii. Jeho \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm post\u0159ehem bylo, \u017ee lid\u00e9 mohou \u017e\u00edt d\u00e1l i v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, pokud v nich vid\u00ed smysl. Jeho v\u00fdrok se stal slavn\u00fdm:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201eKdy\u017e m\u00e1\u0161 pro\u010d \u017e\u00edt, vydr\u017e\u00ed\u0161 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cokoli.\u201c<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Pro Frankla nespo\u010d\u00edval smysl \u017eivota pouze ve \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nebo \u00fasp\u011bchu. Smysl m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt tak\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnost, l\u00e1ska, postoj nebo zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se \u010dlov\u011bk vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 s utrpen\u00edm. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto jsou jeho my\u0161lenky dodnes tak siln\u00e9. Spojuj\u00ed filozofii nejen s teori\u00ed, ale i s re\u00e1lnou lidskou zku\u0161enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>R\u016fzn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi - stejn\u00e9 hled\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>A\u0165 u\u017e jde o stoiky, existencialisty, humanisty nebo nihilisty - filozofov\u00e9 se nakonec v\u017edy zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed stejn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami jako n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Jak \u017e\u00edt smyslupln\u00fd \u017eivot? Co \u010dlov\u011bka podr\u017e\u00ed v krizov\u00fdch situac\u00edch? A jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s pom\u00edjivost\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>Odpov\u011bdi se r\u016fzn\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pova\u017euj\u00ed smysl za n\u011bco dan\u00e9ho, jin\u00ed za n\u011bco, co si sami vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny filozofick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy v\u0161ak nakonec ukazuj\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e: zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee lid\u00e9 nejsou stvo\u0159eni k tomu, aby \u017eili zcela nesmysln\u00e9 \u017eivoty.<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow: auto;\">\n<table>\n<thead style=\"background: #f2f2f2;\">\n<tr>\n<th>Pohled na sv\u011bt<\/th>\n<th>Smysl \u017eivota<\/th>\n<th>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed motiv<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli \u017e\u00edt v l\u00e1sce, odpov\u011bdnosti a vztahu s Bohem a nal\u00e9zat nad\u011bji i po smrti.<\/td>\n<td>Charita, vykoupen\u00ed a nad\u011bje<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Katolick\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smysl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u00ed\u0159e, spole\u010denstv\u00ed, sv\u00e1tostech a \u017eivot\u011b podle k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch hodnot.<\/td>\n<td>Tradice, spole\u010denstv\u00ed a vykoupen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Evangelik\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 nach\u00e1zej\u00ed smysl \u017eivota ve v\u00ed\u0159e, sv\u011bdom\u00ed, odpov\u011bdnosti a osobn\u00edm vztahu s Bohem.<\/td>\n<td>V\u00edra a osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Helmut Thielicke \/ Protestantsk\u00e1 existenci\u00e1ln\u00ed teologie<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u010clov\u011bk nach\u00e1z\u00ed smysl v odpov\u011bdnosti p\u0159ed Bohem, ve sv\u011bdom\u00ed, v l\u00e1sce k bli\u017en\u00edmu a ve vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se s vinou, strachem a kone\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/td>\n<td>D\u016fstojnost, odpov\u011bdnost a c\u00edlev\u011bdomost navzdory nejistot\u011b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Isl\u00e1m<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli slou\u017eit Bohu, jednat mor\u00e1ln\u011b a chovat se k ostatn\u00edm lidem spravedliv\u011b.<\/td>\n<td>Oddanost, \u0159\u00e1d a odpov\u011bdnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Judaismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smysl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u011bdom\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, u\u010den\u00ed se, pamatov\u00e1n\u00ed si a odpov\u011bdn\u00e9m jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci komunity.<\/td>\n<td>Tradice, odpov\u011bdnost a spole\u010denstv\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Buddhismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat utrpen\u00ed a rozv\u00edjet vnit\u0159n\u00ed svobodu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm realizace a soucitu.<\/td>\n<td>Rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed utrpen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Hinduismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli napl\u0148ovat svou dharmu a dlouhodob\u011b se vymanit z kolob\u011bhu znovuzrozen\u00ed.<\/td>\n<td>Karma, v\u00fdvoj a osvobozen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Taoismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smysl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v \u017eivot\u011b v souladu s p\u0159irozen\u00fdm proudem \u017eivota.<\/td>\n<td>Harmonie a klid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Sikhismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli \u017e\u00edt poctiv\u011b, pracovat, d\u011blit se a slou\u017eit druh\u00fdm lidem.<\/td>\n<td>Rovnost a slu\u017eba druh\u00fdm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Konfucianismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smysl \u017eivota se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch vztah\u016f, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed harmonie.<\/td>\n<td>\u0158\u00e1d, rodina a odpov\u011bdnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Stoicismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli rozv\u00edjet vnit\u0159n\u00ed klid a nau\u010dit se p\u0159ij\u00edmat nezvladateln\u00e9.<\/td>\n<td>Klid a v\u00fdvoj postavy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Existencialismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u017divot nem\u00e1 p\u0159edem dan\u00fd smysl. Lid\u00e9 si mus\u00ed smysl vytv\u00e1\u0159et sami.<\/td>\n<td>Svoboda a osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Humanismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smysl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v lidskosti, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, svobod\u011b a odpov\u011bdn\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/td>\n<td>D\u016fstojnost a lidskost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nihilismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd objektivn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. V\u00fdznamy si vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed lid\u00e9 sami.<\/td>\n<td>Radik\u00e1ln\u00ed otev\u0159enost a kritika v\u00fdznamu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Arthur Schopenhauer<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli rozpoznat nekone\u010dnou v\u016fli a naj\u00edt klid prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soucitu, um\u011bn\u00ed a vnit\u0159n\u00edho odstupu.<\/td>\n<td>Utrpen\u00ed, soucit a odch\u00e1zen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Friedrich Nietzsche<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 by si m\u011bli vytv\u00e1\u0159et vlastn\u00ed hodnoty a p\u0159evz\u00edt odpov\u011bdnost za sv\u016fj \u017eivot.<\/td>\n<td>Sebedobyt\u00ed a nez\u00e1vislost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Viktor Frankl \/ Logoterapie<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smysl vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost, l\u00e1ska, postoj a zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se lid\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed s utrpen\u00edm.<\/td>\n<td>Smysl jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed zdroj s\u00edly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Agnosticismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 se sm\u00ed\u0159\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee velk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky nebudou nikdy zcela zodpov\u011bzeny.<\/td>\n<td>Otev\u0159enost a pochybnosti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Ateismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 si sami vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed smysl prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vztah\u016f, zku\u0161enost\u00ed a odpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/td>\n<td>Osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Materialistick\u00fd ateismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u017divot je jedine\u010dn\u00fd a nab\u00fdv\u00e1 smyslu pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky sv\u00e9 kone\u010dnosti.<\/td>\n<td>Pom\u00edjivost a realita<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Epikureismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smysl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v klidn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b beze strachu, v p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed a vnit\u0159n\u00edm klidu.<\/td>\n<td>Jednoduchost a klid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Transhumanismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 limity prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm technologi\u00ed a d\u00e1le se rozv\u00edjet.<\/td>\n<td>Pokrok a sebeoptimalizace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Modern\u00ed konzumn\u00ed spole\u010dnost<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>V\u00fdznam je \u010dasto definov\u00e1n \u00fasp\u011bchem, postaven\u00edm, dosahem a spot\u0159ebou.<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed a sebeprezentace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Duchovn\u00ed modernita \/ New Age<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli naj\u00edt vnit\u0159n\u00ed harmonii, uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed a osobn\u00ed rozvoj.<\/td>\n<td>Sebepozn\u00e1n\u00ed a spiritualita<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Co maj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory spole\u010dn\u00e9ho<\/h2>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le \u010dlov\u011bk studuje n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, filozofie a sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, t\u00edm p\u0159ekvapiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je jist\u00fd post\u0159eh: rozd\u00edly jsou \u010dasto velk\u00e9, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenky se st\u00e1le opakuj\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se tyto my\u0161lenky objevily nez\u00e1visle na sob\u011b ve zcela odli\u0161n\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch a epoch\u00e1ch. P\u0159esto lid\u00e9 po tis\u00edce let p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b \u010dasto doch\u00e1zej\u00ed k podobn\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm o tom, co p\u0159edstavuje smyslupln\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p>To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161echna n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo filozofie \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e. Rozd\u00edly v t\u00e9matech, jako je B\u016fh, reinkarnace, mor\u00e1lka nebo \u017eivot po smrti, jsou n\u011bkdy zna\u010dn\u00e9. Pod povrchem v\u0161ak lze rozpoznat ur\u010dit\u00e9 opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se vzorce.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to je jeden z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bod\u016f. Kdy\u017e se v naprosto odli\u0161n\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch po dlouhou dobu vyv\u00edjej\u00ed podobn\u00e9 hodnoty, m\u011bli bychom se p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm zamyslet nad t\u00edm, zda za t\u00edm nen\u00ed n\u011bco v\u00edc ne\u017e pouh\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda.<\/p>\n<h3>Zodpov\u011bdnost m\u00edsto bezmezn\u00e9ho sobectv\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch spole\u010dn\u00fdch jmenovatel\u016f je ot\u00e1zka odpov\u011bdnosti. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny hlavn\u00ed sv\u011bton\u00e1zory varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b sobeck\u00fdm \u017eivotem. K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed o l\u00e1sce k bli\u017en\u00edmu. Buddhismus mluv\u00ed o soucitu. V isl\u00e1mu se hovo\u0159\u00ed o odpov\u011bdnosti v\u016f\u010di Bohu a komunit\u011b. Humanismus hovo\u0159\u00ed o mor\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti v\u016f\u010di druh\u00fdm lidem. Dokonce i stoicismus po\u017eaduje, abychom jednali racion\u00e1ln\u011b a odpov\u011bdn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u010dasto kladou velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na osobn\u00ed svobodu. Svoboda je nepochybn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. Mnoho star\u0161\u00edch tradic v\u0161ak spojuje v\u00fdznam m\u00e9n\u011b s \u00faplnou nez\u00e1vislost\u00ed a v\u00edce s odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed. Rodina, spole\u010denstv\u00ed, d\u011bti, p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed nebo p\u00e9\u010de o druh\u00e9 lidi jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude.<\/p>\n<p>To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee individualita nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. Mnoh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory v\u0161ak z\u0159ejm\u011b varuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u017eivot, kter\u00fd se to\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b kolem vlastn\u00edho ega, se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t dlouhodob\u011b vnit\u0159n\u011b pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<h3>Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00fd bod se t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstupu k hmotn\u00e9mu bohatstv\u00ed. A\u010dkoli si n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a filozofie v mnoha ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch odporuj\u00ed, p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b mnoho z nich varuje p\u0159ed \u010dist\u011b materialistick\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem.<\/p>\n<p>Buddhismus \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159ipoutanost k majetku a touh\u00e1m zp\u016fsobuje utrpen\u00ed. K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed varuje p\u0159ed chamtivost\u00ed. Stoici kritizuj\u00ed z\u00e1vislost na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bcech. Schopenhauer popisuje nekone\u010dn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 touhy. I modern\u00ed psychologov\u00e9 dnes hovo\u0159\u00ed o tzv. h\u00e9donistick\u00e9m b\u011bhounu - efektu, kdy si lid\u00e9 velmi rychle zvyknou na nov\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy nebo spot\u0159ebu a pak jsou op\u011bt nespokojeni.<\/p>\n<p>Ne v\u017edy to v\u0161ak automaticky znamen\u00e1, \u017ee majetek nebo bohatstv\u00ed jsou \u0161patn\u00e9. Mnoh\u00e9 tradice bohatstv\u00ed v z\u00e1sad\u011b neodm\u00edtaj\u00ed. Kritick\u00fdm se obvykle st\u00e1v\u00e1 a\u017e tehdy, kdy\u017e se spot\u0159eba stane skute\u010dn\u00fdm smyslem \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee zejm\u00e9na modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti na to n\u011bkdy \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed. Nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nebylo k dispozici tolik technick\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed, z\u00e1bavy a spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch nab\u00eddek. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 mnoho lid\u00ed hl\u00e1s\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed pr\u00e1zdnotu, dezorientaci nebo osam\u011blost, a to navzdory vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu blahobytu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to jeden z nejstar\u0161\u00edch post\u0159eh\u016f lidstva: samotn\u00e9 pohodl\u00ed smysl nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Spole\u010denstv\u00ed jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 pot\u0159eba<\/h3>\n<p>Obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam komunity je tak\u00e9 zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny tradi\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011bton\u00e1zory vn\u00edmaj\u00ed lidi nikoli jako izolovan\u00e9 jedince, ale jako sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch spole\u010densk\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Rodina, p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, komunita nebo vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 pomoc hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli prakticky v\u0161ude. Dokonce i filozofov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed kladou velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na svobodu jednotlivce, obvykle uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 jsou spole\u010densk\u00e9 bytosti.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee a\u010dkoli se zd\u00e1, \u017ee modern\u00ed spole\u010dnost je st\u00e1le v\u00edce propojena technologick\u00fdmi s\u00edt\u011bmi, mnoho lid\u00ed se z\u00e1rove\u0148 c\u00edt\u00ed osam\u011bleji. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace automaticky nenahrazuje skute\u010dnou bl\u00edzkost. To pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d maj\u00ed t\u00e9mata jako spole\u010denstv\u00ed, soun\u00e1le\u017eitost a vztahy i dnes tak siln\u00fd emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee lid\u00e9 nejsou uzp\u016fsobeni k tomu, aby dlouhodob\u011b \u017eili zcela osam\u011ble.<\/p>\n<h3>Vnit\u0159n\u00ed r\u016fst m\u00edsto stagnace<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm spole\u010dn\u00fdm bodem je my\u0161lenka, \u017ee lid\u00e9 by se m\u011bli rozv\u00edjet intern\u011b. I kdy\u017e se pro to pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed velmi r\u016fzn\u00e9 term\u00edny, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenka je v\u017edy stejn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Buddhismus hovo\u0159\u00ed o osv\u00edcen\u00ed. K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed mluv\u00ed o duchovn\u00edm r\u016fstu nebo posv\u011bcen\u00ed. Stoici mluv\u00ed o ctnosti a rozvoji charakteru. Humanist\u00e9 kladou d\u016fraz na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a osobn\u00ed rozvoj. Nietzsche vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed pohodlnosti. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude se \u010dlov\u011bk jev\u00ed jako tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc nedokon\u010den\u00e1 bytost. Smysl tedy nevznik\u00e1 jen d\u00edky vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu \u00fasp\u011bchu, ale tak\u00e9 d\u00edky vnit\u0159n\u00edmu zr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, proto\u017ee modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u010dasto spojuj\u00ed rozvoj p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s kari\u00e9rou, postaven\u00edm nebo \u00fasp\u011bchem. Naproti tomu mnoh\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed tradice ch\u00e1paly r\u016fst sp\u00ed\u0161e v pojmech charakteru, moudrosti, sebeovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nebo soucitu. To pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se u n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed navzdory profesn\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm objevuje pocit, \u017ee se dostali do vnit\u0159n\u00ed slep\u00e9 uli\u010dky.<\/p>\n<h3>Soucit jako \u00fa\u017easn\u011b univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnota<\/h3>\n<p>Jen m\u00e1lo v\u011bc\u00ed se objevuje tak \u010dasto jako my\u0161lenka soucitu. A\u010dkoli n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a filozofie maj\u00ed zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 pohledy na sv\u011bt, p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b mnoho z nich pova\u017euje soucit za \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed lidskou ctnost.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed klade d\u016fraz na dobro\u010dinnost. Buddhismus dokonce klade soucit do centra mnoha u\u010den\u00ed. V isl\u00e1mu hraje soucit v\u00fdznamnou roli. Humanist\u00e9 mor\u00e1ln\u011b argumentuj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b lidsk\u00e9 empatie. Dokonce i mnoh\u00e9 nen\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 filozofie uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 mohou jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed vytvo\u0159it stabiln\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed bez soucitu.<\/p>\n<p>To je pozoruhodn\u00e9. Teoreticky se lidsk\u00e9 kultury mohly vyv\u00edjet mnohem v\u00edce sm\u011brem k \u010dist\u011b mocensk\u00fdm nebo konkuren\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016fm. M\u00edsto toho se st\u00e1le znovu objevuje my\u0161lenka, \u017ee ohleduplnost, p\u00e9\u010de a soucit jsou ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho byt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to jeden z nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f, \u017ee pro mnoho lid\u00ed m\u00e1 smysl nejen osobn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch, ale tak\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<h3>Kone\u010dnost \u010din\u00ed \u017eivot cenn\u00fdm<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1jem o smrt a pom\u00edjivost spojuje tak\u00e9 mnoho sv\u011btov\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot, jin\u00ed ne. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni v\u0161ak uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee kone\u010dn\u00e1 povaha \u017eivota hraje \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee \u010das je omezen\u00fd, nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed na v\u00e1ze. Vztahy se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00fdmi. Vzpom\u00ednky nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed na v\u00fdznamu. Mnoho filozof\u016f a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed proto vn\u00edm\u00e1 smrt nejen jako biologick\u00fd konec, ale tak\u00e9 jako n\u011bco, co d\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eivotu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hloubku.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u010dasto t\u00e9ma smrti z ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry vyt\u011bs\u0148uj\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se zd\u00e1, \u017ee strach z pom\u00edjivosti se t\u00edm nijak nezmen\u0161uje. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je dokonce je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Lidstvo je si pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b podobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si uv\u011bdomuje.<\/p>\n<p>Nakonec z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159es v\u0161echny rozd\u00edly se zd\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 po tis\u00edce let st\u00e1le znovu hledaj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 v\u011bci:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bl\u00edzkost,<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdznam,<\/li>\n<li>Spole\u010denstv\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>Odpov\u011bdnost,<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e1ska,<\/li>\n<li>Orientace,<\/li>\n<li>vnit\u0159n\u00ed klid<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>a pocit, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot je v\u00edc ne\u017e pouh\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda.<\/p>\n<p>To je mo\u017en\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro ot\u00e1zky smyslu. Ne nutn\u011b, \u017ee v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 najdou stejnou odpov\u011b\u010f. Ale sp\u00ed\u0161e to, \u017ee se lidstvo z\u0159ejm\u011b u\u017e tis\u00edce let to\u010d\u00ed kolem stejn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Helmut-Thielicke.jpg\" alt=\"Helmut Thielicke Portr\u00e9t\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Helmut-Thielicke.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Helmut-Thielicke-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Helmut-Thielicke-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Helmut-Thielicke-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Helmut Thielicke - Teolog pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e mluv\u00edte o ot\u00e1zce smyslu, d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji nevyhnuteln\u011b naraz\u00edte na velk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, filozofy a sv\u011btozn\u00e1m\u00e9 myslitele. N\u011bkdy v\u0161ak nezanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 trval\u00fd dojem ta mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jm\u00e9na, ale lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed dok\u00e1zali sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky p\u0159edat neoby\u010dejn\u011b lidsk\u00fdm a pravdiv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n<p>Proto bych se v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku cht\u011bl podrobn\u011bji v\u011bnovat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm t\u00e9mat\u016fm <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helmut_Thielicke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Helmut Thielicke<\/a> vstoupit do. D\u016fvod\u016f je n\u011bkolik. Za prv\u00e9, s\u00e1m poch\u00e1z\u00edm z protestantsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, alespo\u0148 kulturn\u011b, i kdy\u017e jsem nikdy nebyl zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk. Za druh\u00e9 je tu i jist\u00e1 osobn\u00ed souvislost. Moji nevlastn\u00ed rodi\u010de \u017eili v Hamburku asi p\u0159ed pades\u00e1ti lety a sly\u0161eli tehdy Thielickeho mluvit. M\u011bl tam p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky a k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9 i v okol\u00ed hambursk\u00e9ho michelsk\u00e9ho kostela, a na mnoho lid\u00ed musel m\u00edt mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee si ho dodnes p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed i lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nebyli p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed. To samo o sob\u011b vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o mnoh\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<h3>Teolog v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch \u010dasech<\/h3>\n<p>Helmut Thielicke se narodil v roce 1908 a pro\u017eil prakticky cel\u00e9 dramatick\u00e9 20. stolet\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Imp\u00e9rium,<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdmarsk\u00e1 republika,<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1rodn\u00ed socialismus,<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e1lka,<\/li>\n<li>Rekonstrukce,<\/li>\n<li>Hnut\u00ed student\u016f<\/li>\n<li>a po\u010d\u00e1tek modern\u00ed bohat\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>U\u017e jen t\u00edm se jeho generace velmi li\u0161ila od mnoha dne\u0161n\u00edch myslitel\u016f. Lid\u00e9 jako Thielicke se krizemi, strachem nebo ztr\u00e1tou smyslu nezab\u00fdvali jen teoreticky. V\u00e1lku, destrukci a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u0159esy za\u017eili p\u0159\u00edmo.<\/p>\n<p>Thielicke vystudoval teologii a filozofii a pozd\u011bji se stal profesorem. Z\u0159ejm\u011b v\u0161ak nikdy nebyl jen univerzitn\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bkem. Necht\u011bl jen ps\u00e1t slo\u017eit\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 texty, cht\u011bl oslovit lidi. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se stal zn\u00e1m\u00fdm daleko za hranicemi akademick\u00fdch kruh\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Zejm\u00e9na po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se trefil do noty dob\u011b. Mnoho lid\u00ed za\u017eilo, jak m\u016f\u017ee vysoce rozvinut\u00e1 spole\u010dnost zcela mor\u00e1ln\u011b vykolejit. Tradice byly ot\u0159eseny, d\u016fv\u011bra zni\u010dena a miliony lid\u00ed byly dezorientov\u00e1ny. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to dob\u011b Thielicke hovo\u0159il o odpov\u011bdnosti, sv\u011bdom\u00ed, d\u016fstojnosti, strachu, nad\u011bji a o ot\u00e1zce, co vlastn\u011b lidi udr\u017euje, kdy\u017e jsou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jistoty rozvr\u00e1ceny.<\/p>\n<h3>Hambursk\u00fd Michel a \u201eposledn\u00ed kancl\u00e9\u0159sk\u00fd princ\u201c<\/h3>\n<p>Thielicke m\u011bl pozd\u011bji obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u00fazk\u00e9 vazby na Hamburk. Mimo jin\u00e9 p\u016fsobil na tamn\u00ed univerzit\u011b a proslavil se jako kazatel v hambursk\u00e9m kostele svat\u00e9ho Michala. Tento kostel je dodnes jednou z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pam\u00e1tek m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n<p>Thielicke nep\u016fsobil jako odta\u017eit\u00fd c\u00edrkevn\u00ed funkcion\u00e1\u0159, ale jako \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1zal i obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky podat srozumiteln\u00fdm jazykem. Mnoz\u00ed ho popisovali jako mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b siln\u00e9ho \u0159e\u010dn\u00edka, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1zal srozumiteln\u011b vysv\u011btlit slo\u017eit\u00e1 t\u00e9mata. Rozhlas Deutschlandfunk ho pozd\u011bji dokonce ozna\u010dil za \u201eposledn\u00edho kn\u00ed\u017eete kazatelny\u201c. To zn\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled pon\u011bkud pateticky, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b to jednodu\u0161e vystihuje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee m\u011bl obrovsk\u00fd projev.<\/p>\n<p>Jeho p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky a k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00fd byly tak nav\u0161t\u011bvovan\u00e9, \u017ee lid\u00e9 museli st\u00e1t bl\u00edzko u sebe, aby ho v\u016fbec sly\u0161eli.<\/p>\n<p>To je pozoruhodn\u00e9. U\u017e tehdy se mnoho lid\u00ed pomalu za\u010d\u00ednalo odkl\u00e1n\u011bt od tradi\u010dn\u00edch c\u00edrkevn\u00edch struktur. P\u0159esto Thielicke zjevn\u011b dok\u00e1zal oslovit modern\u00ed a skeptick\u00e9 poslucha\u010de. Mo\u017en\u00e1 to bylo proto, \u017ee ned\u00e1val \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 snadn\u00e9, pocitov\u011b dobr\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d je Thielicke zaj\u00edmav\u00fd i dnes<\/h3>\n<p>Z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu je pro Thielickeho obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm bere existenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Mluvil nejen o v\u00ed\u0159e, ale tak\u00e9 o strachu, vin\u011b, osam\u011blosti, nihilismu a ztr\u00e1t\u011b smyslu. D\u00edky tomu p\u016fsobil n\u011bkdy a\u017e p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b modern\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Navzdory blahobytu a technick\u00fdm mo\u017enostem dnes mnoho lid\u00ed za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ur\u010ditou vnit\u0159n\u00ed dezorientaci. Thielicke o tom p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel ji\u017e p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami let. V\u0161iml si, \u017ee samotn\u00fd materi\u00e1ln\u00ed pokrok nevede automaticky k vnit\u0159n\u00ed stabilit\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je zejm\u00e9na to, \u017ee nebyl ani \u010dist\u00fdm kulturn\u00edm pesimistou, ani zaslepen\u00fdm optimistou. Neromantizoval sv\u011bt, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se nesna\u017eil zbavit lidi ve\u0161ker\u00e9 nad\u011bje. Naopak se v\u017edy zab\u00fdval ot\u00e1zkou: Co z\u016fstane z lid\u00ed, kdy\u017e n\u00e1hle zmiz\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch, majetek nebo spole\u010densk\u00e9 role?<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b dob\u0159e hod\u00ed do \u010dl\u00e1nku o ot\u00e1zce smyslu.<\/p>\n<h3>Nemoc, v\u00e1lka a lidsk\u00e1 k\u0159ehkost<\/h3>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho m\u011bl Thielicke s\u00e1m v ran\u00e9m v\u011bku v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Ji\u017e v ml\u00e1d\u00ed trp\u011bl v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy a n\u011bkdy byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i ve smrteln\u00e9m nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. To pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se tak intenzivn\u011b zab\u00fdval kone\u010dnost\u00ed a lidskou k\u0159ehkost\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 o t\u011bchto t\u00e9matech uva\u017euj\u00ed \u010dist\u011b teoreticky. U Thielickeho m\u011bl \u010dlov\u011bk \u010dasto dojem, \u017ee tyto ot\u00e1zky jsou pro n\u011bj skute\u010dn\u011b existenci\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Siln\u00fd vliv na n\u011bj pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b m\u011bly i z\u00e1\u017eitky z nacistick\u00e9 \u00e9ry a v\u00e1lky. V jednom z jeho nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f pokra\u010doval v k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem n\u00e1letu, zat\u00edmco venku u\u017e zu\u0159il chaos. V jednu chv\u00edli si pr\u00fd lid\u00e9 b\u011bhem k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed dokonce lehali na zem, zat\u00edmco se sou\u010dasn\u011b zp\u00edvaly c\u00edrkevn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Tato sm\u011bs v\u00e1\u017enosti, strachu, humoru a lidsk\u00e9 improvizace je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 symbolick\u00e1 pro celou jeho generaci.<\/p>\n<h3>Nen\u00ed to pouh\u00fd kazatel, ale pozorovatel lidstva.<\/h3>\n<p>To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u016fvod, pro\u010d na n\u011bj dodnes vzpom\u00ednaj\u00ed i lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nebyli nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed. Thielicke p\u016fsobil m\u00e9n\u011b jako n\u011bkdo, kdo chce pouze hl\u00e1sat pravidla, a v\u00edce jako p\u0159esn\u00fd pozorovatel lidsk\u00e9 nejistoty. Mluvil o v\u011bcech, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 \u010dasto potla\u010duj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>strach ze smrti,<\/li>\n<li>hled\u00e1n\u00ed orientace,<\/li>\n<li>selh\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>vinu,<\/li>\n<li>touha po smyslu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom byla jeho skute\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00edla: nesna\u017eil se lidi p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, \u017ee \u017eivot je snadn\u00fd. Ale z\u0159ejm\u011b se jim ani nesna\u017eil vz\u00edt nad\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6081\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Thielicke-Michel.jpg\" alt=\"Thielicke a strach z modern\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Thielicke-Michel.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Thielicke-Michel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Thielicke-Michel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Thielicke-Michel-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Helmut Thielicke a strach z modern\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e \u010dtete texty nebo p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky Helmuta Thielickeho, rychle si n\u011b\u010deho v\u0161imnete: Mnoh\u00e9 z jeho my\u0161lenek se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b modern\u00ed, i kdy\u017e jsou \u010dasto star\u00e9 des\u00edtky let. Je to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee se intenzivn\u011b zab\u00fdval probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se dnes je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zviditelnily:<\/p>\n<p>Dezorientace, vnit\u0159n\u00ed pr\u00e1zdnota, strach, osam\u011blost, ztr\u00e1ta smyslu a ot\u00e1zka, na co se vlastn\u011b lid\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b mohou spolehnout.<\/p>\n<p>Thielicke o t\u011bchto t\u00e9matech hovo\u0159il d\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se objevily pojmy jako \u201evyho\u0159en\u00ed\u201c, \u201esebeoptimalizace\u201c nebo \u201edigit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed\u201c. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ji\u017e tehdy popisoval \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 navenek st\u00e1le v\u00edce mo\u017enost\u00ed, ale uvnit\u0159 je \u010dasto nejist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky tomu je dnes op\u011bt aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Prosperita sama o sob\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee jsou lid\u00e9 stabiln\u00ed.<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch Thielickeho post\u0159eh\u016f bylo, \u017ee materi\u00e1ln\u00ed pokrok neznamen\u00e1 automatickou vnit\u0159n\u00ed stabilitu lid\u00ed. Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se do N\u011bmecka pomalu vracela prosperita. Stav\u011bly se domy, ekonomika a technologie se rychle rozv\u00edjely a mnoho lid\u00ed doufalo v lep\u0161\u00ed budoucnost.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se v\u0161ak vyno\u0159ila dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: co se vlastn\u011b stane, kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce, ale ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed stabilitu?<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se objevil Thielicke. Z\u0159ejm\u011b si v\u0161iml, \u017ee modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti maj\u00ed tendenci definovat lidi p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z hlediska v\u00fdkonu, \u00fasp\u011bchu nebo vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho postaven\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee takov\u00e9 v\u011bci se mohou kdykoli rozpadnout. Spole\u010dnost m\u016f\u017ee zkrachovat. M\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b zdrav\u00ed. Vztahy se mohou rozpadnout. Kari\u00e9ra m\u016f\u017ee skon\u010dit.<\/p>\n<p>I spole\u010densk\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed je \u010dasto p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b nestabiln\u00ed. Pokud \u010dlov\u011bk zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 celou svou hodnotu pouze na t\u011bchto v\u011bcech, snadno se dostav\u00ed \u00fazkost. Mo\u017en\u00e1 dokonce trval\u00fd strach.<\/p>\n<h3>Modern\u00ed strach z bezv\u00fdznamnosti<\/h3>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 obavy modern\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed se ji\u017e net\u00fdkaj\u00ed pouze existen\u010dn\u00edch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. V bohat\u00fdch zem\u00edch jde \u010dasto m\u00e9n\u011b o hlad nebo bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a v\u00edce o psychickou nejistotu. Lid\u00e9 si kladou ot\u00e1zky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jsem dostate\u010dn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd?<\/li>\n<li>Jsem dostate\u010dn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fd?<\/li>\n<li>Budu vid\u011bn?<\/li>\n<li>Jsem zam\u011bniteln\u00fd?<\/li>\n<li>Byl m\u016fj \u017eivot nakonec v\u016fbec d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dnes je to n\u011bkdy patrn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na v soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00edch. Lid\u00e9 se neust\u00e1le srovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi. Dosah, pozornost a sebeprezentace se n\u00e1hle st\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem v\u00fdznamnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Thielicke by to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pova\u017eoval za typick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edznak modern\u00ed dezorientace. Koneckonc\u016f, pokud hodnota \u010dlov\u011bka z\u00e1vis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na tom, jak se zviditeln\u00ed nebo jak \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b se jev\u00ed, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nevyhnuteln\u011b to vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed tlak.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u010dasto navenek p\u016fsob\u00ed velmi sebev\u011bdom\u011b, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 uvnit\u0159 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed obrovskou nejistotu.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d Thielicke bral nihilismus v\u00e1\u017en\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z pojm\u016f, kter\u00fdm se Thielicke intenzivn\u011b zab\u00fdval, byl nihilismus. Nemyslel t\u00edm jen \u0161patnou n\u00e1ladu nebo pesimismus, ale ztr\u00e1tu z\u00e1vazn\u00fdch hodnot a v\u00fdznam\u016f. V\u0161iml si, \u017ee modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v n\u011bco v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho, jako je pravda, mor\u00e1ln\u00ed orientace, spole\u010denstv\u00ed, odpov\u011bdnost nebo trval\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\n<p>To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee se ka\u017ed\u00fd mus\u00ed automaticky st\u00e1t v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm. Thielicke v\u0161ak zjevn\u011b vid\u011bl nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee by lid\u00e9 mohli b\u00fdt dezorientovan\u00ed, pokud se jim v\u0161e bude zd\u00e1t pouze relativn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b dnes se tento post\u0159eh zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Mnoho spole\u010densk\u00fdch diskus\u00ed se dnes to\u010d\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b kolem individu\u00e1ln\u00edch pohled\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 \u201esvou vlastn\u00ed pravdu\u201c, svou vlastn\u00ed realitu a sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed pohled. To sice vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed svobodu, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 to m\u016f\u017ee znamenat, \u017ee v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku lid\u00e9 p\u0159estanou c\u00edtit pevnou vnit\u0159n\u00ed p\u016fdu pod nohama.<\/p>\n<h3>Helmut Thielicke mezi etikou, humorem a d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmavou p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ku o Helmutu Thielickem p\u0159ednesl profesor Dr. Arndt Schnepper z Teologick\u00e9 fakulty v Ewersbachu. Schnepper ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku popsal Thielickeho nejen jako zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho kazatele, ale tak\u00e9 jako mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho prost\u0159edn\u00edka mezi akademickou teologi\u00ed a zcela praktick\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_miXHQd71iiw\"><div id=\"lyte_miXHQd71iiw\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FmiXHQd71iiw%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/miXHQd71iiw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FmiXHQd71iiw%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nHelmut Thielicke a cesta skrze etiku - Mistrovsk\u00e9 k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed 11 | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@glaubendenken\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">my\u0161len\u00ed z v\u00edry<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee se v\u00fdslovn\u011b v\u011bnuje t\u00e9mat\u016fm, jako je etika, humor, d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost a r\u00e9torika. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b bod \u201ehumor a veselost\u201c je pozoruhodn\u00fd, proto\u017ee dob\u0159e zapad\u00e1 do obrazu, kter\u00fd o Thielickem vykresluj\u00ed mnoz\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00ed sv\u011bdkov\u00e9: nen\u00ed to distingovan\u00fd dogmatik, ale teolog s porozum\u011bn\u00edm pro lidskou p\u0159irozenost a jazykovou bl\u00edzkost. P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka tak\u00e9 ukazuje, pro\u010d m\u011bl Thielicke vliv daleko za hranicemi c\u00edrkevn\u00edch kruh\u016f. Zjevn\u011b um\u011bl formulovat slo\u017eit\u00e9 existenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky tak, aby oslovily i lidi skeptick\u00e9 nebo ne zrovna p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Proti povrchn\u00edm dobr\u00fdm pocit\u016fm<\/h3>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee Thielicke nekritizoval pouze modern\u00ed spole\u010dnost, ale do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry i samotnou c\u00edrkev. V\u00edce mu vadila povrchn\u00ed v\u00edra, kter\u00e1 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky jednodu\u0161e potla\u010duje nebo zm\u00edr\u0148uje.<\/p>\n<p>Necht\u011bl p\u0159edst\u00edrat, \u017ee \u017eivot je v\u017edy harmonick\u00fd nebo snadno pochopiteln\u00fd. V\u00e1lka, vina, utrpen\u00ed, strach a smrt pro n\u011bj samoz\u0159ejm\u011b byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 reality.<\/p>\n<p>Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto se mnoha lidem zd\u00e1l d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u010dist\u00ed \u201ekazatel\u00e9 dobr\u00e9ho pocitu\u201c. Nesna\u017eil se lidem vymlouvat nejistotu. M\u00edsto toho bral jejich obavy v\u00e1\u017en\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jeden z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d na n\u011bj dodnes vzpom\u00ednaj\u00ed i lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nebyli p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Lid\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u00edc ne\u017e jen fungovat<\/h3>\n<p>V Thielickeho my\u0161len\u00ed se opakovan\u011b objevuje jedna hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenka: lid\u00e9 jsou v\u00edc ne\u017e jen jejich funkce. Nejsou jen pracovn\u00ed silou, spot\u0159ebitelem, poskytovatelem slu\u017eeb, kari\u00e9rn\u00edm projektem nebo soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zejm\u00e9na modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti n\u011bkdy riskuj\u00ed, \u017ee budou hodnotit lidi p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm podle v\u00fdkonnosti a efektivity. V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku v\u0161ak tento zp\u016fsob uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed naraz\u00ed na sv\u00e9 hranice. Zejm\u00e9na v dob\u011b krize si mnoho lid\u00ed n\u00e1hle uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee samotn\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch nesta\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch Thielickeho post\u0159eh\u016f: lid\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed nejen pohodl\u00ed a bezpe\u010d\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 smysl.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d by jeho my\u0161lenky mohly znovu oslovit dne\u0161n\u00ed lidi<\/h3>\n<p>Mnoh\u00e9 z jeho my\u0161lenek by mo\u017en\u00e1 byly dnes dokonce l\u00e9pe pochopiteln\u00e9 ne\u017e p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00edmi. V\u017edy\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 z probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 popisoval, se staly je\u0161t\u011b pal\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi: neust\u00e1l\u00e1 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed stimulace, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed izolace, neust\u00e1l\u00e9 srovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, nejistota, dezorientace a strach, \u017ee se staneme vnit\u0159n\u011b bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n<p>Thielicke se nikdy nezaj\u00edmal jen o n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pou\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed. Sp\u00ed\u0161e se sna\u017eil br\u00e1t v\u00e1\u017en\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidskou ot\u00e1zku:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Co skute\u010dn\u011b podporuje lidi, kdy\u017e vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jistoty padaj\u00ed?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se tak dob\u0159e hod\u00ed do \u010dl\u00e1nku o ot\u00e1zce smyslu.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6082\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Thielicke-Jesu-meine-Freude.jpg\" alt=\"Helmut Thielicke a &#039;Jesu meine Freude&#039;\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Thielicke-Jesu-meine-Freude.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Thielicke-Jesu-meine-Freude-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Thielicke-Jesu-meine-Freude-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Thielicke-Jesu-meine-Freude-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>N\u00e1let, chaos a \u201eJe\u017e\u00ed\u0161i, m\u00e1 radosti\u201c - bohoslu\u017eba v kostele za v\u00e1lky<\/h2>\n<p>Jsou p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, kter\u00e9 se na prvn\u00ed pohled zdaj\u00ed a\u017e absurdn\u00ed, a pr\u00e1v\u011b proto ve v\u00e1s z\u016fstanou tak dlouho. Jeden takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh se vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o Helmutu Thielickem.<\/p>\n<p>Odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 se b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Podle vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bl Thielicke v t\u00e9 dob\u011b bohoslu\u017ebu nebo k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed v kostele nedaleko Stuttgartu. Venku zu\u0159ila v\u00e1lka. Mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9 ji\u017e l\u00e9ta \u017eili ve strachu, nejistot\u011b a neust\u00e1l\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed. N\u00e1lety byly v t\u00e9 dob\u011b pro mnoho m\u011bst a region\u016f t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>V tento den se v\u0161ak v\u00e1lka n\u00e1hle p\u0159esunula p\u0159\u00edmo do kostela. B\u011bhem k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010dal venku n\u00e1let. Bylo sly\u0161et letadla. Kulometn\u00e1 palba. Protiletadlov\u00e1 d\u011bla. Panika. Ve skute\u010dnosti existoval pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00fd postup pro takov\u00e9 situace. Obvykle se po vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed poplachu m\u011bla potichu zazp\u00edvat ur\u010dit\u00e1 p\u00edse\u0148, aby shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed mohlo spo\u0159\u00e1dan\u011b odej\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>Ale tentokr\u00e1t u\u017e bylo nejsp\u00ed\u0161 pozd\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Lid\u00e9 na podlaze kostela<\/h3>\n<p>Mus\u00edte si tuto situaci p\u0159edstavit. Lid\u00e9 sed\u00ed v kostele. Venku se oz\u00fdvaj\u00ed zvuky v\u00e1lky a chaosu. Nikdo s jistotou nev\u00ed, jestli na n\u011b nedopadnou bomby. Mohou tam b\u00fdt d\u011bti. Sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9. Rodiny. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se stejn\u011b u\u017e l\u00e9ta boj\u00ed. A uprost\u0159ed t\u00e9to situace pr\u00fd Thielicke n\u00e1hle vyk\u0159ikl:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201eV\u0161ichni si lehn\u011bte na zem! Zp\u00edv\u00e1me \u201aJe\u017e\u00ed\u0161i, m\u00e1 radosti\u2018!\u201c<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>U\u017e jen tento obraz se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neskute\u010dn\u00fd. Lid\u00e9 le\u017e\u00ed na podlaze kostela b\u011bhem n\u00e1letu a spole\u010dn\u011b zp\u00edvaj\u00ed hymnu.<\/p>\n<p>Na tuto sc\u00e9nu se m\u016f\u017eete d\u00edvat r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. N\u011bkdo by v n\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vid\u011bl hlubokou v\u00edru. Jin\u00ed by v n\u00ed vid\u011bli bizarn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dnou sc\u00e9nu plnou lidsk\u00e9 improvizace. Ale mo\u017en\u00e1 je v t\u00e9to sm\u011bsici n\u011bco velmi lidsk\u00e9ho. Proto\u017ee momenty, jako je tento, \u010dasto ukazuj\u00ed, jak se lid\u00e9 sna\u017e\u00ed naj\u00edt n\u011bjakou formu stability i v chaosu.<\/p>\n<h3>Mezi strachem a humorem<\/h3>\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh m\u00e1 navzdory sv\u00e9mu v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu pozad\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 tragikomick\u00fd r\u00e1z. To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u016fvod, pro\u010d tak dob\u0159e utkv\u00ed v pam\u011bti. V extr\u00e9mn\u00edch situac\u00edch lid\u00e9 \u010dasto reaguj\u00ed nejen strachem, ale n\u011bkdy i zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed sm\u011bsic\u00ed humoru, improvizace a pragmatismu. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 proto, \u017ee lid\u00e9 by se s takov\u00fdmi situacemi t\u011b\u017eko dok\u00e1zali vypo\u0159\u00e1dat jinak.<\/p>\n<p>Zejm\u00e9na star\u0161\u00ed generace, kter\u00e9 za\u017eily v\u00e1lku nebo t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 krizov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, si \u010dasto vyp\u011bstovaly velmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed smysl pro humor. Ne proto, \u017ee by cht\u011bli zleh\u010dovat utrpen\u00ed, ale proto, \u017ee jim humor n\u011bkdy pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eet si psychickou stabilitu.<\/p>\n<p>To tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o Thielickem tak dob\u0159e zapad\u00e1 do tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku. Spojuje v sob\u011b n\u011bkolik v\u011bc\u00ed najednou: strach, smrt, spole\u010denstv\u00ed, v\u00edru, lidskost a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 absurdn\u00ed formu vnit\u0159n\u00edho postoje.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy\u017e se velk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky n\u00e1hle stanou skute\u010dn\u00fdmi<\/h3>\n<p>V klidn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch se mnoh\u00e9 filozofick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky \u010dasto zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt abstraktn\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 pak diskutuj\u00ed o smyslu, mor\u00e1lce nebo n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jako o teoretick\u00fdch pojmech. V mezn\u00edch situac\u00edch se to v\u0161ak \u010dasto n\u00e1hle zm\u011bn\u00ed. Najednou u\u017e nejde o elegantn\u00ed formulace nebo slo\u017eit\u00e9 teorie. Jde o velmi jednoduch\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Co \u010dlov\u011bka \u017eiv\u00ed?<\/li>\n<li>Co poskytuje podporu?<\/li>\n<li>Co lidi navz\u00e1jem spojuje?<\/li>\n<li>A co z\u016fstane, kdy\u017e zmiz\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00edla t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f. Neukazuj\u00ed lidi v dokonal\u00fdch okam\u017eic\u00edch, ale v situac\u00edch pln\u00fdch nejistoty a zranitelnosti. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto \u010dasto p\u016fsob\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u011bji ne\u017e mnoh\u00e9 knihy s dokonal\u00fdmi radami do \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto kontextu je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 Bachovo moteto \u201aJesu, meine Freude\u2018. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento hymnus pr\u00fd zp\u00edval Helmut Thielicke b\u011bhem n\u00e1letu p\u0159i bohoslu\u017eb\u011b v kostele, kdy\u017e u\u017e lid\u00e9 le\u017eeli na podlaze. Hudba nen\u00ed ani hysterick\u00e1, ani dramatick\u00e1, ale a\u017e p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b klidn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_a4SKrGYMp7A\"><div id=\"lyte_a4SKrGYMp7A\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fa4SKrGYMp7A%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/a4SKrGYMp7A\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fa4SKrGYMp7A%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nJ.S. Bach: Moteto BWV 227 \u201aJesu, meine Freude\u2018 - Vocalconsort Berlin | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@AVROTROSKlassiek\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Klasika AVROTROS<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jejich zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed s\u00edla. Johann Sebastian Bach spojuje \u00fat\u011bchu, pom\u00edjivost a hlubokou lidskou d\u016fstojnost zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd i dnes p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b modern\u011b. I lid\u00e9 bez n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti \u010dasto okam\u017eit\u011b vyc\u00edt\u00ed, \u017ee se tato hudba zab\u00fdv\u00e1 existenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 proto si lid\u00e9 i po desetilet\u00edch pamatuj\u00ed osobnosti jako Helmut Thielicke. Ne nutn\u011b proto, \u017ee by si pamatovali ka\u017ed\u00fd teologick\u00fd detail. Ale proto, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny zviditel\u0148uj\u00ed n\u011bco z\u00e1sadn\u011b lidsk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1let. Lid\u00e9 na podlaze kostela. Chvalozp\u011bv uprost\u0159ed chaosu.<\/p>\n<p>Vypad\u00e1 to skoro jako mal\u00fd symbol toho, jak se lid\u00e9 po stalet\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed vyrovnat se strachem, pom\u00edjivost\u00ed a nejistotou.<\/p>\n<p>A mo\u017en\u00e1 tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh ukazuje i n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho: smysl \u017eivota se n\u011bkdy neodhaluje ve velk\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00edch, ale v mal\u00fdch okam\u017eic\u00edch lidsk\u00e9 solidarity uprost\u0159ed chaosu.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6083\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Wohlstand.jpg\" alt=\"Prosperita ot\u00e1zku smyslu ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Wohlstand.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Wohlstand-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Wohlstand-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Wohlstand-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Pro\u010d prosperita ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zku smyslu<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1te na historii lidstva, mohli byste vlastn\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka smyslu by dnes u\u017e d\u00e1vno nem\u011bla m\u00edt v\u00fdznam. Je\u0161t\u011b nikdy nem\u011blo tolik lid\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k blahobytu, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di, z\u00e1bav\u011b, technologi\u00edm a osobn\u00ed svobod\u011b jako v modern\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch spole\u010dnostech. Mnoh\u00e9 v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve pat\u0159ily k luxusu, dnes pova\u017eujeme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 za samoz\u0159ejmost.<\/p>\n<p>Vlastn\u00ed auto, tepl\u00fd domov, cestov\u00e1n\u00ed, chytr\u00e9 telefony, streamovac\u00ed slu\u017eby, online obchody a st\u00e1l\u00e1 dostupnost by p\u0159edchoz\u00edm generac\u00edm pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159ipadaly jako sci-fi. A p\u0159esto dnes mnoho lid\u00ed hl\u00e1s\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed pr\u00e1zdnotu, nedostatek orientace nebo pocit, \u017ee jsou pod neust\u00e1l\u00fdm tlakem.<\/p>\n<p>To se na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1 rozporupln\u00e9. Spole\u010dnost s tolika mo\u017enostmi by m\u011bla b\u00fdt ve skute\u010dnosti spokojen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto bod\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt op\u011bt zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka smyslu.<\/p>\n<p>Pohodl\u00ed a blahobyt mohou vy\u0159e\u0161it mnoho praktick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, ale ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed automaticky ot\u00e1zku, pro co vlastn\u011b \u017eijeme.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e9donistick\u00fd b\u011b\u017eeck\u00fd p\u00e1s<\/h3>\n<p>Psychologov\u00e9 dnes n\u011bkdy hovo\u0159\u00ed o takzvan\u00e9m \u201eh\u00e9donistick\u00e9m b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edm p\u00e1su\u201c. To odkazuje na pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd mechanismus: lid\u00e9 si p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b rychle zvyknou na zlep\u0161en\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 auto \u010dasto vydr\u017e\u00ed jen n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fm se v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku stane norm\u00e1ln\u00edm. V\u00edce pen\u011bz se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, ale \u010dasem ztr\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u016fj emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad. Dokonce i velk\u00e9 profesn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy \u010dasto vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 uspokojen\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 u\u017e je \u010dasto na obzoru dal\u0161\u00ed c\u00edl.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy.<\/li>\n<li>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost.<\/li>\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozsah.<\/li>\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed stav.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011bch nebo prosperita jsou bezcenn\u00e9. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee v mnoha ohledech usnad\u0148uj\u00ed \u017eivot. Probl\u00e9mem se obvykle st\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze to, kdy\u017e se lid\u00e9 domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed mus\u00ed automaticky generovat vnit\u0159n\u00ed napln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoz\u00ed filozofov\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed p\u0159ed t\u00edm varovali d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed modern\u00ed konzumn\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Schopenhauer popsal neust\u00e1lou lidskou touhu ji\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed. Buddhismus hovo\u0159\u00ed o p\u0159ipoutanosti. Stoikov\u00e9 varovali p\u0159ed z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bcech. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 sledovat, jak modern\u011b tyto my\u0161lenky dnes p\u016fsob\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u0161echno - a p\u0159esto z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Tento probl\u00e9m je \u010dasto patrn\u00fd zejm\u00e9na u lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se navenek jev\u00ed jako \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed. Dobr\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra. P\u011bkn\u00fd domov. Bezpe\u010dnost. Mo\u017en\u00e1 i spole\u010densk\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed. A p\u0159esto se v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku objev\u00ed pocit:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>To bylo v\u0161echno?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento bod se v modern\u00edch spole\u010dnostech vyskytuje p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b \u010dasto. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e v minulosti. Je to proto, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u010dasto d\u00e1valy lidem jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed role. Rodina, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, profese nebo komunita poskytovaly alespo\u0148 ur\u010ditou orientaci. Dnes maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed svobodu, ale \u010dasto si mus\u00ed smysl \u017eivota vytv\u00e1\u0159et sami.<\/p>\n<p>Na prvn\u00ed pohled to zn\u00ed pozitivn\u011b, ale m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 zdrcuj\u00edc\u00ed. Paradoxn\u011b, kdy\u017e se zd\u00e1, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 prakticky cokoli, n\u011bkdy vznik\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee na ni\u010dem vlastn\u011b nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Spot\u0159eba jako n\u00e1hra\u017eka n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>N\u011bkdy se skoro zd\u00e1, \u017ee modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti ot\u00e1zku smyslu nevy\u0159e\u0161ily, ale pouze ji odlo\u017eily. D\u0159\u00edve lid\u00e9 hledali orientaci sp\u00ed\u0161e v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo tradici. Dnes tuto roli do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed jin\u00e9 v\u011bci: spot\u0159eba, status, sebevyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, kari\u00e9ra, dosah, sebeoptimalizace nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pozornost.<\/p>\n<p>Tento v\u00fdvoj zintenzivnily zejm\u00e9na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Lid\u00e9 se neust\u00e1le srovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi. \u00dasp\u011bch se zviditel\u0148uje. Kr\u00e1sa je zinscenovan\u00e1. Prezentuje se \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee takov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 automaticky vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed nepokoje. V\u017edy se toti\u017e zd\u00e1, \u017ee je n\u011bkdo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, bohat\u0161\u00ed nebo zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Snadno tak vznik\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk nikdy skute\u010dn\u011b nedoraz\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 to tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se mnoz\u00ed modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 navzdory sv\u00e9mu vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu blahobytu zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt vnit\u0159n\u011b vy\u010derpan\u00ed. Neust\u00e1le pracuj\u00ed, ale \u010dasto u\u017e p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u011bd\u00ed na \u010dem.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d se p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace n\u011bkdy zd\u00e1ly stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b bychom nem\u011bli romantizovat minulost. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace m\u011bly \u010dasto mnohem drsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky. V\u00e1lka, nemoci, chudoba a nesvoboda byly pro mnoho lid\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto n\u011bkdy vznik\u00e1 dojem, \u017ee d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti byly v ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblastech vnit\u0159n\u011b stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Bylo to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 v\u00edce anga\u017eovali:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v rodin\u00e1ch,<\/li>\n<li>Spole\u010denstv\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>Tradice<\/li>\n<li>nebo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 struktury.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To \u010dasto automaticky vytv\u00e1\u0159elo pocit soun\u00e1le\u017eitosti a c\u00edlev\u011bdomosti. Dnes naopak mnoho lid\u00ed za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 obrovskou svobodu, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed izolaci. Od modern\u00edch lid\u00ed se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee budou individu\u00e1ln\u00ed, flexibiln\u00ed, \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed, kreativn\u00ed a neust\u00e1le optimalizovan\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010dasto chyb\u00ed stabiln\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury. To mo\u017en\u00e1 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se dnes st\u00e1le siln\u011bji vrac\u00ed ot\u00e1zka smyslu.<\/p>\n<h3>Lid\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u00edc ne\u017e jen pohodl\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le \u010dlov\u011bk studuje n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, filozofii a psychologii, t\u00edm jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd post\u0159eh: zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee lid\u00e9 nejsou stvo\u0159eni k tomu, aby \u017eili v\u00fdhradn\u011b v pohodl\u00ed. Na prvn\u00ed pohled to zn\u00ed podivn\u011b. Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b r\u00e1di bezpe\u010d\u00ed a pohodl\u00ed. Ale z\u0159ejm\u011b pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed i n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho: smysl, odpov\u011bdnost, spole\u010denstv\u00ed, v\u00fdzvy a pocit, \u017ee jejich vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot m\u00e1 hodnotu.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Frankl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Viktor Frankl<\/a> to popsal velmi p\u016fsobiv\u011b. Lid\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou sn\u00e9st ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed utrpen\u00ed, pokud v n\u011bm vid\u00ed smysl. A naopak, i navenek p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd \u017eivot se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t uvnit\u0159 pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd, pokud postr\u00e1d\u00e1 hlub\u0161\u00ed smysl.<\/p>\n<p>To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi \u0161t\u011bst\u00edm a smyslem. \u0160t\u011bst\u00ed je \u010dasto kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9. Smysl \u010dasto p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed lidi p\u0159es t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u010dasy.<\/p>\n<h3>Star\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1<\/h3>\n<p>Nakonec z toho mo\u017en\u00e1 vyplyne n\u011bco docela st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e9ho - ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u011bco velmi lidsk\u00e9ho: technologick\u00fd pokrok m\u016f\u017ee vy\u0159e\u0161it mnoho probl\u00e9m\u016f, ale rozhodn\u011b ne z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky lidsk\u00e9 existence. Lid\u00e9 necht\u011bj\u00ed jen konzumovat, fungovat a p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat. Cht\u011bj\u00ed pochopit, pro\u010d m\u00e1 jejich \u017eivot smysl.<\/p>\n<p>Proto ot\u00e1zka smyslu v modern\u00edch spole\u010dnostech nemiz\u00ed. Jen m\u011bn\u00ed svou podobu. D\u0159\u00edve se mohla kl\u00e1st v c\u00edrkv\u00edch nebo ve filozofick\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Dnes se \u010dasto objevuje uprost\u0159ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>po rozchodu,<\/li>\n<li>v \u017eivotn\u00ed krizi,<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159i pohledu na star\u0161\u00ed rodi\u010de,<\/li>\n<li>pro profesn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>nebo prost\u011b v noci v tich\u00fdch chv\u00edl\u00edch, kdy se tato ot\u00e1zka n\u00e1hle objev\u00ed:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Pro\u010d to vlastn\u011b v\u0161echno d\u011bl\u00e1m?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum: Pro\u010d stoj\u00ed za to \u017e\u00edt?<\/h3>\n<div class='bootstrap-yop yop-poll-mc'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"basic-yop-poll-container\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff; border:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:0px 5px;\" data-id=\"17\" data-temp=\"basic-pretty\" data-skin=\"square\" data-cscheme=\"blue\" data-cap=\"0\" data-access=\"guest\" data-tid=\"\" data-uid=\"14f130671810ef6ba1da318943f1448b\" data-pid=\"3727\" data-resdet=\"votes-number,percentages\" data-show-results-to=\"guest\" data-show-results-moment=\"after-vote\" data-show-results-only=\"false\" data-show-message=\"true\" data-show-results-as=\"bar\" data-sort-results-by=\"as-defined\" data-sort-results-rule=\"asc\"data-is-ended=\"0\" data-percentages-decimals=\"2\" data-gdpr=\"yes\" data-gdpr-sol=\"nostore\" data-css=\".basic-yop-poll-container[data-uid] .basic-vote {\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\" data-counter=\"0\" data-load-with=\"1\" data-notification-section=\"top\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"basic-inner\"><div class=\"basic-message hide\" style=\"border-left: 10px solid #008000; padding: 0px 10px;\" data-error=\"#ff0000\" data-success=\"#008000\"><p class=\"basic-message-text\" style=\"color:#000000; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\"><\/p><\/div><div class=\"basic-overlay hide\"><div class=\"basic-vote-options\"><\/div><div class=\"basic-preloader\"><div class=\"basic-windows8\"><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_1\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_2\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_3\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_4\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-wBall basic-wBall_5\"><div class=\"basic-wInnerBall\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><form class=\"basic-form\" action=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"c6a8af1385\" autocomplete=\"off\"><div class=\"basic-elements\"><div class=\"basic-element basic-question basic-question-text-vertical\" data-id=\"17\" data-uid=\"c5368af0b4b7518a981398cc5a9dc9de\" data-type=\"question\" data-question-type=\"text\" data-required=\"yes\" data-allow-multiple=\"yes\" data-min=\"1\" data-max=\"2\" data-display=\"vertical\" data-colnum=\"\" data-display-others=\"no\" data-others-color=\"\" data-others=\"\" data-others-max-chars=\"0\"><div class=\"basic-question-title\"><h5 style=\"color:#000000; font-size:16px; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;\">Kv\u016fli \u010demu m\u00e1 dnes v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed cenu? (max. 2)<\/h5><\/div><ul class=\"basic-answers\"><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"119\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"1\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[119]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[119]\" name=\"answer[17]\" value=\"119\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">V oblasti l\u00e1sky, rodiny a vztah\u016f<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"120\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"0\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[120]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[120]\" name=\"answer[17]\" value=\"120\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Zdrav\u00ed<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"121\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"0\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[121]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[121]\" name=\"answer[17]\" value=\"121\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Pr\u00e1ce nebo povol\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"122\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"0\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[122]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[122]\" name=\"answer[17]\" value=\"122\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">V\u00edra nebo spiritualita<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"123\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"2\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[123]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[123]\" name=\"answer[17]\" value=\"123\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Svoboda a sebeur\u010den\u00ed<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"126\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"1\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[126]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[126]\" name=\"answer[17]\" value=\"126\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Kreativita a projekty<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"127\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"0\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[127]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[127]\" name=\"answer[17]\" value=\"127\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">Nad\u011bje pro budoucnost<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><li class=\"basic-answer\" style=\"padding:0px 0px;\" data-id=\"128\" data-type=\"text\" data-vn=\"0\" data-color=\"#000000\" data-make-link=\"no\" data-link=\"\"><div class=\"basic-answer-content basic-text-vertical\"><label for=\"answer[128]\" class=\"basic-answer-label\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"answer[128]\" name=\"answer[17]\" value=\"128\"><span class=\"basic-text\" style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;\">S\u00e1m ji st\u00e1le hled\u00e1m<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"basic-vote\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"button basic-vote-button\" role=\"button\" style=\"background:#027bb8; border:0px; border-style: solid; border-color:#000000; border-radius:5px; padding:10px 10px; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;\">Hlasujte na<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"cs\"\/><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Pro\u010d l\u00e1ska a vztahy hraj\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude?<\/h2>\n<p>Pokud se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edv\u00e1te na n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, filozofie a sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, v\u0161imnete si v ur\u010dit\u00e9m bod\u011b n\u011b\u010deho velmi n\u00e1padn\u00e9ho: T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echna p\u0159ikl\u00e1daj\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam mezilidsk\u00fdm vztah\u016fm. P\u0159esto\u017ee si jednotliv\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v mnoha ohledech odporuj\u00ed, ur\u010dit\u00e1 t\u00e9mata se st\u00e1le objevuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e1ska,<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>Rodina,<\/li>\n<li>Spole\u010denstv\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>P\u00e9\u010de<\/li>\n<li>a zodpov\u011bdnost za sebe navz\u00e1jem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To je pozoruhodn\u00e9. Teoreticky si toti\u017e m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159edstavit pohled na sv\u011bt, kter\u00fd vid\u00ed lidi p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako osam\u011bl\u00e9 bojovn\u00edky. Ale to je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. M\u00edsto toho se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dojem, \u017ee lid\u00e9 vn\u00edmaj\u00ed sv\u016fj \u017eivot jako skute\u010dn\u011b smyslupln\u00fd pouze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vztah\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee a\u010dkoli lid\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let a analyzovat, emocion\u00e1ln\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi bytostmi.<\/p>\n<h3>Hled\u00e1n\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti<\/h3>\n<p>Lid\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed bl\u00edzkost velmi brzy v \u017eivot\u011b. D\u011bti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed n\u00e1klonnost, bezpe\u010d\u00ed a citovou vazbu. P\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed \u010dasto vznikaj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b ve \u0161kole. Pozd\u011bji p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed partnersk\u00e9 vztahy, n\u011bkdy i vlastn\u00ed rodiny. I lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se pova\u017euj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e za samot\u00e1\u0159e, \u010dasto tou\u017e\u00ed po alespo\u0148 n\u011bkolika bl\u00edzk\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee modern\u00ed spole\u010dnost je st\u00e1le v\u00edce technicky propojen\u00e1 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se mnoho lid\u00ed c\u00edt\u00ed osam\u011bleji ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. Dnes m\u016f\u017eete teoreticky komunikovat s tis\u00edci lidmi, a p\u0159esto se c\u00edt\u00edte vnit\u0159n\u011b izolovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se projevuje rozd\u00edl mezi kontaktem a skute\u010dnou bl\u00edzkost\u00ed. Opravdov\u00e9 vztahy se m\u00e1lokdy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pouze povrchn\u00ed komunikac\u00ed. Vznikaj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b spole\u010dn\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed, d\u016fv\u011bry, konflikt\u016f, spolehlivosti a pocitu, \u017ee je druh\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk skute\u010dn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto hraj\u00ed vztahy tak d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v ot\u00e1zce smyslu.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d l\u00e1ska m\u011bn\u00ed lidi<\/h3>\n<p>Jen m\u00e1lo v\u011bc\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed na lidi tak siln\u011b emocion\u00e1ln\u011b jako l\u00e1ska. M\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1s motivovat, uklidnit, inspirovat nebo zcela vyv\u00e9st z rovnov\u00e1hy. Je to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jeden z nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1\u017eitk\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou lid\u00e9 za\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech kultur\u00e1ch je l\u00e1ska vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako n\u011bco kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho i nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1rove\u0148. Vztahy mohou lidi \u010dinit \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdmi, ale mohou jim tak\u00e9 ubli\u017eovat. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto se t\u00edmto t\u00e9matem zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, literatura a filozofie ji\u017e tis\u00edce let.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed stav\u00ed dobro\u010dinnost do st\u0159edu mnoha u\u010den\u00ed. V buddhismu hraje soucit v\u00fdznamnou roli. I racion\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed filozofie, jako je stoicismus, uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee mezilidsk\u00e9 vztahy jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Lid\u00e9 z\u0159ejm\u011b intuitivn\u011b c\u00edt\u00ed, \u017ee \u017eivot bez citov\u00e9ho vztahu m\u016f\u017ee fungovat, ale \u010dasto se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>Rodina jako zdroj smyslu<\/h3>\n<p>To se \u010dasto projevuje zejm\u00e9na v oblasti rodiny. Mnoho lid\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee se jejich pohled na \u017eivot zm\u011bn\u00ed, jakmile se jim narod\u00ed d\u011bti nebo p\u0159evezmou odpov\u011bdnost za jin\u00e9 lidi.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee odpov\u011bdnost \u010dasto nen\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako b\u0159emeno, ale jako n\u011bco smyslupln\u00e9ho. Rodina samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt stresuj\u00edc\u00ed. Konflikty, starosti a povinnosti jsou jej\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. P\u0159esto v n\u00ed mnoho lid\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed smysl \u017eivota. Je to mo\u017en\u00e1 d\u00e1no i t\u00edm, \u017ee rodina automaticky odv\u00e1d\u00ed pozornost od vlastn\u00edho ega. Najednou u\u017e nejde jen o vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed nebo c\u00edle, ale tak\u00e9 o to b\u00fdt tu pro druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd mus\u00ed zalo\u017eit tradi\u010dn\u00ed rodinu, aby na\u0161el smysl \u017eivota. Ale z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenka, kter\u00e1 za t\u00edm stoj\u00ed, se objevuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude: Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed \u010dasto pocit, \u017ee jejich \u017eivot m\u00e1 smysl, kdy\u017e jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00ed pro druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Vztahy a pom\u00edjivost<\/h3>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee jsou vztahy tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, jsou tak\u00e9 jednou z nejbolestiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed \u017eivota. Odlou\u010den\u00ed, h\u00e1dky, odcizen\u00ed nebo smrt \u010dasto zas\u00e1hnou lidi hloub\u011bji ne\u017e materi\u00e1ln\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n<p>Ale mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jejich zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. To, co je pom\u00edjiv\u00e9, se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Rozhovor s rodi\u010di. Spole\u010dn\u00fd ve\u010der. Objet\u00ed. Tich\u00e1 chv\u00edle s n\u011bk\u00fdm, koho m\u00e1te r\u00e1di. Mnoh\u00e9 takov\u00e9 v\u011bci se v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, ale p\u0159i zp\u011btn\u00e9m pohledu n\u00e1hle nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho ot\u00e1zek o smyslu se nakonec to\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b kolem t\u011bchto zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Na konci \u017eivota si lid\u00e9 \u010dasto m\u00e9n\u011b pamatuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 spot\u0159ebn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo profesn\u00ed detaily ne\u017e vztahy, spole\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky nebo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 setk\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d jsou vztahy \u010dasto d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u00fasp\u011bch<\/h3>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee pohled na vztahy se \u010dasto m\u011bn\u00ed s v\u011bkem. Mnoho mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00fdrazn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159uje na sv\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, kari\u00e9ru nebo osobn\u00ed c\u00edle. To je zcela norm\u00e1ln\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji se v\u0161ak priority \u010dasto m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Najednou se \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd s rodinou, opravdov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed nebo klidn\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 chv\u00edle zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e symboly postaven\u00ed nebo profesn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch. Je to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto, \u017ee vztahy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed formu v\u00fdznamu. Spojuj\u00ed lidi a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vzpom\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 dalece p\u0159esahuj\u00ed hmotn\u00e9 statky.<\/p>\n<p>A mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to je jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bod\u016f: mnoho lid\u00ed hled\u00e1 smysl \u017eivota n\u011bkde daleko - a v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku zjist\u00ed, \u017ee jeho velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st mo\u017en\u00e1 celou dobu sed\u011bla p\u0159\u00edmo vedle nich.<\/p>\n<h3>Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed tabulka pohled\u016f na sv\u011bt: Co je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Ve<\/strong>odpov\u011bdnost - <strong>M<\/strong>itgef\u00fchl - <strong>Ge<\/strong>komunita - <strong>Mo\u0159e<\/strong>Sebeomezen\u00ed - <strong>I<\/strong>nneres <strong>W<\/strong>r\u016fst - <strong>S<\/strong>hostinec prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <strong>B<\/strong>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek - <strong>W<\/strong>p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se <strong>M<\/strong>aterialismus<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow: auto;\">\n<table class=\"sinnmatrix\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"rowtitle\">Pohled na sv\u011bt<\/th>\n<th class=\"vertical\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Ve<\/th>\n<th class=\"vertical\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Mi<\/th>\n<th class=\"vertical\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Ge<\/th>\n<th class=\"vertical\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Mo\u0159e<\/th>\n<th class=\"vertical\" style=\"text-align: center;\">IW<\/th>\n<th class=\"vertical\" style=\"text-align: center;\">SB<\/th>\n<th class=\"vertical\" style=\"text-align: center;\">WM<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Evangelik\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Helmut Thielicke<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Isl\u00e1m<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Judaismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Buddhismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Hinduismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Taoismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Sikhismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Konfucianismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Stoicismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Existencialismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Humanismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Nihilismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Schopenhauer<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Nietzsche<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Viktor Frankl<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Agnosticismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Ateismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Transhumanismus<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"strong\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cf<\/td>\n<td class=\"medium\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u25cb<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rowtitle\">Modern\u00ed konzumn\u00ed spole\u010dnost<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"weak\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Legenda: \u25cf D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u25cb Dostupn\u00e9 - Ned\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6084\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Vermaechtnis.jpg\" alt=\"Pro\u010d lid\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed vytvo\u0159it n\u011bco trval\u00e9ho\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Vermaechtnis.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Vermaechtnis-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Vermaechtnis-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Vermaechtnis-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Pro\u010d lid\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed vytvo\u0159it n\u011bco trval\u00e9ho<\/h2>\n<p>Existuje my\u0161lenka, kter\u00e1 se prol\u00edn\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161emi kulturami a v\u011bky: Lid\u00e9 po sob\u011b cht\u011bj\u00ed zanechat stopu. Necht\u011bj\u00ed jednodu\u0161e zmizet, jako by nikdy neexistovali. Tato touha se projevuje v mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch podob\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u011bti,<\/li>\n<li>Knihy,<\/li>\n<li>\u010cl,<\/li>\n<li>Budova,<\/li>\n<li>Spole\u010dnost,<\/li>\n<li>Vyn\u00e1lezy,<\/li>\n<li>Hudba,<\/li>\n<li>Vzpom\u00ednky<\/li>\n<li>nebo p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee toto nutk\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s na\u0161\u00ed vlastn\u00ed pom\u00edjivost\u00ed. V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku si ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u011bdom\u011b \u010di nev\u011bdom\u011b uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee jeho vlastn\u00ed \u010das je omezen\u00fd. To m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat pot\u0159ebu vytvo\u0159it n\u011bco, co p\u0159etrv\u00e1 i po skon\u010den\u00ed vlastn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee toto p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed nevyjad\u0159uj\u00ed pouze zn\u00e1m\u00e9 osobnosti. I oby\u010dejn\u00ed lid\u00e9 po sob\u011b \u010dasto cht\u011bj\u00ed n\u011bco zanechat:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rodinu,<\/li>\n<li>domov,<\/li>\n<li>dobrou pam\u011b\u0165,<\/li>\n<li>n\u011bco vybudov\u00e1no,<\/li>\n<li>n\u011bco p\u0159edal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b to je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b hlubokou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho byt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u011bti, rodina a p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejstar\u0161\u00ed formou \u201est\u00e1losti\u201c je rodina. Po tis\u00edce let bylo p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edho \u017eivota dal\u0161\u00ed generaci pro mnoho lid\u00ed hlavn\u00edm smyslem \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>D\u011bti p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejen geny, ale \u010dasto tak\u00e9 hodnoty, vzpom\u00ednky, p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy nebo ur\u010dit\u00e9 pohledy na sv\u011bt. I drobnosti n\u011bkdy p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b dlouho: idiomy, zvyky, recepty, \u017eivotn\u00ed postoje nebo rodinn\u00e9 anekdoty.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee lid\u00e9 si \u010dasto a\u017e pozd\u011bji uv\u011bdom\u00ed, jak siln\u011b je p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace formovaly. Mnoh\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, chov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo n\u00e1zory \u010dasto poch\u00e1zej\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edmo od rodi\u010d\u016f, prarodi\u010d\u016f nebo jin\u00fdch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch osob. Mo\u017en\u00e1 proto se v\u00fdznam n\u011bkdy vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm velk\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bt, ne\u017e tich\u00fdm p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.<\/p>\n<h3>Um\u011bn\u00ed, knihy a tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed formu trvalosti lze nal\u00e9zt v tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edch d\u00edlech. Lid\u00e9 p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed knihy, maluj\u00ed obrazy, skl\u00e1daj\u00ed hudbu nebo stav\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sami p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1ce m\u00e1 \u010dasto zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed nad\u010dasovost. Knihu lze \u010d\u00edst i po desetilet\u00edch nebo stalet\u00edch. Hudba m\u016f\u017ee lidi emocion\u00e1ln\u011b zas\u00e1hnout, i kdy\u017e je jej\u00ed autor d\u00e1vno mrtv\u00fd. My\u0161lenky mohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt generace. To pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d um\u011bn\u00ed a kultura hraj\u00ed tak d\u016fle\u017eitou roli t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech spole\u010dnostech. Vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed spojen\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d \u010dasem.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee \u010dasto nejde jen o sl\u00e1vu. Mnoho lid\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161e, navrhuje nebo vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u011bci, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee mohou p\u0159edat n\u011bkter\u00e9 sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky nebo zku\u0161enosti.<\/p>\n<p>Zejm\u00e9na knihy maj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek. Do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby my\u0161len\u00ed, vzpom\u00ednky a perspektivy. Proto se knihovny n\u011bkdy jev\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b lidsk\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Spole\u010dnost, pr\u00e1ce a v\u00fdvoj<\/h3>\n<p>Pro mnoho lid\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pr\u00e1ce tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavovat ur\u010ditou formu smyslu a odkazu. Zejm\u00e9na lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u011bco dlouhodob\u011b budovali, \u010dasto vn\u00edmaj\u00ed svou pr\u00e1ci nejen jako zdroj p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, ale jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho d\u00edla. M\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o firmy, d\u00edlny, projekty nebo jin\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9 organiza\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy. Za mnoha firmami stoj\u00ed nejen ekonomick\u00fd z\u00e1jem, ale tak\u00e9 touha vytvo\u0159it n\u011bco vlastn\u00edho, co p\u0159etrv\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee lid\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto hrd\u00ed na v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let vyvinuli - i kdy\u017e se zven\u010d\u00ed zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt neok\u00e1zal\u00e9. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to proto, \u017ee v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce v\u017edy vy\u017eaduje \u010das, energii a osobn\u00ed identitu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo n\u011bco buduje, do toho \u010dasto investuje \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>Pam\u011b\u0165 je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jednou z nejstar\u0161\u00edch forem lidsk\u00e9 \u201enesmrtelnosti\u201c. Dokud lid\u00e9 o n\u011bkom mluv\u00ed, vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed si p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy nebo vzpom\u00ednaj\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v nich do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry \u010d\u00e1st tohoto \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n<p>To tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee vysv\u011btlovat, pro\u010d mnoh\u00e9 kultury kladou tak velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na p\u0159edky, rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy nebo historick\u00e9 postavy. Lid\u00e9 necht\u011bj\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b zmizet. To se net\u00fdk\u00e1 jen velk\u00fdch historick\u00fdch jmen. Lid\u00e9 si \u010dasto pamatuj\u00ed i drobnosti: ur\u010dit\u00fd zp\u016fsob sm\u00edchu, v\u011btu, postoj, spole\u010dn\u00fd okam\u017eik nebo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed gesto. N\u011bkdy lid\u00e9 zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed v ostatn\u00edch mnohem siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stopu, ne\u017e si sami kdy uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d s t\u00edm modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti bojuj\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u011b se zd\u00e1, \u017ee modern\u00ed sv\u011bt je n\u011bkdy p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00fd. Informace se neust\u00e1le hrnou. Trendy se neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed obsah \u010dasto po n\u011bkolika hodin\u00e1ch zmiz\u00ed z na\u0161\u00ed pozornosti.<\/p>\n<p>To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u016fvod, pro\u010d mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9 c\u00edt\u00ed pot\u0159ebu m\u00edt op\u011bt n\u011bco trval\u00e9ho. Knihy, rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, dlouhodob\u00e9 projekty nebo skute\u010dn\u00e9 vztahy se najednou ve st\u00e1le rychlej\u0161\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt op\u011bt cenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho lid\u00ed dnes hled\u00e1 \u201eautenticitu\u201c nebo \u201eskute\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bci\u201c. Za t\u00edm se \u010dasto skr\u00fdv\u00e1 touha po n\u011b\u010dem, co vydr\u017e\u00ed a hned tak zase nezmiz\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Lid\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed v\u00edc ne\u017e jen konzumovat<\/h3>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se na v\u0161echny tyto v\u011bci pod\u00edv\u00e1te, op\u011bt se objev\u00ed vzorec, kter\u00fd se objevil ji\u017e v mnoha n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch a filozofi\u00edch: zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee lid\u00e9 nejsou stvo\u0159eni k tomu, aby konzumovali v\u00fdhradn\u011b v dan\u00e9m okam\u017eiku.<\/p>\n<p>Chcete navrhnout. Sestavte. P\u0159edat d\u00e1l. Nezapome\u0148te. Zanechat stopy.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to dokonce d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky smyslu. Proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo vytvo\u0159\u00ed n\u011bco, co se dotkne jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed, pom\u016f\u017ee jim nebo je p\u0159e\u017eije, automaticky spojuje sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6085\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-KI-Transhumanismus.jpg\" alt=\"Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a transhumanismus\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-KI-Transhumanismus.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-KI-Transhumanismus-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-KI-Transhumanismus-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-KI-Transhumanismus-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, transhumanismus a nov\u00e9 hled\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu - star\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka v nov\u00e9m balen\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm je sv\u011bt modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce se m\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm lid\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed o smyslu, \u017eivot\u011b a budoucnosti. Zat\u00edmco p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace \u010dasto hledaly odpov\u011bdi na sv\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, rodin\u011b nebo tradi\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010denstv\u00edch, dnes se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o tom, \u010d\u00edm by lid\u00e9 vlastn\u011b mohli - nebo mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u011bli - b\u00fdt.<\/p>\n<p>To se projevuje zejm\u00e9na v t\u00e9matech, jako je um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, transhumanismus a technologick\u00e1 nesmrtelnost. Na prvn\u00ed pohled se tato t\u00e9mata zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt \u010dist\u011b technick\u00e1. \u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le se jimi v\u0161ak zab\u00fdv\u00e1te, t\u00edm je to jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: Ve skute\u010dnosti jde o st\u00e1le stejn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jak p\u0159ekonat utrpen\u00ed?<\/li>\n<li>Jak m\u016f\u017eeme porazit smrt?<\/li>\n<li>Co je v\u011bdom\u00ed?<\/li>\n<li>A mohou se lid\u00e9 n\u011bkdy st\u00e1t n\u011b\u010d\u00edm v\u00edc, ne\u017e \u010d\u00edm jsou dnes?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 modern\u00ed vize budoucnosti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy - jen m\u00edsto duchovn\u00edho jazyka pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed technick\u00e9 term\u00edny.<\/p>\n<h3>Sen o vylep\u0161en\u00e9m \u010dlov\u011bku<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/nesmrtelnost-prostrednictvim-technologie-jak-daleko-vyzkum-a-ki-jsou-skutecne\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-3646\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/digitale-unsterblichkeit-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed nesmrtelnost\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/digitale-unsterblichkeit-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/digitale-unsterblichkeit-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/digitale-unsterblichkeit-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/digitale-unsterblichkeit.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Transhumanismus p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 mohou nebo dokonce maj\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat sv\u00e1 biologick\u00e1 omezen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm technologi\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zast\u00e1nci tohoto hnut\u00ed sn\u00ed o zastaven\u00ed proces\u016f st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, digit\u00e1ln\u00edm ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdom\u00ed, propojen\u00ed lid\u00ed se stroji nebo \u00fapln\u00e9m p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed nemoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>O tom, co bylo d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edm\u011btem science fiction, se nyn\u00ed mluv\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b, alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b. Technick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, zda budou takov\u00e9 v\u011bci n\u011bkdy pln\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9, je m\u00e9n\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1. Filozofick\u00e1 rovina, kter\u00e1 za t\u00edm stoj\u00ed, je \u010dasto vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed: Pro\u010d tato my\u0161lenka lidi v\u016fbec tolik zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1? Mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed odv\u011bkou lidskou touhu: p\u0159ekonat strach z pom\u00edjivosti.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoh\u00e9 transhumanistick\u00e9 my\u0161lenky se v podstat\u011b pokou\u0161ej\u00ed o p\u0159esn\u011b to, co n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed slibuj\u00ed u\u017e tis\u00edce let - jen bez klasick\u00e9ho odkazu na Boha. Dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti k tomuto t\u00e9matu najdete tak\u00e9 v \u010dl\u00e1nku <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/11\/nesmrtelnost-prostrednictvim-technologie-jak-daleko-vyzkum-a-ki-jsou-skutecne\/\">Nesmrtelnost d\u00edky technologi\u00edm - jak daleko se v\u00fdzkum a um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence skute\u010dn\u011b dostaly<\/a><\/strong> naj\u00edt.<\/p>\n<h3>UI jako nov\u00e1 projek\u010dn\u00ed plocha<\/h3>\n<p>Podobn\u011b vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed je i role um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 lidi je um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence pouh\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem. Jin\u00ed ji dnes vn\u00edmaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako budouc\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed autoritu: inteligentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, objektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a mo\u017en\u00e1 v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku i v\u011bdom\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samotn\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee lid\u00e9 v\u017edy prom\u00edtali do nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed sv\u00e9 nad\u011bje a obavy. V minulosti to byly stroje, elekt\u0159ina nebo internet. Dnes je to um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech to vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy: nad\u011bji na superinteligenci, strach ze ztr\u00e1ty kontroly, p\u0159edstavu v\u0161ev\u011bdouc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu nebo my\u0161lenku, \u017ee technologie by jednou mohla zcela p\u0159ekonat lidsk\u00e9 slabosti.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 dnes dokonce hledaj\u00ed vod\u00edtko sp\u00ed\u0161e v algoritmech ne\u017e ve filozofii, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo osobn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch. Na prvn\u00ed pohled se to m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t modern\u00ed, ale mo\u017en\u00e1 to jen ukazuje, jak siln\u011b lid\u00e9 v z\u00e1kladu hledaj\u00ed orientaci.<\/p>\n<h3>Touha po kontrole nad \u017eivotem<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm bodem je rostouc\u00ed kontrola nad st\u00e1le v\u00edce oblastmi \u017eivota. Modern\u00ed technologie n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed d\u011blat v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve nebyly mo\u017en\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>neust\u00e1l\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu,<\/li>\n<li>digit\u00e1ln\u00ed samooptimalizace,<\/li>\n<li>um\u011bl\u00e1 reprodukce,<\/li>\n<li>genetick\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy,<\/li>\n<li>virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed identity<\/li>\n<li>nebo rozhodnut\u00ed podporovan\u00e1 um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To n\u011bkdy vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd lidsk\u00fd probl\u00e9m lze v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku vy\u0159e\u0161it technicky.<\/p>\n<p>Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se znovu objevuje ot\u00e1zka smyslu. Proto\u017ee i kdyby lid\u00e9 jednoho dne \u017eili podstatn\u011b d\u00e9le - m\u011blo by to automaticky smysl? Byl by technicky dokonal\u00fd \u017eivot automaticky napl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed? Nebo by se ot\u00e1zka smyslu prost\u011b vr\u00e1tila na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148?<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to je limitem technologick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Technologie mohou usnadnit mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed, ale automaticky neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed na ot\u00e1zku, pro\u010d lid\u00e9 v\u016fbec cht\u011bj\u00ed \u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n<h3>Strach z nahrazen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u0161ak um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 u mnoha lid\u00ed nejistotu. \u010c\u00edm jsou stroje v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm \u010dast\u011bji se objevuj\u00ed ot\u00e1zky: Co vlastn\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 typicky lidsk\u00e9?<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence p\u00ed\u0161e texty, generuje obr\u00e1zky, stanovuje diagn\u00f3zy nebo p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed \u00fakoly, tradi\u010dn\u00ed pojet\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a identity se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 rozpadat. Mnoho lid\u00ed se siln\u011b definuje na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed nebo profese. Kdy\u017e stroje p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce \u00fakol\u016f, je snadn\u00e9 m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee se st\u00e1v\u00e1te zam\u011bniteln\u00fdmi. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee tento strach se \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b podob\u00e1 star\u0161\u00edm filozofick\u00fdm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m:<\/p>\n<p>Co d\u011bl\u00e1 lidi jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi? V\u011bdom\u00ed? Empatie? Mor\u00e1lka? Kreativita? L\u00e1ska? Nebo jen schopnost hledat smysl? Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto se ot\u00e1zka smyslu st\u00e1v\u00e1 ve v\u011bku um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed mechanizovan\u00e9 pr\u00e1zdnoty<\/h3>\n<p>Modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti maj\u00ed n\u011bkdy tendenci vn\u00edmat lidi p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z technick\u00e9ho nebo funk\u010dn\u00edho hlediska. V\u00fdkon, data, efektivita a optimalizace hraj\u00ed st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli. To v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat i nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. V\u017edy\u0165 lid\u00e9 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nejsou tvo\u0159eni jen biologick\u00fdmi procesy nebo racion\u00e1ln\u00edmi rozhodnut\u00edmi. Lid\u00e9 \u010dasto pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed smysl, emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed vazby, spole\u010denstv\u00ed, vzpom\u00ednky, nad\u011bji a pocit, \u017ee jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud technologie pouze zvy\u0161uj\u00ed pohodl\u00ed a efektivitu, ani\u017e by braly v \u00favahu tyto hlub\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout nov\u00e1 forma vnit\u0159n\u00ed pr\u00e1zdnoty. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159ed takov\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem varovali filozofov\u00e9 jako Helmut Thielicke a Viktor Frankl - a to d\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence v\u016fbec vznikla. Lid\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u016fstanou lid\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si mysl\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159es ve\u0161ker\u00fd technologick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jeden zaj\u00edmav\u00fd post\u0159eh: Lid\u00e9 se i v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u011bku zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed stejn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami jako p\u0159ed tis\u00edci lety. Hledaj\u00ed l\u00e1sku, bezpe\u010d\u00ed, orientaci, spole\u010denstv\u00ed, nad\u011bji a smysl.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1stroje a technologie se m\u011bn\u00ed rychleji ne\u017e samotn\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 povaha. A mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b modern\u00ed debata o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci odhaluje n\u011bco velmi z\u00e1sadn\u00edho:<\/p>\n<p>I ve sv\u011bt\u011b pln\u00e9m technologi\u00ed se zd\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 hledaj\u00ed nejen efektivitu, ale tak\u00e9 smysl.<\/p>\n<h3>David Steindl-Rast a ot\u00e1zka vd\u011b\u010dnosti, smrti a smyslu \u017eivota<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed pohled na ot\u00e1zku smyslu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed David Steindl-Rast. V rozhovoru pro SRF Kultur hovo\u0159\u00ed tento benediktinsk\u00fd mnich, zenov\u00fd mistr a doktor psychologie o t\u00e9matech, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b dob\u0159e zapadaj\u00ed do hlavn\u00edch my\u0161lenek tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku: Vd\u011b\u010dnost, pom\u00edjivost, \u017eivotn\u00ed cesta a vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se se smrt\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je jeho klidn\u00fd pohled na st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. Steindl-Rast, kter\u00fd se dnes ohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed za t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stolet\u00fdm \u017eivotem, popisuje smysl nikoli jako abstraktn\u00ed teorii, ale jako v\u011bdom\u00fd postoj k \u017eivotu jako takov\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_3rLNALMh_yk\"><div id=\"lyte_3rLNALMh_yk\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F3rLNALMh_yk%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/3rLNALMh_yk\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F3rLNALMh_yk%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Miniatura videa na YouTube\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Pod\u00edvejte se na toto video na YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><br \/>\nDavid Steindl-Rast: Jak\u00fd je smysl \u017eivota? | Sternstunde N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@srfkultursternstunden\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Kultura SRF<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pozoruhodn\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 jeho kritika majetnictv\u00ed a \u010dist\u011b materi\u00e1ln\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho klade d\u016fraz na pozornost, vd\u011b\u010dnost a v\u011bdom\u00e9 pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Rozhovor tak p\u016fsob\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b jako klasick\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd dialog a v\u00edce jako klidn\u00e1 filozofick\u00e1 \u00favaha o lidsk\u00e9m \u00fad\u011blu. Video tak velmi dob\u0159e dopl\u0148uje p\u0159edchoz\u00ed kapitoly o hled\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu, prosperit\u011b a pom\u00edjivosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Nina Hagen jako p\u0159\u00edklad pro\u017eit\u00e9ho hled\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu \u017eivota<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/more-than-punk-nina-hagen-cosma-shiva-a-umeni-nenechat-se-strhnout\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-4530\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nina-Cosma-Shiva-Hagen-Titel-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Portr\u00e9t Niny a Cosmy Shiva Hagenov\u00fdch\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nina-Cosma-Shiva-Hagen-Titel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nina-Cosma-Shiva-Hagen-Titel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nina-Cosma-Shiva-Hagen-Titel-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nina-Cosma-Shiva-Hagen-Titel.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Ot\u00e1zka smyslu \u017eivota nen\u00ed jen filozofickou nebo teologickou ot\u00e1zkou. \u010casto je patrn\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na v \u017eivotopisech lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed za\u017eili extr\u00e9mn\u00ed kontrasty - publicitu a osam\u011blost, provokaci a spiritualitu, chaos a hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00e1du. Zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je Nina Hagenov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 po mnoho desetilet\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b provokovala a z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u017edy otev\u0159en\u011b hovo\u0159ila o v\u00ed\u0159e, ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch smyslu a sv\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 orientaci. Detailn\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/more-than-punk-nina-hagen-cosma-shiva-a-umeni-nenechat-se-strhnout\/\"><strong>Portr\u00e9t Niny Hagenov\u00e9 a Cosmy Shivy Hagenov\u00e9<\/strong><\/a> ukazuje, jak \u00fazce spolu mohou souviset postoje, identita a duchovn\u00ed hled\u00e1n\u00ed - zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b osobnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se nikdy nenechaly zcela ovl\u00e1dnout.<\/p>\n<h2>Existuje v\u016fbec jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f? Touha po jistot\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le o ot\u00e1zce smyslu p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edte, t\u00edm jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku pon\u011bkud st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1 my\u0161lenka: rozhodn\u011b neexistuje jedin\u00e1 definitivn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f, na kter\u00e9 by se v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 shodli. N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed si n\u011bkdy navz\u00e1jem odporuj\u00ed. Filozofov\u00e9 doch\u00e1zej\u00ed k r\u016fzn\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm. V\u011bda dok\u00e1\u017ee vysv\u011btlit mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed, ale nem\u016f\u017ee nutn\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zku, pro\u010d by m\u011bl m\u00edt \u017eivot v\u016fbec n\u011bjak\u00fd smysl.<\/p>\n<p>A p\u0159esto se zd\u00e1, \u017ee lidstvo hled\u00e1 u\u017e tis\u00edce let. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je v tom n\u011bco velmi lidsk\u00e9ho. Lid\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed veden\u00ed. Cht\u011bj\u00ed pochopit, pro\u010d existuj\u00ed, co je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a co \u0161patn\u00e9 a na \u010dem nakonec skute\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v nejist\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch touha po jasn\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00edch \u010dasto roste.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce ot\u00e1zek v\u0161ak vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1, t\u00edm obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je z\u00edskat absolutn\u00ed jistotu.<\/p>\n<h3>Mezi v\u00edrou, pochybnostmi a otev\u0159enost\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Mnoho lid\u00ed se pohybuje n\u011bkde mezi v\u00edrou a pochybnostmi. Dokonce i v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed \u010dasto ot\u00e1zky nebo nejistotu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se mnoho nen\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch lid\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u011bkdy zab\u00fdv\u00e1 t\u00e9maty, jako je pom\u00edjivost, v\u011bdom\u00ed nebo smrt.<\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka smyslu je jedn\u00edm z m\u00e1la t\u00e9mat, kter\u00e1 nelze pln\u011b zm\u011b\u0159it ani prok\u00e1zat. M\u016f\u017eete diskutovat o n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, filozofovat nebo shroma\u017e\u010fovat v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky. Nakonec v\u0161ak v\u017edy z\u016fstane oblast, kterou nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee definitivn\u011b ovl\u00e1dnout.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se postoj agnosticismu zd\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00fdm lidem tak pochopiteln\u00fd. Agnostici v podstat\u011b netvrd\u00ed, \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd smysl nebo B\u016fh. Sp\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Nakonec to s jistotou nev\u00edme.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 to zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pova\u017euj\u00ed za neuspokojiv\u00e9. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je v tom ale i ur\u010dit\u00e1 up\u0159\u00edmnost.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d jsou jednoduch\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi \u010dasto problematick\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom dokonce m\u011bli b\u00fdt opatrn\u00ed, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee u\u017e m\u00e1 kone\u010dnou odpov\u011b\u010f na v\u0161echny ot\u00e1zky smyslu. Historie ukazuje, \u017ee absolutn\u00ed jistota m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed tendenci zjednodu\u0161ovat slo\u017eit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. To poskytuje jistotu. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky v\u0161ak \u010dasto nelze zcela redukovat na jednoduch\u00e9 vzorce.<\/p>\n<p>To tak\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d si mnoz\u00ed velc\u00ed myslitel\u00e9 navzdory sv\u00e9mu siln\u00e9mu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed zachovali ur\u010ditou pokoru. I filozofov\u00e9, teologov\u00e9 nebo v\u011bdci, kte\u0159\u00ed o podobn\u00fdch t\u00e9matech p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed, \u010dasto v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku narazili na sv\u00e9 limity.<\/p>\n<p>To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1zor je stejn\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00fd. Ale mo\u017en\u00e1 je nejistota neodd\u011blitelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho byt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Ot\u00e1zka za ot\u00e1zkou<\/h3>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka smyslu se \u010dasto m\u011bn\u00ed s p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011bkem nebo \u017eivotn\u00edmi zku\u0161enostmi. Mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u010dasto v\u00edce hledaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 c\u00edle, svobodu nebo seberealizaci. Pozd\u011bji se n\u011bkdy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pak se ot\u00e1zka st\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b teoretickou. Najednou u\u017e nejde jen o \u201esmysl \u017eivota\u201c jako abstraktn\u00ed formuli, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e o konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Byl jsem pro ostatn\u00ed lidi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd?<\/li>\n<li>Miloval jsem?<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159evzal jsem odpov\u011bdnost?<\/li>\n<li>Zanechal jsem tu n\u011bco u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho?<\/li>\n<li>A \u017eil jsem sv\u016fj \u017eivot v\u011bdom\u011b?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd rozd\u00edl. Mnoho lid\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 hledat jednu velkou odpov\u011b\u010f. Pozd\u011bji si n\u011bkdy uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee smysl poch\u00e1z\u00ed z mnoha mal\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d by mohlo b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 samotn\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Je dokonce mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st odpov\u011bdi spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v samotn\u00e9m hled\u00e1n\u00ed. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee lid\u00e9 nejsou stvo\u0159eni k tomu, aby proch\u00e1zeli \u017eivotem zcela lhostejn\u011b. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed, pochybuj\u00ed, doufaj\u00ed, hledaj\u00ed orientaci a sna\u017e\u00ed se d\u00e1t sv\u00e9mu \u017eivotu smysl. T\u00edm se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b li\u0161\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 od v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch \u017eiv\u00fdch bytost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b toto hled\u00e1n\u00ed spojuje lidi nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d kulturami, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edmi a v\u011bky. Lid\u00e9 mohou nach\u00e1zet r\u016fzn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi, ale z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b podobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Mo\u017enost, \u017ee n\u011bkolik v\u011bc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pravdiv\u00fdch sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/h3>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le se \u010dlov\u011bk zab\u00fdv\u00e1 filozofi\u00ed a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm, t\u00edm je mu jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory se neskl\u00e1daj\u00ed jen z protiklad\u016f. R\u016fzn\u00e9 tradice \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 post\u0159ehy, kter\u00e9 se mohou zd\u00e1t pravdiv\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 lid\u00e9 opravdu pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed komunitu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnost. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed nad\u011bji. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed svobodu. A mo\u017en\u00e1 n\u011bkdy dokonce pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pochybnosti. \u017divot se \u010dasto zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jednoduch\u00e9 \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi.<\/p>\n<p>Nakonec je to mo\u017en\u00e1 ta nejup\u0159\u00edmn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f:<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky po smyslu z\u016fstane pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u017edy nezodpov\u011bzena. A to nakonec nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0161patn\u011b. Koneckonc\u016f je to pr\u00e1v\u011b nedostatek pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd lidi po tis\u00edce let poh\u00e1n\u011bl:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let,<\/li>\n<li>v\u011b\u0159it,<\/li>\n<li>napsat,<\/li>\n<li>milovat,<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdzkum,<\/li>\n<li>pochybovat<\/li>\n<li>a znovu a znovu hledat smysl.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u016fvod, pro\u010d lid\u00e9 nejsou jen bytosti, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed odpov\u011bdi. Je tak\u00e9 bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pot\u0159ebuje ot\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d m\u011b klasick\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd jazyk \u010dasto neoslovil<\/h3>\n<p>A\u010dkoli jsem byl pok\u0159t\u011bn jako protestant, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v m\u00e9m ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b nikdy nehr\u00e1lo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velkou roli. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee bych byl z\u00e1sadn\u011b proti \u010demukoli n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu. \u010casto jsem m\u011bl dokonce r\u00e1d takov\u00e9 v\u011bci, jako je spole\u010denstv\u00ed, c\u00edrkevn\u00ed slavnosti nebo spole\u010densk\u00e1 interakce. C\u00edrkve m\u011bly d\u0159\u00edve na mnoha m\u00edstech sjednocuj\u00edc\u00ed funkci, kter\u00e1 se dnes \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vytratila. Jazyk mnoha k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed a teologick\u00fdch text\u016f byl pro m\u011b v\u017edy obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edpravky jako nap\u0159. <em>\u201eP\u00e1n k n\u00e1m mluv\u00ed\u201c<\/em> nebo <em>\u201eB\u016fh se zjevuje\u201c<\/em> mi \u010dasto p\u0159ipadaly velmi abstraktn\u00ed a vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu ka\u017edodenn\u00edmu \u017eivotu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jsem k n\u011bmu prost\u011b nem\u011bl p\u0159\u00edstup. A pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jsem nikdy nec\u00edtil pot\u0159ebu se s t\u00edmto star\u00fdm sv\u011btem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho jazyka hloub\u011bji sezn\u00e1mit. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto mi osobnosti jako Helmut Thielicke p\u0159ipadaj\u00ed p\u0159i zp\u011btn\u00e9m pohledu zaj\u00edmav\u00e9. Z\u0159ejm\u011b dok\u00e1zal vyj\u00e1d\u0159it slo\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 my\u0161lenky takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, \u017ee mu r\u00e1di naslouchali i lid\u00e9 mimo tradi\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed kruhy. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom byla jeho zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed s\u00edla.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6086\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Tod.jpg\" alt=\"Co lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ijde po smrti\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Tod.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Tod-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Tod-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sinn-des-Lebens-Tod-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Co si lid\u00e9 mysl\u00ed o tom, co p\u0159ijde po smrti?<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1lokter\u00e9 t\u00e9ma zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 lidi tak dlouho a tak intenzivn\u011b jako ot\u00e1zka, co se stane po smrti. Tato ot\u00e1zka se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b objevila velmi brzy v lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch. Jakmile lid\u00e9 za\u010dali o sob\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let a v\u011bdom\u011b vn\u00edmat smrt, museli si v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku polo\u017eit ot\u00e1zku:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Je pak u\u017e v\u0161emu konec? Nebo n\u011bco pokra\u010duje?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee v pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin se na tuto ot\u00e1zku vyvinuly zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi. N\u011bkter\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed o nebi a v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 existenci. Jin\u00e1 hovo\u0159\u00ed o znovuzrozen\u00ed nebo duchovn\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch. Jin\u00e1 zase p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee smrt je definitivn\u00edm koncem v\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto i zde existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 podobnosti. Koneckonc\u016f i lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed, se \u010dasto v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku p\u0159istihnou, \u017ee p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed, zda jejich vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot opravdu \u00fapln\u011b zmiz\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b s p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011bkem nebo po ztr\u00e1t\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch se tato ot\u00e1zka \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 osobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To je mo\u017en\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed bod: ot\u00e1zka smrti je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy tak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zkou po smyslu \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<h3>Nebe a v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot<\/h3>\n<p>V mnoha monoteistick\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch hraje my\u0161lenka posmrtn\u00e9ho \u017eivota \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli. Zejm\u00e9na v k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed a isl\u00e1mu nen\u00ed pozemsk\u00fd \u017eivot \u010dasto pova\u017eov\u00e1n za kone\u010dn\u00fd stav, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e za sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho kontextu.<\/p>\n<p>V k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o tom, jak p\u0159esn\u011b \u017eivot po smrti vypad\u00e1. Nad\u011bje na v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot v bl\u00edzkosti Boha je v\u0161ak obvykle \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed. Smrt nen\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako kone\u010dn\u00e9 zmizen\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e jako p\u0159echod.<\/p>\n<p>Posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot hraje v isl\u00e1mu tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eitou roli. \u017divot na zemi je \u010dasto vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako zkou\u0161ka nebo p\u0159\u00edprava. Podle klasick\u00e9ho pojet\u00ed po smrti n\u00e1sleduje bo\u017e\u00ed soud, kter\u00fd rozhoduje o budouc\u00ed cest\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee ob\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed nejen nab\u00eddnout \u00fat\u011bchu, ale tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd \u017eivot m\u00e1 svou v\u00e1hu, proto\u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. To pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d byly tyto my\u0161lenky pro mnoho lid\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed smrti nejen hr\u016fzu, ale tak\u00e9 smysl.<\/p>\n<h3>Znovuzrozen\u00ed a velk\u00fd cyklus<\/h3>\n<p>Na prvn\u00ed pohled se n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, jako je hinduismus nebo buddhismus, zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt zcela odli\u0161n\u00e1. V nich se \u010dasto neklade d\u016fraz na jeden \u017eivot, ale na cyklus znovuzrozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Podle hinduistick\u00e9 v\u00edry se lid\u00e9 rod\u00ed znovu a znovu. Na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed \u010diny ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed existence prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm karmy. Dlouhodob\u00fdm c\u00edlem je vysvobozen\u00ed z tohoto cyklu.<\/p>\n<p>Znovuzrozen\u00ed hraje roli i v buddhismu, i kdy\u017e se zde klade v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed utrpen\u00ed a p\u0159ipoutanosti. Lid\u00e9 by si m\u011bli uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee mnoho jejich tu\u017eeb a obav je pom\u00edjiv\u00fdch. Teprve pak je mo\u017en\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00ed svoboda.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee tento pohled vn\u00edm\u00e1 smrt m\u00e9n\u011b jako absolutn\u00ed zlom. \u017divot se jev\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e jako dlouh\u00fd proces v\u00fdvoje.<\/p>\n<p>Pro mnoho lid\u00ed ze Z\u00e1padu se takov\u00e9 my\u0161lenky zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt zpo\u010d\u00e1tku podivn\u00e9. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 obsahuj\u00ed zaj\u00edmavou my\u0161lenku: \u017eivot nen\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jen jako kr\u00e1tk\u00fd individu\u00e1ln\u00ed okam\u017eik, ale jako sou\u010d\u00e1st mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho kontextu.<\/p>\n<h3>Duchovn\u00ed pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed existence<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje tak\u00e9 \u0159ada duchovn\u00edch tradic, kter\u00e9 nelze jednozna\u010dn\u011b za\u0159adit mezi n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 esoterick\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, duchovn\u00ed hnut\u00ed a domorod\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v\u00edry.<\/p>\n<p>\u010casto je zmi\u0148ov\u00e1na my\u0161lenka, \u017ee v\u011bdom\u00ed nebo du\u0161e v n\u011bjak\u00e9 form\u011b existuje d\u00e1l. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed o duchovn\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch, jin\u00ed o sv\u011btech p\u0159edk\u016f nebo o n\u00e1vratu k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed jednot\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee tyto my\u0161lenky se \u010dasto zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt m\u00e9n\u011b dogmatick\u00e9 ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Mnoho lid\u00ed dnes kombinuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 duchovn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy mezi sebou, ani\u017e by se pevn\u011b zav\u00e1zali k ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd v\u00fdvoj zde vykazuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. P\u0159esto\u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho vlivu, touha po transcendenci zjevn\u011b zcela nemiz\u00ed. Pouze hled\u00e1 nov\u00e9 formy.<\/p>\n<h3>Velk\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00e1<\/h3>\n<p>Ne v\u0161ichni se v\u0161ak c\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni pevn\u00fdmi odpov\u011b\u010fmi. Mnoz\u00ed se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed k agnostick\u00e9mu postoji a jednodu\u0161e \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: nev\u00edme.<\/p>\n<p>Tento pohled se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt na prvn\u00ed pohled st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00fd, ale obsahuje i jistou up\u0159\u00edmnost. Nikdo p\u0159ece nem\u016f\u017ee s kone\u010dnou platnost\u00ed dok\u00e1zat, co se stane po smrti.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b tato otev\u0159enost n\u011bkter\u00e9 lidi uklid\u0148uje. Nemus\u00ed se zavazovat k rigidn\u00edmu pohledu na sv\u011bt, ale akceptuj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky mohou z\u016fstat nezodpov\u011bzen\u00e9. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b tato nejistota je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho byt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Kone\u010dn\u00fd konec<\/h3>\n<p>Jin\u00ed se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee smrt vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 konec v\u011bdom\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na materialistick\u00e9 nebo ateistick\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na sv\u011bt obvykle pova\u017euj\u00ed my\u0161lenky a pocity za v\u00fdsledek biologick\u00fdch proces\u016f v mozku. Podle tohoto n\u00e1zoru se smrt\u00ed t\u011bla kon\u010d\u00ed i v\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkomu to m\u016f\u017ee zn\u00edt krut\u011b nebo bez\u00fat\u011b\u0161n\u011b. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee to automaticky neznamen\u00e1 nesmyslnost. Mnoho nen\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch lid\u00ed pova\u017euje sou\u010dasn\u00fd \u017eivot za obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 cenn\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jen jeden. To \u010dasto vede k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed na tady a te\u010f: Vztahy, z\u00e1\u017eitky, odpov\u011bdnost, lidskost a v\u011bdom\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<h3>Na \u010dem se shodne ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010det lid\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159es v\u0161echny rozd\u00edly je op\u011bt n\u011bco zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny sv\u011bton\u00e1zory p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00fd \u017eivot m\u00e1 smysl. Prakticky v\u0161ude hraje roli to, jak lid\u00e9 jednaj\u00ed, miluj\u00ed, trp\u00ed nebo p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost.<\/p>\n<p>Ukazuje tak\u00e9, \u017ee smrt je z\u0159\u00eddkakdy vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako \u010dist\u011b technick\u00e1 nebo biologick\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost. Dokonce i nen\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 filozofie \u010dasto uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee kone\u010dn\u00e1 povaha \u017eivota je t\u00edm, co v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed hloubku a smysl. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to je jeden z nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch spole\u010dn\u00fdch jmenovatel\u016f:<\/p>\n<p>Smrt \u010din\u00ed \u017eivot vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<h3>Ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za strachem<\/h3>\n<p>Za ot\u00e1zkou smrti m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Mnoho lid\u00ed se boj\u00ed nejen samotn\u00e9ho um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 toho, \u017ee zmiz\u00ed beze smyslu.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto lid\u00e9 hledaj\u00ed stopy, vztahy, vzpom\u00ednky nebo n\u011bco, co je p\u0159esahuje. A mo\u017en\u00e1 to tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se lidstvo po tis\u00edce let znovu a znovu pot\u00fdk\u00e1 se stejnou ot\u00e1zkou:<\/p>\n<p>Nejen to, co p\u0159ijde po smrti. Ale tak\u00e9 to, co se skute\u010dn\u011b po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 p\u0159edt\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se se smrt\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch pohled\u016f na sv\u011bt<\/h3>\n<div style=\"overflow: auto;\">\n<table>\n<thead style=\"background: #f2f2f2;\">\n<tr>\n<th>Pohled na sv\u011bt<\/th>\n<th>Vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se se smrt\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smrt nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za definitivn\u00ed konec, ale za p\u0159echod k soudu, vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed a v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9mu \u017eivotu s Bohem.<\/td>\n<td>Nad\u011bje na sp\u00e1su a bl\u00edzkost k Bohu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Isl\u00e1m<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u017divot je vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako p\u0159\u00edprava na posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot. Po smrti p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed soud a rozhodnut\u00ed o r\u00e1ji nebo vzd\u00e1len\u00ed se od Boha.<\/td>\n<td>Odpov\u011bdnost p\u0159ed Bohem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Judaismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>My\u0161lenky jsou r\u016fznorod\u00e9. \u010casto je kladen v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd \u017eivot v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b a pam\u011b\u0165 v r\u00e1mci komunity.<\/td>\n<td>\u017divot, pam\u011b\u0165 a odpov\u011bdnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Buddhismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smrt je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed cyklu st\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se, odch\u00e1zen\u00ed a znovuzrozen\u00ed. C\u00edlem je vysvobozen\u00ed z tohoto cyklu.<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed utrpen\u00ed a p\u0159ipoutanosti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Hinduismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smrt nen\u00ed definitivn\u00edm z\u00e1v\u011brem, ale p\u0159echodem k dal\u0161\u00edm existenc\u00edm, kter\u00e9 jsou charakterizov\u00e1ny karmou a dharmou.<\/td>\n<td>Znovuzrozen\u00ed a osvobozen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Taoismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smrt je ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako sou\u010d\u00e1st p\u0159irozen\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Lid\u00e9 by se m\u011bli nau\u010dit zapadnout do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho proudu \u017eivota.<\/td>\n<td>Harmonie s p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi zm\u011bnami<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Stoicismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smrt je nevyhnuteln\u00e1 a nelze ji ovlivnit. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, jak \u017eijete a jak\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed postoj si vytvo\u0159\u00edte.<\/td>\n<td>Klid a charakter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Existencialismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smrt obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 jasn\u011b ukazuje vlastn\u00ed svobodu a odpov\u011bdnost. Pr\u00e1v\u011b kone\u010dnost nut\u00ed lidi, aby si sami vytv\u00e1\u0159eli smysl \u017eivota.<\/td>\n<td>V\u00fdznam navzdory kone\u010dnosti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Humanismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smrt je obvykle vn\u00edm\u00e1na bez n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 jistoty posmrtn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Smysl se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed skrze lidskost, pam\u011b\u0165 a p\u0159\u00ednos na tomto sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/td>\n<td>D\u016fstojnost a odpov\u011bdnost v \u017eivot\u011b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Materialistick\u00fd ateismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smrt je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za konec v\u011bdom\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto nab\u00fdv\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u00fd \u017eivot zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu.<\/td>\n<td>Jedine\u010dnost \u017eivota<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Agnosticismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Co se stane po smrti, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00e9. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je poctiv\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed hranic lidsk\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/td>\n<td>Otev\u0159enost a nev\u011bdomost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Transhumanismus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Smrt je vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako biologick\u00e1 hranice, kterou by lid\u00e9 mohli p\u0159ekonat nebo alespo\u0148 odd\u00e1lit pomoc\u00ed technologie.<\/td>\n<td>Kontrola nad pom\u00edjivost\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Mo\u017en\u00e1 je v\u00fdznam bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si mysl\u00edme<\/h2>\n<p>Pot\u00e9, co jste se prokousali n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edmi, filozofiemi, sv\u011btov\u00fdmi n\u00e1zory, modern\u00edmi technologiemi a nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159edstavami o \u017eivot\u011b a smrti, m\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt nakonec pon\u011bkud rozporupln\u00e9 pocity. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b existuje nespo\u010det odpov\u011bd\u00ed na ot\u00e1zku po smyslu. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se zd\u00e1, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z nich nedok\u00e1\u017ee zcela p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit ka\u017ed\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>Ale mo\u017en\u00e1 je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st pravdy. Proto\u017ee smysl \u017eivota nen\u00ed matematick\u00fd vzorec, kter\u00fd lze v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku definitivn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161it. Nen\u00ed to ani tajn\u00fd k\u00f3d, kter\u00e9mu rozum\u00ed jen n\u011bkolik zasv\u011bcen\u00fdch. A mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se znovu a znovu objevuje zklam\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 hledaj\u00ed jedinou dokonalou odpov\u011b\u010f, kter\u00e1 najednou v\u0161echno vysv\u011btl\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Na to se \u017eivot \u010dasto zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rozporupln\u00fd, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 lidsk\u00fd a nedokonal\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d se mal\u00e9 v\u011bci \u010dasto st\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi<\/h3>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee pohled mnoha lid\u00ed na smysl \u017eivota se s p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi zku\u0161enostmi m\u011bn\u00ed. V mlad\u00e9m v\u011bku mnoho lid\u00ed \u010dasto hled\u00e1 velk\u00e9 c\u00edle:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00dasp\u011bch,<\/li>\n<li>Svoboda,<\/li>\n<li>Dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>Kari\u00e9ra,<\/li>\n<li>Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>nebo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pozd\u011bji se pohled n\u011bkdy pomalu m\u011bn\u00ed. V\u011bci, kter\u00e9 se d\u0159\u00edve zd\u00e1ly ned\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, se najednou stanou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi. Tich\u00fd rozhovor. \u010cas str\u00e1ven\u00fd s rodinou. Zdrav\u00ed. Spolehlivost. Vzpom\u00ednky. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstali. Drobn\u00e9 okam\u017eiky, kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve byly samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fvodem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt to, \u017ee si lid\u00e9 v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku uv\u011bdom\u00ed, jak omezen\u00fd je \u010das. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se \u010dasto m\u011bn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko toho, co se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u011b cenn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Co nakonec skute\u010dn\u011b z\u016fstane<\/h3>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee mnoho star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee se jejich pohled na \u017eivot v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku zm\u011bnil. V\u011bci, kter\u00e9 se jim d\u0159\u00edve zd\u00e1ly obrovsk\u00e9, se najednou zdaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Konflikty se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi. Symboly postaven\u00ed se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt men\u0161\u00ed. I profesn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy \u010dasto p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b rychle blednou.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cast\u011bji z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed vztahy, vzpom\u00ednky a spole\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto si pozd\u011bji m\u00e9n\u011b vzpom\u00edn\u00e1te na jednotliv\u00e9 spot\u0159ebn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo dokonal\u00e9 \u017eivotopisy, ale v\u00edce na: ur\u010dit\u00e9 rozhovory, spole\u010dn\u00e9 ve\u010dery, lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1m pomohli, nebo chv\u00edle, kdy jste se c\u00edtili opravdu na\u017eivu.<\/p>\n<p>To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011bch, pr\u00e1ce nebo v\u00fdkon nejsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Ale mo\u017en\u00e1 jsou \u010dasto sp\u00ed\u0161e prost\u0159edkem k \u017eivotu ne\u017e jeho skute\u010dnou podstatou.<\/p>\n<h3>Lid\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed smysl<\/h3>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le se \u010dlov\u011bk zab\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm, filozofi\u00ed a psychologi\u00ed, t\u00edm jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b jednoduch\u00fd poznatek: zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee lid\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed smysl.<\/p>\n<p>Nejen z\u00e1bava. Nejen pohodl\u00ed. Nejen rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed. Ale pocit, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot m\u00e1 n\u011bjakou v\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n<p>Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee tento v\u00fdznam \u010dasto vznik\u00e1 tam, kde lid\u00e9 p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost, udr\u017euj\u00ed vztahy, n\u011bco buduj\u00ed nebo pom\u00e1haj\u00ed druh\u00fdm lidem. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b tato t\u00e9mata se opakovan\u011b objevuj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech sv\u011bton\u00e1zorech - i kdy\u017e samotn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my jsou \u010dasto velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9. Mo\u017en\u00e1 to nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d si lidstvo klade st\u00e1le stejn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h3>\n<p>Jeden z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch poznatk\u016f tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku mo\u017en\u00e1 nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v jednotliv\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00edch, ale ve zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 se ke stejn\u00fdm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m vracej\u00ed znovu a znovu u\u017e tis\u00edce let.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kdo jsem?<\/li>\n<li>Na \u010dem skute\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed?<\/li>\n<li>Jak m\u00e1m \u017e\u00edt?<\/li>\n<li>Co se stane po smrti?<\/li>\n<li>A pro\u010d m\u00e1m n\u011bkdy pocit, \u017ee \u017eivot by m\u011bl b\u00fdt v\u00edc ne\u017e jen fungov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 to ukazuje n\u011bco velmi z\u00e1sadn\u00edho o lidech. Z\u0159ejm\u011b jim nesta\u010d\u00ed jen existovat. Cht\u011bj\u00ed sv\u00e9mu \u017eivotu rozum\u011bt, c\u00edtit ho, kategorizovat a d\u00e1vat mu smysl. A mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b toto hled\u00e1n\u00ed je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed toho, co n\u00e1s d\u011bl\u00e1 lidmi.<\/p>\n<h3>Nen\u00ed to dokonal\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f - ale mo\u017en\u00e1 je to sm\u011br.<\/h3>\n<p>Na konci tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku tedy pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 definitivn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd dokonal\u00fd vzorec. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd \u201e42\u201c, kter\u00fd by najednou v\u0161echno vysv\u011btlil.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 se v\u0161ak p\u0159ece jen r\u00fdsuje ur\u010dit\u00fd sm\u011br. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee mnoh\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, filozofie a sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 v\u011bci znovu a znovu, nez\u00e1visle na sob\u011b: Soucit, odpov\u011bdnost, spole\u010denstv\u00ed, l\u00e1ska, vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozvoj, d\u016fstojnost a pot\u0159eba zanechat po sob\u011b n\u011bco smyslupln\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 na\u0161li stejnou pravdu. M\u016f\u017ee to v\u0161ak nazna\u010dovat, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti jsou hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bny v samotn\u00e9m lidsk\u00e9m stavu.<\/p>\n<h3>Mo\u017en\u00e1 je v\u00fdznam ve skute\u010dnosti bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si mysl\u00edme<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 lid\u00e9 n\u011bkdy hledaj\u00ed smysl \u017eivota p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko. Ve velk\u00fdch ideologi\u00edch. V abstraktn\u00edch teori\u00edch. V neust\u00e1l\u00e9m \u00fasp\u011bchu. V technick\u00e9 dokonalosti nebo spole\u010densk\u00e9m uzn\u00e1n\u00ed. A mo\u017en\u00e1 je velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z nich bl\u00ed\u017e, ne\u017e si celou dobu mysl\u00edme.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V dialogu.<\/li>\n<li>V odpov\u011bdnosti.<\/li>\n<li>V bl\u00edzkosti.<\/li>\n<li>Ve vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>U lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou pro n\u00e1s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Ve v\u011bcech, kter\u00e9 stav\u00edme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A n\u011bkdy mo\u017en\u00e1 i v mal\u00fdch, tich\u00fdch okam\u017eic\u00edch, kter\u00e9 se na prvn\u00ed pohled zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt zcela nen\u00e1padn\u00e9. Nakonec smysl \u017eivota pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nen\u00ed n\u011bco, co by v\u00e1m bylo zcela vlastn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Je to sp\u00ed\u0161e n\u011bco, co vznik\u00e1 mezi lidmi, kdy\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed \u017e\u00edt sv\u016fj \u017eivot v\u011bdom\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Johann Sebastian Bach mezi v\u00edrou, \u0159\u00e1dem a lidskost\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/johann-sebastian-bach-order-postoj-a-zaklad-nasi-hudby\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-5066\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Johann Sebastian Bach Portr\u00e9t\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Portrait.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Snad \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd skladatel nespojuje hudbu, spiritualitu a lidskou hloubku tak siln\u011b jako Johann Sebastian Bach. V m\u00e9m podrobn\u00e9m <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/02\/johann-sebastian-bach-order-postoj-a-zaklad-nasi-hudby\/\"><strong>Portr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek o Bachovi<\/strong><\/a> nen\u00ed tedy jen o jeho \u017eivot\u011b nebo nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u00edlech, ale tak\u00e9 o tom, pro\u010d jeho hudba dodnes emocion\u00e1ln\u011b zasahuje lidi. Zejm\u00e9na v souvislosti s ot\u00e1zkou smyslu se Bach jev\u00ed jako p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b modern\u00ed. Jeho skladby se \u010dasto zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed pom\u00edjivost\u00ed, \u00fat\u011bchou, nad\u011bj\u00ed, \u0159\u00e1dem a vnit\u0159n\u00edm klidem - jin\u00fdmi slovy t\u00e9maty, kter\u00e1 zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed i mnoh\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a filozofick\u00e9 pohledy na sv\u011bt. Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed je zejm\u00e9na to, \u017ee navzdory matematick\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti sv\u00e9 hudby Bach nikdy nep\u016fsob\u00ed chladn\u011b nebo technicky. Za velk\u00fdm \u0159\u00e1dem jeho d\u011bl se v\u017edy skr\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bco hluboce lidsk\u00e9ho. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d jeho hudba oslovuje i lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed s c\u00edrkv\u00ed nebo n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-407 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-407 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; 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Tam ob\u0159\u00ed superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 \u201eodpov\u011b\u010f na kone\u010dnou ot\u00e1zku \u017eivota, vesm\u00edru a v\u0161eho ostatn\u00edho\u201c a dojde k v\u00fdsledku 42. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 pointa v\u0161ak spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee nikdo p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u00ed, jak\u00e1 byla p\u016fvodn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka. V d\u016fsledku toho se toto \u010d\u00edslo stalo humorn\u00fdm symbolem lidsk\u00e9ho hled\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu a definitivn\u00edch odpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d se lid\u00e9 v\u016fbec zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou smyslu?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed schopnost p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o sob\u011b, sv\u00e9 minulosti a budoucnosti. To t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 automaticky vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku, pro\u010d vlastn\u011b \u017eijeme a na \u010dem n\u00e1m skute\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Tato ot\u00e1zka se pro mnoho lid\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou v krizov\u00fdch obdob\u00edch, ve st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nebo po drastick\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitc\u00edch. Ot\u00e1zka po smyslu se proto zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1mkou slabosti a sp\u00ed\u0161e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho v\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mus\u00edte b\u00fdt v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed, abyste p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli o smyslu \u017eivota?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Ne. Mnoho lid\u00ed se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou smyslu, ani\u017e by pat\u0159ili k n\u011bjak\u00e9mu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Odpov\u011bdi na tuto ot\u00e1zku se sna\u017eili naj\u00edt tak\u00e9 filozofov\u00e9, humanist\u00e9, existencialist\u00e9 a psychologov\u00e9. N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed \u010dasto nab\u00edzej\u00ed komplexn\u00ed modely smyslu, ale i nen\u00e1bo\u017een\u0161t\u00ed lid\u00e9 hledaj\u00ed orientaci, smysl, odpov\u011bdnost a vnit\u0159n\u00ed stabilitu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kter\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed se nejv\u00edce zab\u00fdv\u00e1 smyslem \u017eivota?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Na tuto ot\u00e1zku lze jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u011bt jednozna\u010dn\u011b. Prakticky v\u0161echna velk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed se intenzivn\u011b zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou smyslu, utrpen\u00ed, odpov\u011bdnosti a smrti. K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, isl\u00e1m, buddhismus, hinduismus a judaismus zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 aspekty. N\u011bkter\u00e1 kladou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na vztah s Bohem, jin\u00e1 na soucit, pozn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vnit\u0159n\u00ed r\u016fst.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d jsou si mnoh\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a filozofie navzdory rozd\u00edl\u016fm podobn\u00e9?<br \/>\n<\/strong>P\u0159esto\u017ee si jednotliv\u00e9 pohledy na sv\u011bt v mnoha ohledech odporuj\u00ed, n\u011bkter\u00e1 t\u00e9mata se st\u00e1le opakuj\u00ed. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli odpov\u011bdnost, soucit, spole\u010denstv\u00ed, l\u00e1ska, sebeomezov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se s pom\u00edjivost\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to proto, \u017ee lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti bez ohledu na kulturu nebo v\u011bk.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi \u0161t\u011bst\u00edm a smyslem \u017eivota?<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u0160t\u011bst\u00ed je \u010dasto kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 a siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch okolnostech. Naproti tomu smysl m\u00e1 \u010dasto hlub\u0161\u00ed a dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek. \u010clov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd, a p\u0159esto se uvnit\u0159 c\u00edtit pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 mohou lid\u00e9 poci\u0165ovat smysl i v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch, pokud na sebe berou odpov\u011bdnost, udr\u017euj\u00ed vztahy nebo sleduj\u00ed c\u00edl, kter\u00fd se jim zd\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d prosperita ned\u011bl\u00e1 mnoho lid\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdmi?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Mnoz\u00ed filozofov\u00e9 a psychologov\u00e9 poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee lid\u00e9 si velmi rychle zvykaj\u00ed na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy nebo spot\u0159ebn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed \u010dasto p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed pouze kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 uspokojen\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 je ji\u017e obvykle na obzoru dal\u0161\u00ed c\u00edl. Proto materi\u00e1ln\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u0159e\u0161it praktick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ale nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed automaticky vnit\u0159n\u00ed orientaci nebo dlouhodob\u00fd smysl.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co m\u011bl Viktor Frankl na mysli slovy \u201eKdo m\u00e1 pro\u010d \u017e\u00edt, vydr\u017e\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e9 jak\u201c?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Viktor Frankl, kter\u00fd p\u0159e\u017eil nacistick\u00e9 koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bory, si v\u0161iml, \u017ee lid\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed sn\u00e1\u0161et i velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 situace, pokud vid\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b smysl. Touto v\u011btou cht\u011bl \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee lid\u00e9 se \u010dasto dok\u00e1\u017eou vyrovnat s ohromuj\u00edc\u00edmi z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eemi, pokud maj\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed d\u016fvod pokra\u010dovat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d hraje smrt tak d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v ot\u00e1zce smyslu?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Proto\u017ee kone\u010dnost \u017eivota d\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoha v\u011bcem p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm smysl. Vztahy, vzpom\u00ednky nebo sd\u00edlen\u00e9 okam\u017eiky jsou \u010dasto cenn\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee \u010das je omezen\u00fd. Mnoho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a filozofi\u00ed se smrt\u00ed intenzivn\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1, proto\u017ee ot\u00e1zka smyslu \u017eivota je \u00fazce spojena s ot\u00e1zkou pom\u00edjivosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot?<br \/>\n<\/strong>My\u0161lenky se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed a isl\u00e1m \u010dasto hovo\u0159\u00ed o pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota s Bohem nebo o posmrtn\u00e9m soudu. Hinduismus a buddhismus sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed znovuzrozen\u00ed. Jin\u00e9 duchovn\u00ed sm\u011bry hovo\u0159\u00ed o duchovn\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch nebo o pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed existenci v\u011bdom\u00ed. Jin\u00e9 zase v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bdom\u00ed smrt\u00ed kon\u010d\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kdo byl Helmut Thielicke a \u010d\u00edm je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Helmut Thielicke byl pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd protestantsk\u00fd teolog, filozof a kazatel. Proslavil se zejm\u00e9na sv\u00fdmi pravdiv\u00fdmi p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kami a k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edmi v Hamburku. Intenzivn\u011b se zab\u00fdval strachem, ztr\u00e1tou smyslu, nihilismem, odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed a ot\u00e1zkou, co \u010dlov\u011bka vnit\u0159n\u011b udr\u017euje, kdy\u017e vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jistoty odpadaj\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se mnoh\u00e9 jeho my\u0161lenky dnes zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b modern\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d se \u010dl\u00e1nek tak podrobn\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1 Helmutem Thielickem?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Thielicke toti\u017e nebyl jen teolog, ale \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd se existenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami zab\u00fdval velmi lidsk\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Je tu i osobn\u00ed souvislost: autorovi nevlastn\u00ed rodi\u010de \u017eili p\u0159ed pades\u00e1ti lety v Hamburku a sami tam Thielickeho sly\u0161eli mluvit. To dod\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e9matu dal\u0161\u00ed osobn\u00ed rovinu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co p\u0159esn\u011b znamen\u00e1 nihilismus?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Nihilismus popisuje my\u0161lenku, \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd objektivn\u00ed nebo univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed smysl \u017eivota. Hodnoty a v\u00fdznamy jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bkem. Nihilismus je \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n s beznad\u011bj\u00ed, ale ve skute\u010dnosti jej lze ch\u00e1pat tak\u00e9 jako v\u00fdzvu k p\u0159evzet\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za vlastn\u00ed smysl \u017eivota.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 navzdory technologi\u00edm a prosperit\u011b st\u00e1le hledaj\u00ed smysl \u017eivota?<br \/>\n<\/strong>A\u010dkoli technick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it pohodl\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnost, nem\u016f\u017ee samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zcela nahradit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 pot\u0159eby. Lid\u00e9 st\u00e1le hledaj\u00ed bl\u00edzkost, orientaci, smysl a spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Modern\u00ed spole\u010dnost nab\u00edz\u00ed mnoho p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010dasto vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e9 nejistoty a dezorientaci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Je um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence nebo transhumanismus druhem nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed?<br \/>\n<\/strong>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech n\u011bkter\u00e9 my\u0161lenky skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 ideje. Transhumanistick\u00e9 koncepty se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed nesmrtelnost\u00ed, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm v\u011bdom\u00ed nebo p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00edm lidsk\u00fdch omezen\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 prom\u00edtaj\u00ed nad\u011bje nebo obavy do budouc\u00ed \u201evy\u0161\u0161\u00ed inteligence\u201c. Proto se n\u011bkter\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 vize budoucnosti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 podobaj\u00ed modern\u00edm n\u00e1hra\u017ek\u00e1m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d jsou vztahy pro mnoho lid\u00ed tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 jsou spole\u010densk\u00e9 bytosti. L\u00e1ska, p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, rodina a komunita d\u00e1vaj\u00ed mnoha lidem pocit, \u017ee jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00ed a spojeni. \u0158ada n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a filozofi\u00ed proto pova\u017euje vztahy za hlavn\u00ed zdroj smyslu a citov\u00e9 stability.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d po sob\u011b lid\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed zanechat n\u011bco trval\u00e9ho?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Mnoho lid\u00ed chce zanechat stopu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159es\u00e1hne jejich vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt rodina, um\u011bn\u00ed, knihy, pr\u00e1ce nebo prost\u011b dobr\u00e1 vzpom\u00ednka. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee tato touha \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s lidskou pom\u00edjivost\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 necht\u011bj\u00ed m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee zcela zmiz\u00ed bez v\u00fdznamu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Existuje v\u016fbec jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku po smyslu?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ne v jedin\u00e9m jednoduch\u00e9m vzorci. R\u016fzn\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, filozofie a sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory doch\u00e1zej\u00ed k r\u016fzn\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak mnoh\u00e9 z nich vykazuj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzorce, jako je odpov\u011bdnost, soucit, spole\u010denstv\u00ed nebo vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozvoj. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdznam ot\u00e1zky po smyslu ani tak v dokonal\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e v samotn\u00e9m lidsk\u00e9m hled\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nakonec opravdu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Na tuto ot\u00e1zku neexistuje univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f. Mnoho lid\u00ed si v\u0161ak v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee vztahy, odpov\u011bdnost, vzpom\u00ednky, bl\u00edzkost a pocit, \u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bli k n\u011b\u010demu smyslupln\u00e9mu, jsou \u010dasto d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pouh\u00fd majetek nebo postaven\u00ed. Smysl \u017eivota je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b n\u011bkdy bl\u00ed\u017ee, ne\u017e si zpo\u010d\u00e1tku mysl\u00edme.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-post-types\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#dpt-wrapper-408 { --dpt-text-align: left;--dpt-image-crop: center;--dpt-border-radius: 5px;--dpt-h-gutter: 10px;--dpt-v-gutter: 9px; }\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#dpt-wrapper-408 { --dpt-title-font-style:normal;--dpt-title-font-weight:600;--dpt-title-line-height:1.5;--dpt-title-text-decoration:none;--dpt-title-text-transform:none;--dpt-excerpt-font-style:normal;--dpt-excerpt-font-weight:400;--dpt-excerpt-line-height:1.5;--dpt-excerpt-text-decoration:none;--dpt-excerpt-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta1-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta1-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta1-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta1-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta1-text-transform:none;--dpt-meta2-font-style:normal;--dpt-meta2-font-weight:400;--dpt-meta2-line-height:1.9;--dpt-meta2-text-decoration:none;--dpt-meta2-text-transform:none; }<\/style><div class=\"dpt-main-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-main-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dpt-main-title-text\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"dpt-wrapper-408\" class=\"dpt-wrapper dpt-mag1 land1 dpt-cropped dpt-flex-wrap\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"als ich mit einem roboter telefonierte &#8211; wie ki das telefon erobert und wie man sie erkennt\" data-id=\"5130\"  data-category=\"allgemein gesellschaft ki-systeme stories &amp; humor\" data-post_tag=\"datenschutz erfahrungen k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz prozesse\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/03\/kdyz-jsem-telefonoval-s-robotem-jak-ki-ovlada-telefon-a-jak-ho-rozpoznat\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Kdy\u017e jsem telefonoval s robotem - jak um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence dob\u00fdv\u00e1 telefon a jak ji rozpoznat<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Telefonn\u00ed rozhovor s robotem s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Telefonanrufe-KI-Werbung.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Telefonanrufe-KI-Werbung.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Telefonanrufe-KI-Werbung-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Telefonanrufe-KI-Werbung-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Telefonanrufe-KI-Werbung-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/03\/kdyz-jsem-telefonoval-s-robotem-jak-ki-ovlada-telefon-a-jak-ho-rozpoznat\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Kdy\u017e jsem telefonoval s robotem - jak um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence dob\u00fdv\u00e1 telefon a jak ji rozpoznat<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz und energie: was der ki-boom wirklich kostet\" data-id=\"4590\"  data-category=\"allgemein hardware ki-systeme\" data-post_tag=\"energiepolitik europa geopolitik krisen k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz prozesse\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry-wrapper\"><div class=\"dpt-featured-content\"><div class=\"dpt-permalink\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/umela-inteligence-a-energie-co-ki-boom-skutecne-stoji\/\" class=\"dpt-permalink\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a energie: kolik skute\u010dn\u011b stoj\u00ed boom um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail\"><div class=\"dpt-thumbnail-inner\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, energie a udr\u017eitelnost\" context=\"dpt\" data-dpt-src=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/KI-Energie-Nachhaltigkeit.jpg\" data-dpt-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-dpt-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/KI-Energie-Nachhaltigkeit.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/KI-Energie-Nachhaltigkeit-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/KI-Energie-Nachhaltigkeit-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/KI-Energie-Nachhaltigkeit-18x12.jpg 18w\" \/><\/div><span class=\"dpt-thumbnail-aspect-ratio\" style=\"padding-top: 75%\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sub-entry\"><h3 class=\"dpt-title\"><a class=\"dpt-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2026\/01\/umela-inteligence-a-energie-co-ki-boom-skutecne-stoji\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a energie: kolik skute\u010dn\u011b stoj\u00ed boom um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .dpt-entry -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dpt-entry has-thumbnail\" data-title=\"gfm-business und die zukunft des erp: lokale intelligenz statt cloud-abh\u00e4ngigkeit\" data-id=\"2956\"  data-category=\"apple iphone &amp; 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Fragen, die nie wirklich verschwinden, egal wie modern unsere Welt wird. Eine dieser Fragen lautet wahrscheinlich ganz einfach: Was ist eigentlich der Sinn des Lebens? Interessanterweise taucht die Antwort \u201e42\u201c dabei heute immer wieder auf &#8211; meist mit einem kleinen Schmunzeln. Der Hintergrund stammt aus &#8230; <a title=\"Ollama a Qdrant: M\u00edstn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 pro va\u0161i um\u011blou inteligenci na Macu\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/2025\/08\/ollama-splnuje-qdrant-mistni-pamet-pro-vase-ki-na-macu\/\" aria-label=\"\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce o Ollama meets Qdrant: M\u00edstn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 pro va\u0161i um\u011blou inteligenci na Macu\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6076,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":106,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,466,431,472,235],"tags":[444,458,447,426,471,476,429,477],"class_list":["post-6071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-allgemein","category-gesellschaft","category-ki-systeme","category-kunst-kultur","category-stories-humor","tag-denkmodelle","tag-erfahrungen","tag-gesundheit","tag-krisen","tag-kuenstliche-intelligenz","tag-meinungsfreiheit","tag-persoenlichkeitsentwicklung","tag-portrait"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6071"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6159,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6071\/revisions\/6159"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6076"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markus-schall.de\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}