Beneath Greenland’s ice lies a promise that has captured the imagination of politicians, businesses, and investors for years: rare earth elements, critical minerals, oil, gas, and other natural resources that could become increasingly important in a world hungry for raw materials. The more climate change alters the Arctic regions, the more often Greenland is described as a future winner in this development.
But it’s not that simple. Between geological deposits and economically viable extraction lie political decisions, high costs, a lack of infrastructure, fluctuating commodity prices, and a population that is not necessarily willing to support every form of industrial development. Greenland is thus less of a surefire raw materials giant than an example of just how wide the gap between potential and reality can be.